41st Generation (Continued)
Family of Richard I the Fearless Duke of Normandy (165) & Gunnor de Crepon

182. Godfrey Count de Eu & Brienne, 31G Grandfather, M. Born in 0953 in Normandy, England. Godfrey Count de Eu & died abt 1015, he was 62.

Cockayne's "Complete Peerage" calls him the Count of Brionne and states
that he was the illigitimate son of Richard, Duke of Normandy.

Children:
i. Son, 31G Uncle, M.

REFN: 12780

Son married Daughter de Falaise, 31G Aunt, F, daughter of Fulbert the Tanner de Falaise, M (0978-) & Duxia de Falaise, F.

REFN: 12781

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205 ii. Gilbert Count of, M (0979-1040)

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183. Richard II the Good Duke of Normandy, 31G Grandfather, M. Born abt 0958 in Normandy, France. Richard II the Good Duke of died in Fecamp, S-Infr, France on 28 Aug 1026, he was 68.

In 1017 when Richard II the Good Duke of was 59, he first married Estrith\Margaret of Denmark, Half 32G Aunt, F, daughter of Sveyn I Haraldsson Forkbeard King of Denmark, M (0965-2 Feb 1013/14) & Sigrid the Haughty, F (abt 0950-bef 1013). Born abt 0967.

REFN22709

Richard II the Good Duke of second married Judith of Brittany, 31G Grandmother, F, daughter of Conan I the Crooked Duke of Brittany, M (abt 0944-27 Jun 0992) & Ermengard-Gerberge de Anjou, F (0962-). Born abt 0982 in Bretagne, France. Judith of died on 16 Jun 1017, she was 35.

They had the following children:
206 i. Papia de, F
207 ii. Richard III Duke of, M (0997-1028)
208 iii. Robert II the Devil Duke of, M (0999-1035)
iv. Judith of, 33G Grandmother, F. Born in 1003 in Normandy, France. Judith of died in France aft 1037, she was 34.

REFN: 3740

bef 1 Sep 1016 when Judith of was 13, she married Renaud I Count of Burgundy, 33G Grandfather, M, son of Othon-Guillaume de Macon de Nevers, M (Bet. 959 - 962-21 Sep 1026) & Ermentrude de Roucy, F (Bet. 958 - 959-Bef. 5 Mar 1003/04). Born in 0990 in Bourgogne, France. Renaud I Count of died in France on 3 Sep 1057, he was 67.

REFN: 3739

REFN14355
v. Eleanora, 31G Aunt, F. Born in 1005 in Normandy, France.

REFN: 5411

aft 1030 when Eleanora was 25, she married Baldwin IV Fair Beard Earl\Count of Flanders, 31G Grandfather, M, son of Arnolph II Count de Flanders, M (abt 0941-0988) & Rozela\Susanna de Italia, F (0945-13 Dec 1003). Born Bet. 967 - 968 in Flanders, France. Baldwin IV Fair Beard Earl\Count of died in Flanders, France on 30 May 1036, he was 69.

REFN: 5410


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184. Matilda\Mahaud de Normandy, 30G Grandmother, F. Born abt 0974 in Normandy, France. Matilda\Mahaud died bef 1017, she was 43.

In 1003 when Matilda\Mahaud was 29, she married Odo II Etudes Count of Blois (396) , 30G Grandfather, M, son of Odo (Eudes) I Count of Blois (373), M (0950-12 Mar 995/96) & Bertha de Burgundy (393), F (0967-16 Jan 1015/16). Born abt 0990. Odo II Etudes Count of died in Lorraine on 15 Nov 1037, he was 47.

He was Count of Blois & Champagne. Rudolph III, the king of Burgundy
had died in 1032. He was childless and Eudes, as his nephew, was to
have been heir to the throne of Burgundy. the German EMPORER CONRAD II
(RIN 2108), who had long been trying to bring Burgundy under his
authority, had married one of Rudolph's nieces. Rudolph designated
CONRAD as his sucessor.
Eudes contested the succession and was able to gather much support.
As CONRAD was occupied fighting the Poles, Eudes was able to occupy
western Switzerland . The Archbishop of Lyons, GEROLD, COUNT OF
GENEVA (RIN 3530), and many others recognized Eudes as king.
CONRAD, however, was able to win HUMBERT I, COUNT OF MAURIENNE
(RIN 2132), who was the founder of the house of Savoy, to his side. This
gave CONRAD the upper hand, but he was unable to achieve final victory
until Eudes perished in battle at Bar. CONRAD made his son, the future
EMPORER, HENRY III (RIN 2107), king of Burgundy. From this time
forward the king of Burgundy was under the authority of the German
Emporers.



They had one child:
209 i. Theobald III de Champagne Count of, M (1015-1089)

REFN23495

185. Hedwig\Havoise de Normandy, 32G Grandmother, F. Born abt 0977. Hedwig\Havoise died on 21 Feb 1033/34, she was 56.

In 0996 when Hedwig\Havoise was 19, she married Godfrey\Geoffrey Duke of Brittany, 32G Grandfather, M, son of Conan I the Crooked Duke of Brittany, M (abt 0944-27 Jun 0992) & Ermengard-Gerberge de Anjou, F (0962-). Born abt 0980. Godfrey\Geoffrey Duke of died in 1008, he was 28.

They had the following children:
210 i. Eudon "comes, M (-1079)
211 ii. Alan III Count of, M (~0997-1040)

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186. Ralph de Ivrea Ct de Ivrea, 34G Grandfather, M. Born in 0978 in Ivry, France.

Child:
212 i. Emma, F (1008-)

REFN47060

187. Emma of Normandy, 34G Grandmother, F. Born abt 0982 in Nomandy, France. Emma of died in Winchester, Hampshie, England on 6 Mar 1051/52, she was 69.

In 1002 when Emma of was 20, she first married AEthelred II the Unready King of England (423) , 31G Grandfather, M, son of Edgar the Peaceful King of England (408), M (0943-8 Jul 0975) & Aelfthryth\Elfrida of Devon, F (0945-1000), in Normandy, France. Born abt 0968 in Wessex, England. AEthelred II the Unready King of died in London, England on 23 Apr 1016, he was 48. Buried in 1016 in St Paul's, London, Middlesex, England.

Edgar's sudden death at the age of 33 led to a succession dispute b etween rival factions supporting his sons Edward and Ethelred. The elder son Edward (reigned 975-978) was murdered in 978 at Corfe Castle, Dorset, by hi s seven year old half-brother's supporters. For the rest of Ethelred's reign (reigned 978-1016), his brother became a posthumous rallying point for polit ical unrest; a hostile Church transformed Edward into a royal martyr. Known a s the Un-raed or 'Unready' (meaning no counsel, or that he was unwise), Ethel red failed to win or retain the allegiance of many of his subjects. In 1002, he ordered the massacre of all Danes in England to eliminate potential treach ery. Not being an able soldier, Ethelred defended the country against increa singly rapacious Viking raids from the 980s onwards by diplomatic alliance wi th the duke of Normandy in 991 (he later married the duke's daughter Emma) an d by buying off renewed attacks by the Danes with money levied through a tax called the Danegeld. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1006 was dismissive: 'in sp ite of it all, the Danish army went about as it pleased'. By 1012, 48,000 pou nds of silver was being paid in Danegeld to Danes camped in London. Eventual ly, in 1013, Ethelred fled to Normandy when king Sweyn of Denmark dispossesse d him. Ethelred returned to rule after Sweyn's death in 1014. Ethelred's son E dmund set himself up as an independent ruler in the Danelaw. After Ethelred's death in 1015, Edmund cleared southern England of Danish marauders in a seri es of fiercely fought and highly mobile fighting, but he lost the battle of A shingdon of 1016 (his Mercian allies deserted him) against Sweyn's son Canute , and died in the same year. Before his death, Edmund made an agreement with Canute
giving Canute territorial concessions, including Wessex.

They had the following children:
i. Edward the Confessor King of, Half 31G Uncle, M. Born abt 1002 in Islip, Oxfordshire, England. Edward the Confessor King of died in Palace of Westminster, London on 5 Jan 1065/66, he was 63. Buried in Westminster Abbey.

REFN: 4092 In 1042 Edward 'the Confessor' (reigned 1042-66), Ethelred's surviv ing son, became King. With few rivals (Canute's line was extinct and Edward's only male relatives were two nephews in exile), Edward was undisputed King ; the threat of usurpation by the King of Norway rallied the English and Dane s in allegiance to Edward. Brought up in exile in Normandy, Edward lacked mil itary ability or reputation. His Norman sympathies caused tensions with one o f Canute's most powerful earls, Godwin of Wessex, whose daughter, Edith, Edwa rd married in 1045 (the marriage was childless). These tensions resulted in the crisis of 1050-52, when Godwin assembled an army to defy Edward. With rei nforcements from the earls of Mercia and Northumberland, Edward banished Godw in from the country and sent Queen Edith from court. Edward used the opportun ity to appoint Normans to places at court, and as sheriffs at local level. Wi lliam duke of Normandy may have been designated heir. However, the hostile re action to this increased Norman influence brought Godwin back. Edward subsequ ently formed a closer alliance with Godwin's son Harold, who led the army as the King's deputy (he defeated a Welsh incursion in 1055) and whom Edward m ay have named as heir on his deathbed. Warding off political threats, England during the last 15 years of Edward's reign was relatively peaceful. Prosperit y was rising as agricultural techniques improved and the population rose to a round one million. Taxation was comparatively light, as Edward was not an e xtravagant king and lived off the revenues of his own lands (approximately £5 ,500 a year) - nor did he have to pay for expensive military campaigns. Deepl y religious, Edward was responsible for building Westminster Abbey (in the No rman style) and he was buried there after his death in 1066. In 1161, 95 yea rs after his death, Edward was canonized by Alexander III who conferred on hi m the title of 'Confessor'. Edward's feast day is observed on October 13, the day in 1162 his relics were enshrined.

In 1045 when Edward the Confessor King of was 43, he married Edith/Eadgyth, 4C30R, F, daughter of Godwin Earl of Wessex and Kent, M (abt 0987-15 Apr 1053) & Gytha, F (-aft 1069). Born abt 1020.

REFN: 4093

REFN16095
213 ii. Godgifu\Goda of, F (~1004-1055)

REFN16053

On 2 Jul 1017 when Emma of was 35, she second married Canute II Sveynsson King of England and Denmark, 4C34R, M, son of Sveyn I Haraldsson Forkbeard King of Denmark, M (0965-2 Feb 1013/14) & Gunhilda of Poland, F (-abt 1015). Born abt 0995 in Denmark. Canute II Sveynsson King of England and died in Shaftesbury, Dorset, England on 12 Nov 1035, he was 40.

REFN: 5184 For the English people, King Cnut's reign from 1017 to 1035 was muc h like the month of March, "in like a lion and out like a lamb". 1 Crowned in the turmoil of war and conquest, Cnut quickly established an era of peace and prosperity. England became so secure that Cnut could frequently leave the country to settle affairs elsewhere in his empire. It was especially importa nt to a people weary from thirty years of war that all of the fighting during his reign was on foreign soil. By the time of his death in 1035, Cnut was re cognized as an equal by the Holy Roman Emperor and had negotiated with the Po pe as a Christian monarch. Very little is known about Cnut's life before 1013. He may have spent some time in Poland with his mother, Gunhild, after his fa ther, King Svein, divorced her to marry the Swedish Queen Sigrid. 2 He may al so have been the foster son of Thorkell the Tall at Jomburg. 3 Cnut was in c harge of the Danish army at Gainsborough, north of Lincoln, when Svein died s uddenly on February 3, 1013. While the Danish army proclaimed Cnut king, the English Witan recalled King Ethelred from Normandy where he had gone into exi le after his defeat in 1012. 4 Ethelred immediately led an army north, forcin g Cnut to abandon England. On leaving, Cnut sailed along the coast south as f ar as Sandwich where he mutilated the hostages he held, put them ashore, and went to Denmark. Cnut was well received in Denmark by his older brother Harald , whom Svein had installed as king before he left for England. Harald helped Cnut raise a large fleet for an invasion to regain the crown of England. Va rious sources have numbered this fleet between two hundred and one thousand s hips. 5 The lowest estimate comes from the earliest source and is likely to b e the most accurate, indicating an invasion force of over ten thousand men. 6 Cnut was joined by his Norwegian brother-in-law, Earl Erik of Lade, whose lo ng experience in warfare and government made him an ideal advisor for the ine xperienced young prince. 7 Just before leaving, they were joined by Thorkell who had abandoned Ethelred. 8 The invasion force landed in Wessex in the summe r of 1015. Most likely, the landing was made in the south because Cnut's earl ier abandonment had alienated the people in the Danelaw. 9 Shortly after land ing, the invasion force was joined by the English Earl Eadric Streona with fo rty ships. 10 Within four months, Cnut controlled Wessex and was operating north of the Thames. After Earl Uhtred of Northumbria surrendered and was kil led by Cnut on the advice of Eadric, Erik of Lade became Cnut's Earl in the n orth. 11 In April of 1016, Cnut brought his fleet into the Thames and besieged London. At this time, Ethelred died and his son, Edmund Ironside, was decl ared king by the people of London. Edmund broke out of London before the siege was closed. He collected an army which defeated the Danes in several skirmis hes. At this point, the outlook for the Danes was black enough that Eadric de serted Cnut and joined Edmund's forces. In October, Edmund's army caught the Danes at Ashingdon in Essex. Early in this battle, Eadric and his forces fled from the Danes and the English were decisively defeated. Edmund survived and fled to Gloucestershire where he and Cnut met and accepted a peace settlem ent. They agreed that Cnut's soldiers were to be paid a specified amount and the country would be divided between them. Edmund was given Wessex while Cnut received all of the country north of the Thames. 12 The potential for renewe d hostilities was removed when Edmund died on November 30, 1016 and Cnut was accepted by the English as their king. Cnut was still young when he became kin g of England, but he had either been well trained in statesmanship, or more l ikely, he listened to the advice of his more experienced counsellors. 13 Thor kell held a particularly important place in the

They had the following children:
i. Hardicanute Cnutsson King of, Half 31G Uncle, M. Born in 1018. Hardicanute Cnutsson King of died in Lambeth, London on 8 Jun 1042, he was 24.

REFN: 4091
ii. Gunhilda, Half 31G Aunt, F. Born abt 1020.

REFN: 5190

On 10 Jun 1036 when Gunhilda was 16, she married Henry III King of Germany & Holy Roman Emperor, M, son of Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor, M (0990-4 Jun 1039) & Gisele Duchess of Swabia, F (11 Nov 0995-14 Feb 1042/43), in Nimeguen, Germany. Born on 28 Oct 1017. Henry III King of Germany & Holy Roman died on 5 Oct 1056, he was 38.

REFN: 5191 Henry III (Holy Roman Empire), called The Black German king (1028-1 056) and Holy Roman emperor (1046-1056), son and successor of Conrad II. When , in 1041, the Bohemians invaded the lands of the Poles, who were Henry's v assals, Henry brought them to submission, compelling the duke of Bohemia to r ecognize his suzerainty. Between 1043 and 1045 Henry campaigned successfully to restore the deposed Hungarian king to his throne and for a short time afte rward controlled Hungary. Henry was greatly concerned with church reform and went to Rome in 1046 to settle the conflict caused by three rival claimants t o the papacy. Setting aside the three antipopes, he appointed a German bishop , who, as Pope Clement II, crowned Henry Holy Roman emperor. During the rest of his reign Henry appointed three succeeding popes, all Germans. Returning t o Germany, he contended with domestic rebellions. Henry supported the church' s attempts to check clerical abuses; he also strengthened the power of the pa pacy, which proved disadvantageous for his son, Henry IV. The first undispute d King of Germany, he introduced the "Truce of God", where fighting would sto p between Wednesday evening and Monday morning during times of battle. He deposed three rival popes.

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