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| Name of Hot Spot | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter | Notes |
| Janus Patera | 3 S | 42.5 W | 60.0 | Persistent |
| Hi’iaka Patera | 3 S | 80 W | 80.0 | Persistent; Plume deposits seen 1996/1997 |
| Zal Patera | 42 N | 76 W | 130.0 | Persistent |
| Gish Bar Patera | 17 N | 90 W | 150.0 | Active G1-E4; C10; possibly persistent |
| Sigurd Patera | 5 S | 98 W | 60.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1, C3, C9-C10 |
| Monan Patera | 19 N | 106 W | 50.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1-C3, C10, E15; Possible plume seen orbit E4 |
| Altjirra Patera | 34 S | 108 W | 50.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1, C3, E6, C9-C10; high heat output |
| Amirani-Maui | 25.9 N | 114.5 W | Persistent hot spots at the caldera, a northern flow front, and a western flow front (Maui); Prometheus-type plumes seen at the two flow fronts | |
| Malik Patera | 34.2 S | 128.5 W | 85.0 | Persistent |
| Tupan Patera | 18 S | 141 W | 50.0 | Persistent |
| Arinna Fluctus | 32 N | 147 W | 120.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1 and C3 |
| Prometheus | 1.6 S | 153 W | Persistent; Prometheus-type plume always seen, shifted 75 km due to moving flow front; Marduk-type plume seen where lava breaks out on the surface; Hotspot seen where the lava breaks out on the surface and at a "lava pond" | |
| Culann Patera | 19.9 S | 158.7 W | 100.0 | Persistent; Plume seen G1-G2; Hotspot seen at caldera and flow front |
| Zamama | 18 N | 174 W | Hotspot seen G1-E4, C10, E11; Plume seen G1-E14; sheet lava flow begun between 1979 and 1996 | |
| Volund | 25 N | 184.3 W | Active during Voyager flybys and C3; Plume seen during Voyager flybys | |
| Aidne Patera | 2 S | 178 W | 50.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1-E4, C10, I27 |
| Fo Patera | 40.5 N | 192 W | 50.0 | Seen by NIMS/SSI orbits G1, C3, E6 |
| Sethlaus Patera | 52.0 S | 194.0 W | 80.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits C3-E6, C10 |
| Rata Patera | 35.5 S | 199.5 W | 30.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits C3-E6, E11 |
| Lei-Kung Fluctus | 38 N | 204 W | 400.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits G1, C3, C9; SSI orbits E11; PPR orbits I24 |
| Isum Patera | 29 N | 208 W | 100.0 | Persistent; Two hotspots, one in caldera, the other in a fissure NW of caldera |
| Marduk | 27 S | 209 W | 150.0 | Persistent; Marduk-type plume seen |
| Ot Patera | 2 S | 218 W | 55.0 | 9611A; active 11/96-2/97 |
| Kurdalagon Patera | 49.5 S | 218 W | 50.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits C3-E6 |
| Mulungu Patera | 17 N | 218 W | 50.0 | Persistent |
| Pillan Patera | 12 S | 244 W | 80.0 | Persistent; major eruption during orbit C9; plume seen C9; two hotspots seen afterward at the vent and at lava falls at the caldera |
| Pele | 18.6 S | 257.8 W | Persistent; Pele-type plume forms 1400 km wide red, oval deposits | |
| Daedalus Patera | 19.1 N | 274.1 W | 40.0 | Seen by Voyager; NIMS orbits E4-E6, PPR orbits I25 and I27 |
| Loki Patera | 13 N | 309 W | 250.0 | Persistent; periodic brightenings seen from earth and Galileo; Two plumes seen nearby by Voyager |
| Shamshu Patera | 8 S | 64 W | 90.0 | Seen by NIMS G1, C9-C10 |
| Kanehekili | 16 S | 38 W | 250.0 | Persistent; Catena-like caldera, two hotspots; Plume seen |
| Svarog Patera | 48.3 S | 267.5 W | 70.0 | Seen by Voyager; NIMS/SSI G7-C9 |
| Babbar Patera | 39.5 S | 272.1 W | 95.0 | Persistent |
| Reiden Patera | 13.4 S | 235.7 W | 70.0 | Seen by SSI G1 |
| Acala Fluctus | 11 N | 337 W | 300.0 | Seen by Voyager; Seen by SSI orbits C9-C21; PPR orbit I24; Plume seen G8-E15; |
| Shamash Patera | 33.7 S | 152.1 W | 110.0 | Seen by NIMS G1, C9-C10 |
| Ra Patera | 8.6 S | 325.3 W | 30.0 | Plume seen by Galileo orbits G1, E4 |
| Masubi | 48.0 S | 60.0 W | 800.0 | Plume seen by Voyager, Galileo orbits C10, C21-C22 |
| Camaxtli Patera | 16 N | 136 W | 80.0 | Seen by NIMS/SSI orbit E15, I24, I27; 9805A |
| Gabija Patera | 52 S | 203 W | 70.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit E14; 9803E |
| Girru Patera | 22 N | 240 W | 70.0 | Seen by NIMS G2, E14; SSI E11; 9803A |
| Haokah Patera | 20.9 S | 186.7 W | 65.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit E14; 9803B |
| Tawhaki Patera | 3 N | 76 W | 60.0 | Seen by SSI orbits G8, E11 |
| Susanoo Patera | 22 N | 220 W | 150.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit E14; 9803D |
| Kinich Ahau Patera | 49 N | 312 W | 90.0 | Seen by NICMOS on HST |
| Wayland Patera | 32 S | 226 W | 85.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit E14; 9803C |
| Kami-Nari Patera | 8 S | 234 W | 60.0 | Pillan-type deposit seen orbit C21 and I24 |
| Lei-Zi Fluctus | 14 N | 45 W | 365.0 | Plume deposit seen orbit C9 |
| Nusku Patera | 63 S | 7 W | 90.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Mbali Patera | 32 S | 8 W | 60.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Karei Patera | 2 N | 16 W | 100.0 | Seen by SSI orbit G8; hot eruption seen by Earth in late August-early Sept. 1996; 9608A |
| Ukko Patera | 32 N | 20 W | 40.0 | 9508A |
| Uta Patera | 32 S | 25 W | 30.0 | 9606C; Seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998 |
| Unnamed Fluctus | 69 S | 30 W | 9610A | |
| Itzamna Patera | 16 S | 98 W | 65.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit C10; S. Sigurd |
| Tvashtar Catena | 62 N | 122 W | 290.0 | Lava fountain seen I24; active flow seen I27; SSI active center; 9911A; 0012A; Pele-type plume and deposit seen by Galileo in orbit G29 and by Cassini in Dec. 2000 and Jan. 2001 |
| Pyerun Patera | 55 S | 252 W | 40.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Shakuru Patera | 24 N | 267 W | 70.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Mithra Patera | 59 S | 267 W | 25.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Viracocha Patera | 62 S | 282 W | 55.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Ulgen Patera | 40 S | 288 W | 49.0 | Seen by Voyager; maybe by Galileo |
| Sengen Patera | 32 S | 304 W | 55.0 | Seen by UH AO June 1997; 9606J; Possibly seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998; 991125C |
| Amaterasu Patera | 38 N | 307 W | 100.0 | Persistent |
| Aten Patera | 48 S | 311 W | 40.0 | Pele-type plume deposit seen July 1979; Seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998 |
| Mazda Catena | 8 S | 314 W | Seen by Voyager; 9606H? | |
| Nemea | 80 S | 320 W | Seen by Voyager | |
| Fuchi Patera | 29 N | 328 W | 45.0 | 9606G; Seen by SSI orbits E6, E14 and possibly G8 |
| Surt | 46 N | 338 W | Pele-type plume deposit seen July 1979; Seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998 | |
| Creidne Patera | 53 S | 344 W | 125.0 | Seen by Voyager |
| Tiermes Patera | 23 N | 351 W | 50.0 | 9507A |
| Euboea Fluctus | 45 S | 352 W | 9606F; bright red bi-directional deposits; Seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998 | |
| Fjorgynn Fluctus | 12 N | 358 W | 300.0 | Seen by SSI orbit E15; 9606D; Seen by NICMOS on HST in July 1998 |
| Namarrkun Patera | 10.5 N | 178 W | 100.0 | SSI active feature |
| Shango Patera | 32 N | 100 W | 110.0 | SSI Active Center |
| Ekhi Patera | 28 S | 88 W | 55.0 | Seen by SSI orbit G8 |
| Catha Patera | 53 S | 100 W | 60.0 | |
| Arusha Patera | 38 S | 101 W | 60.0 | Outburst in late February-early September 1995; 9503A |
| Seth Patera | 5 S | 131 W | 70.0 | Seen by NIMS orbits I25 and I27, minor brightening seen between flybys |
| Surya Patera | 22 N | 151 W | 130.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit I27; the radiation feature |
| E. Surya | 21 N | 146 W | Seen by NIMS orbits I24 and I27, major brightening seen between flybys | |
| Chaac Patera | 11 N | 158 W | 95.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit I25 |
| S. Surya | 14 N | 150 W | Seen by NIMS orbits I24 and I27; the arrow feature | |
| W. Camaxtli | 16 N | 140 W | Seen fading between I24 and I27 by NIMS | |
| SE Camaxlti | 12 N | 134 W | Seen by NIMS orbits I24 and I27 | |
| Unnamed | 9 N | 133 W | Seen by NIMS orbits I25 and I27 | |
| W. Amirani | 20 N | 132 W | Seen by NIMS orbit I27 | |
| Maui Patera | 16.5 N | 124 W | 45.0 | Seen by NIMS orbit I27 |
| Manua Patera | 35.5 N | 322 W | 110.0 | Seen by UH AO June 1997; Seen by SSI orbit E6 |
| Khalla Patera | 6 N | 303.4 W | 80.0 | Seen by UH AO June 1997 |
| Unnamed | 5 N | 23 W | Plume deposit; Possibly seen by SSI orbit G8, E15 | |
| Ruwa Patera | 1 N | 3 W | 50.0 | Seen by SSI orbit E14 and possibly G8 |
| E. Acala | 17.1 N | 332.9 W | Seen by SSI orbits C9, E11 | |
| Mihr Patera | 16.4 S | 305.6 W | 60.0 | Seen by SSI orbits C9, E11 |
| Cataquil Patera | 24.2 S | 18.7 W | 125.0 | 9906A |
| Dazhbog Patera | 56 N | 303 W | Seen by NICMOS on HST | |
| W. Zal | 46 N | 92 W | Seen by SSI orbit E15 | |
| Poliahu | 19.5 S | 82 W | Extremely bright outburst in 1986 | |
| Huo Shen Patera | 15 S | 330 W | 90.0 | Changes seen by HST |
| Unnamed | 11.5 S | 14 W | Seen by SSI orbit G8, C10, E14, E15, C22?; 9606C?, 9812A? | |
| Unnamed | 13.1 S | 22.8 W | Possibly seen by SSI orbit G8, E15, 9606C? | |
| Unnamed | 49 S | 71 W | 9808A? | |
| S. Amirani | 18 N | 117.5 W | Marduk-type plume deposits; Seen by NIMS orbit I24 | |
| Unnamed | 11 N | 61 W | Seen by SSI orbit C10 | |
| Unnamed | 4 S | 350 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15? | |
| Donar Fluctus | 21.8 N | 187.3 W | Seen by SSI orbit E11 | |
| S. Monan | 10.8 N | 108.3 W | Seen by SSI orbit E15 |
This is a survey of 106 hotspots. There have been more hotspot detections, but as of yet they have yet to be attributed to any surface feature.
Here is a list of hotspot detections that have not been attributed to any feature:
| Latitude | Longitude | Notes |
| 15.3 N | 4.7 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15, 9606D? |
| 2 S | 13 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15 |
| 6 S | 19 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15 |
| 1 N | 21 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15 |
| 1 S | 23 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15 |
| 9 S | 27 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15 |
| 16.5 S | 27.9 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15, 9606C? |
| 4.8 N | 356.1 W | Seen by SSI orbits G8, C10, E15? |
| 30±20 S | 300±6 W | 9606K |
| 45±45 S | 77±45 W | Outburst, 9509A |
| ? | 345±90 W | 9706A |
| 20±7 N | 27±10W | 0011A |
| 55±15 N | 58±15 W | 0011B; 9610A? |
| 10.2 S | 215.6 W | Seen by SSI orbit E11 |
| 35.6 S | 242.5 W | Seen by SSI orbit E11 |
| 14 N | 74 W | 9908A |
| 64 N | 80 W | 0002A |
Dates of Galileo C/A to Io
| Orbit | Date |
| G1 | June 27, 1996 |
| G2 | September 6, 1996 |
| C3 | November 6, 1996 |
| E4 | December 18, 1996 |
| E6 | February 20, 1997 |
| G7 | April 4, 1997 |
| G8 | May 6, 1997 |
| C9 | June 27, 1997 |
| C10 | September 19, 1997 |
| E11 | November 7, 1997 |
| E12 | December 16, 1997 |
| E13 | February 10, 1998 |
| E14 | March 28, 1998 |
| E15 | May 31, 1998 |
| E16 | July 21, 1998 |
| E17 | September 26, 1998 |
| E18 | November 22, 1998 |
| E19 | February 1, 1999 |
| C20 | May 5, 1999 |
| C21 | July 1, 1999 |
| C22 | August 14, 1999 |
| C23 | September 16, 1999 |
| I24 | October 11, 1999 |
| I25 | November 26, 1999 |
| E26 | January 3, 2000 |
| I27 | February 22, 2000 |
| G28 | May 20, 2000 |
| G29 | December 28, 2000 |
| C30 | May 25, 2001 |
| I31 | August 6, 2001 |
| I32 | October 16, 2001 |
| I33 | January 17, 2002 |
| A34 | November 19, 2002 |
Black = Galileo Primary Mission
Red = Galileo Europa Mission
Green = Galileo Millennium Mission
Blue = Proposed Third Extension Mission
Grey Shading = C/A has yet to be performed
References
R. Lopes-Gautier et al. "Active Volcanism on Io: Global Distribution and
Variations in Activity." Icarus 140, 243-64 (1999).
R. Lopes-Gautier et al. "Hot Spots on Io: Initial Results from Galileo's
Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer." Geo. Res. Let. 24, 2439-42 (1997).
A.S. McEwen et al. "High Temperature silicate volcanism on Jupiter's moon
Io." Science 281, 87-90 (1998).
R. Lopes-Gautier. "Volcanism on Io." In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes
(Haraldur Sigurdsson ed.) Academic Press, San Diego.
"Io Nomenclature Table of Contents." http://wwwflag.wr.usgs.gov/USGSFlag/Space/nomen/jupiter/ioTOC.html
"Io Volcanic Activity." http://www.lowell.edu/users/ijw/volnews.html
"Monitoring of Io in coordination with the Galileo/GEM - Cassini campaign
by ADONIS Adaptive Optics." http://astron.berkeley.edu/~fmarchis/Io_OA/Run2000/
L. Keszthelyi et al. "Imaging of volcanic activity on Jupiter's
moon Io by Galileo during GEM and GMM." Submitted to J. Geophys. Res.
