|
FORT
FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA
13 - 15
January 1865
Including:
Battery Buchanan
Federal Point
Mound Battery
OR-Series I, Volume XLVI, Chapter LVIII, Pg
403
Naval History of the Civil War - Admiral
David Dix Porter, Pg 739
To Conf Units

Union Army
MAJOR GENERAL ALFRED H. TERRY
Chief Engineer - Lieutenant Colonel Comstock
Medical Director - Surgeon Norman S. Barns
XXIV ARMY CORPS
2nd Division (XXIV
CORPS) - Brigadier General Adelbert Ames
1st Brigade -
Colonel N. Martin Curtis (W)
Major Ezra L. Walrath
3rd New York Infantry Regiment--- Captain James H. Reeves (W)
Lieutenant
Edwin A. Behan (W)
112th New York Infantry Regiment--- Colonel John F. Smith (W)
117th New York Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel Francis
X. Meyer
142nd New York Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel Albert M.
Barney
2nd Brigade -
Colonel Galusha Pennypacker (W)
Major Oliver P. Harding
47th New York Infantry Regiment--- Captain Joseph M. McDonald
48th New York Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel William B.
Coan (W)
Major
Nere A. Elfwing
76th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment--- Colonel John S. Littell (W)
Major
Charles Knerr
97th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant John Wainwright
(W)
203rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment--- Captain John W. Moore (K)
Lieutenant
Colonel Jonas W. Lyman (K)
Major
Oliver P. Harding
Captain
Heber B. Essington
3rd Brigade -
Colonel Louis Bell (MW)
Colonel Alonzo Alden
13th Indiana Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel Samuel M.
Zent
4th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment--- Captain John H. Roberts
115th New York Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel Nathan J.
Johnson (W)
169th New York Infantry Regiment--- Colonel Alonzo Alden
Lieutenant
Colonel James A. Colvin
2nd Brigade, 1st
Division * - Colonel Joseph C. Abbott
6th Connecticut Infantry Regiment--- Colonel Alfred P. Rockwell
7th Connecticut Infantry Regiment--- Captain John Thompson (W)
Captain
William S. Marble
3rd New Hampshire Infantry Regiment--- Captain William H.
Trickey
7th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel
Augustus W. Rollins
Detachment, 16th New York Heavy Artillery--- Major Frederick W.
Prince
*= Temp attd to 2nd Division
XXV CORPS
3rd Division - Brigadier
General Charles J. Paine
2nd Brigade -
Colonel John W. Ames
4th U.S. Colored Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel George Rogers
6th U.S. Colored Regiment--- Major Augustus S. Boernstein
30th U.S. Colored Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel Hiram A.
Oakman
39th U.S. Colored Regiment --- Colonel Ozora P. Stearns
3rd Brigade - Colonel Elias Wright
1st U.S. Colored Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel Giles H. Rich
5th U.S. ColoredRegiment --- Major William R. Brazie
10th U.S. Colored Regiment--- Lieutenant Colonel Edward H.
Powell
27th U.S. Colored Regiment--- Colonel Albert H. Blackman
37th U.S. Colored Regiment--- Colonel Nathan Goff Jr.
Artillery
Battery B, 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery--- Captain William G.
Pride
Battery G, 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery--- Captain William G.
Pride
Battery L, 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery--- Captain William G.
Pride
16 Battery, New York Light Artillery--- Captain Richard H. Lee
Battery E, 3rd U.S. Light Artillery--- Lieutenant John R. Myrick
Engineers -
Lieutenant Keefe S. O'Keefe
Company "A", 15th New York Infantry
Company "I", 15th New York Infantry
STRENGTH 9,632
CASUALTIES Killed 285 Wounded 1,082 Missing 57 TOTAL
1,424
Partial Casualty List
W=Wounded, MW=Mortally Wounded, K=Killed
|
Baker Silas -Pvt -M Behan Edwin A. -Lt -W Bell Louis -Col -MW Cadman James -Pvt -W Coan William B. -LtCol -W Cooper E. H. -Pvt -W Curtis N. Martin -Col -W Dawson -Capt -W Hotchkiss N. J. -Capt -MW Johnson Nathan J. -LtCol -W |
Littell John S. -Col -W Lawrence -Capt -W Lyman Jonas W. -LtCol -K Moore John W. -Capt -K Pennypacker Galusha -Col -W Reeves James H. -Capt -W Smith John F. -Col -W Thompson John -Capt -W Wainwright John -Lt -W Wright C. J. -LtCol -W |
MEDAL
OF HONOR WINNERS

Curtis N. Martin -Bvt. Bgen
Neahr Zachariah C. -Pvt
Pennypacker Galusha -Col
Wainwright John -Lt

U. S. Naval Forces
NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON
REAR ADMIRAL DAVID DIX PORTER
Staff
Fleet
Captain -Lieutenant Commander K. R. Breese
Ordnance
Officer - - Lieutenant Commander H. A. Adams Jr.
Lieutenant S. W. Preston
Signal
Officer -Lieutenant M. W. Sanders
Detailing
Officer -Lieutenant S. W. Terry
Fleet
Paymaster H. M. Heiskell
Fleet
Surgeon - Surgeon George Maulsby
Fleet
Engineer - Theodore Zeller
Admiral’s
Secretary - Carlisle P. Porter
Assistant
Paymaster - C. F. Guild
Special Duty
- Acting Master James M. Alden
Acting
Ensigns - H. Woodruff, R. Bates, J. W. Grattan, F. W. Grafton
Acting
Master’s Mate - Aaron Vanderbilt
Ships of the Line
Naval Division
Commanders
1st Division - Captain L. L. Dawson USMC
2nd Division - Lieutenant Commander C. H. Cushman (W)
3rd Division - Lieutenant Commander James Parker
4th Division - Lieutenant Commander T. O. Selfridge
Pioneers - Lieutenant S. W. Preston (K)
U.S.S. A. D. Vance - Lieutenant Commander J. H.
Upshur
Crew- Acting
Master - G Cottrell, C. M. Lane
Acting
Ensign - W. W. Smith, C. F. Ware, C. E. Clark, W.J. Eldridge
Act
Asst Surgeon - D. W. Jones, B. F. Howell
Act
1st Asst Engineer - D. C. Chester
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - C. G. Stevens, C. S. Servoss, George Devine
Act
3rd Asst Engineer - William Madden, G. H. Whittemore, C. B. Nichols
U.S.S. Aires -
Acting Volunteer Lieutenant F. S. Wells
Crew - Acting Ensign - G. F. Morse,
J. A. Brennan, Seth Hand
Act Asst Surgeon - A. C.
Fowler
Act Asst Paymaster - C.
A. Downes
Act Master’s Mate - D.
McCool, F. A. Haskell
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
Simeon Smith
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
R. H. Cornthwait, T. E. Wilson, J. F. Fraser
U.S.S. Alabama - Acting Volunteer Lieutenant A. R.
Langthorn
Crew - Acting
Master - William Bates
Acting
Ensign - Albert Taylor, Thomas Williams, S. F. Graves
Act
Asst Surgeon - D. T. T. Nestell
Act
Asst Paymaster - E. K. Gibson
Act
Master’s Mate - C. F. Ellmore, C. S. Wilcox, D. H. Hall
1st
Asst Engineer - Edward Farmer
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - J. G. Rossman, J. C. Lewis, Greenville Lewis
Act
3rd Asst Engineer - Ezra Gray, George Cowie Jr,
U.S.S. Britannia
- Acting Volunteer Lieutenant W. A. Sheldon
Crew - Acting
Master - J. S. Coney, S. J. White
Acting
Ensign - A. J. Lowell, W. H. Bryant
Act
Asst Surgeon - F. Nickerson
Act
Asst Paymaster - C. B. Culver
Act
Master’s Mate - R. L. M. Jones, W. W. Reed
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - J. Fernald, J. M. Barron
Act
3rd Asst Engineer - W. D. Butts, Samuel Dale Jr., F. S. Andrews
U.S.S. Brooklyn - Captain James Alden
Crew - Lieutenant - T. L. Swann
Surgeon - George Maulsby
Asst Surgeon - H. S.
Pitkin
Paymaster - G. E.
Thornton
Marines - Capt. G. P.
Houston
Acting Master - Robert
Barstow
Ensign - D. R. Cassell,
C. H. Pendleton, C. D. Sigsbee
Acting Ensign - C. H.
Littlefield
Act Master’s Mate -
Thomas Stanfield, J. W. DeCamp, R. H. Taylor
Chief Engineer -
Mortimer Kellogg
2nd Asst Engineer - W.
H. G. West, Thomas Lynch, G. E. Tower, J. A. Bullard
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
R. D. Giberson
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
John Matthews, H. H. Arthur, Timothy Flanders
Boatswain - Robert
McDonald
Acting Gunner - John
Quevedo
Carpenter - R. G. Thomas
Sailmaker - D. C. Brayton
U.S.S. Canonicus - Lieutenant Commander George E.
Belknap
Crew - Lieutenant - R. S. McCook
Acting Master - D. S. Murphy,
E. S. Goodwin, E. A. Decker
Acting Ensign - C. W.
Seekins, M. W. Weld, F. P. Center
Asst Surgeon - H. N.
Beaumont
Asst Paymaster - R. P.
Lisle
Chief Engineer - D. B.
Macomb
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
C. G. Conklin
2nd Asst Engineer - F.
F. McKean, J. M. Savill
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
William S. Brown, William Keenan, J. A. Chandler
U.S.S.
Cherokee - Acting Volunteer Lieutenant W. E. Dennison
Crew - Acting Ensign - T. F. DeLuce,
John Parry, A. F. Parsons, C. B. Dickman
Act Asst Surgeon - E. T.
T. March
Act Asst Paymaster - J.
C. Osterloh
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
A. W. Reynolds
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
F. H. Thurber, J. H. Potts
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
John Gilmore, A. I. Sanborn
U.S.S. Chippewa - Lieutenant Commander - E. E.
Potter
Crew - Acting Master - J. W.
Saunders
Acting Ensign - G. H.
Wood, Edward Tilghman, W. H. DeGrosse, W. A. Taylor
Act Asst Surgeon - J. E.
Gregory
Act Asst Paymaster - J.
M. Flood
2nd Asst Engineer -
Joseph Watters
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
A. A. Winship
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
R. W. Wilton, Henry Romaine
U.S.S. Colorado - Commodore Henry K. Thatcher
Crew - Lieutenant - George
Dewey, H. B. Robeson , M. L. Johnson
Surgeon -
James McClelland
Asst Surgeon - Robert
Willard, B. H. Kidder
Paymaster - W. A.
Ingersoll,
Marines -
Captain L. L. Dawson, Lieutenant
E. P. Meeker
Acting Volunteer Lieutenant - F. F. Baury (W),
Acting Master - Edwin Coffin (W),
L. B. King
Acting Ensign - J. L. Vennard, W. G. Perry
Acting Master’s Mate
- J. W. Wallace, A. B. Arey, E. A. Gould, M. V. Thomas, A. F. Tucker
Chief Engineer - B. F. Garvin
1st Asst Engineer - J. H. Bailey
2nd Asst Engineer - E. E. Roberts, H. M. Quig, C. S. Maurice
3rd Asst Engineer - M. A. Sutherland,
Act 3rd Asst Engineer - C. C. Fernald, J. P. Messer, W. B. Whitmore
Boatswain - John K. Bartlett
Gunner - William Wilson
Carpenter - J. G. Myers
Sailmaker - Nicholas Lynch
U.S.S. Emma - Acting Volunteer Lieutenant J. M.
Williams
Crew - Acting
Ensign - C. Zimmerman, D. S. Beete, I. S. Sampson. C. A. Stewart, I.C. Fuller
Acting
Master’s Mate - R. P. Herrick
Act
Asst Surgeon - George Doig
Act
Asst Paymaster - C. H. Hammatt
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - E. Barry
Act 3rd Asst Engineer - A. S. Churchill, J. C. Smith, J. W. Grant, J. C. Wells
U.S.S. Eolus -
Acting Master E. S. Keyser
Crew - Acting Ensign - Thomas
Stothard, C. A. Stewart, S. M. Lane, H. N. Crockett
Act Asst Paymaster - H.
Jenkins
Act 1st Asst Engineer - A. Rockerfeller
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
G. L. Rockwell, J. H. Hennesy, M. L. Ruth
U.S.S. Fort Donelson - Acting Master G. W. Frost
Crew - Acting Ensign - J. W.
Bennett, E. A. Butler, H. C. Leslie, J. G. Lloyd
Act Master’s Mate -
George Woodland, A. F. G. Blanfuhr
Act Asst Surgeon - M. G.
Raefle
Act Asst Paymaster - J.
F. Dunham
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
John Miller
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
H. L. M. Hodges
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
G. W. Rymes, L. De Arville, W. A. Fuller, J. H. Sleanman, P. M. Kafer
U.S.S. Fort Jackson - Captain B. F. Sands
Crew - Lieutenant Commander - Rush
R. Wallace
Lieutenant - S. H. Hunt
Surgeon - Philip S.
Wales
Act Asst Surgeon - E. J.
O’Callaghan
Paymaster - Clifton
Hellen
Acting Master - J. S.
Coney, H. F. Moffatt
Acting Ensign - S. K.
Hopkins, J. J. Reagan
Acting Master’s Mate -
H. St. C. Eytinge, J. D. Moore, G. W. Smoot, F. A. Powers, Charles Moran
Act Chief Engineer -
Rodney Smith
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
Jared Day, J. A. Hill
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
John Herron, G. T. Gibbs
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
C. H. Wakefield, William M. Prentiss
Boatswain - P. A. Chason
Acting Gunner - Thomas
Reese
Carpenter - E. Thompson
U.S.S. Gettysburg - Lieutenant R. H. Lamson
Crew - Acting Master - C. B.
Dahlgren
Acting
Ensign - A. S. Leighton, F. P. B. Sands, F. A. Gross, M. C. Keith, Charles
Miller
Act Asst Surgeon - G. S.
Eddy
Act Asst Paymaster - R.
H. Gillette
Act Master’s Mate - H.
J. Derbyshire, T. H. P. Gross
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
G. S. Perkins, J. M. Case, E. C. Maloy, A. J. Pixley
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
E. B. Carter, J. W. Homans
U.S.S. Governor Buckingham - Acting Volunteer
Lieutenant John Macdearmid
Crew - Acting Ensign - C. H. Sawyer,
L. W. Smith, D. M. Gaskins, L. P. Parker
Act Asst Paymaster - G.
B. Tripp
Act Master’s Mate - J.
W. Gardner, F. H. Poole, W. W. Hunter
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
F. E. Porter
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
Eugene Mack
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
Thomas Foley, Owen Kaney, James Fitzpatrick, Charles Ward
U.S.S.
Howquah - Acting Volunteer Lieutenant J. W. Balch
Crew - Acting Ensign - G. P. St.
John, John Sayers
Act Asst Paymaster - E.
W. Brooks
Act Master’s Mate - R.
B. Smith, F. P. Haskell
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
W. G. McLean, D. R. Wylie, J. L. DeMott
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
F. W. Moores Jr., Arthur O’Brien
U.S.S. Huron - Lieutenant Commander Thomas O.
Selfridge
Crew- Acting Master - Benjamin
Whitmore
Acting Ensign - Robert
Sheppard, S. H. Munder, W. H. H. Curtis, Andrew McCleary
Act Master’s Mate -
Eugene Coleman
Act Asst Surgeon - James
McMillan
Act Asst Paymaster - C.
D. Collom
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
James B lenkinsop
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
H. F. Hayden, M. Harloe
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
T. F. Burket, E. G. Ingalls
U.S.S. Iosco - Commander John Guest
Crew- Lieutenant - C. L. Franklin
Acting Ensign - William
Jameson, Ulric Feilberg, Henry Baker, Paul Ware Jr.
Act Asst Surgeon - K. H.
Bancroft
Act Asst Paymaster - L.
L. Scovel
Act Master’s Mate - T.
A. Comstock, Halsted Hemans, Charles A. Peacock
1st Asst Engineer - Z.
Talbot
2nd Asst Engineer -
Elijah Laws
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
Harvey Clapp, James McNabb, C. M. S. Gerry
Acting Gunner - T. M.
Benton
U.S.S. Juanita - Lieutenant Commander Thomas S.
Phelps
Crew - Lieutenant - F. V. McNair
Surgeon - A. C. Gorgas
Paymaster - Caspar
Schenck
Acting Master - C. H.
Hamilton
Ensign - Charles
McGregor
Acting Ensign - W. D.
Price, S. S. Bissell
Act Master’s Mate -
Lewis Goeltze, W. F. Warnick, G. H. Prescott
Chief Engineer - J.
Follansbee
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
J. E. Fox
2nd Asst Engineer - J.
Van Hovenbury, John Everding
3rd Asst Engineer -
Everett Battelle, F. C. Burchard
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
B. F. Lewis, Thomas Connor
Boatswain - J. A. Selmer
Gunner - D. A. Roe
Carpenter - John Mills
U.S.S. Kansas - Lieutenant Commander P. G. Watmough
Crew - Acting
Master - Samuel Hall, E. S. Goodwin, W. S. Folson
Acting
Ensign - G. C. Williams, C. D. Thompson, C. B. Staples
Asst
Surgeon - Isaac Poole
Asst
Paymaster - T. Merritt
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - Hugh Rafferty
Act
3rd Asst Engineer - J. W. Scott, G. L.
King, George B. Stone
U.S.S. Lillian -
Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Thomas A. Harris
Crew - Acting
Master - J. S. Gilett
Acting
Ensign - William C. Underhill, Joseph H. Clark, T. B. Tucker Jr. J. G. Lloyd
Acting
Master’s Mate - J. P. Sturgeon
Act
Asst Surgeon - Charles Tturdevant
Act
Asst Paymaster - Herman Dorr
Act
2nd Asst Engineer - J. C. Mockabee, H. W. Moore, David Morris
Act
3rd Asst Engineer - Henry Greatorex, T. J. Foster, A. T. Donegan
U.S.S. Little
Ada - Acting Master S. P. Crafts
Crew - Acting Ensign - I. F. Atk ins
Acting Master’s Mate -
W. H. Joseph, G. W. Lane
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
W. H. Johnson
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
B. Converse, J. R. Peterson
U.S.S. Mackinaw - Commander J. C. Beaumont
Crew - Acting Master - A. J. Louch
Acting Ensign - W. H.
Penfield, J. F. Blanchard, Joseph Estes
Act Asst Surgeon - J. F.
Cottrell
Act Asst Paymaster - W.
T. Whittemore
Act Master’s Mate - J.
A. Thomas, Solomon Barstow, E. K. Green
1st Asst Engineer -
Jefferson Young
2nd Asst Engineer - D.
A. Sawyer
3rd Asst Engineer - R.
W. sMilligan, Sylvanus McIntire
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
Patrick Hagan, J. W. Reed
Acting Gunner - Thomas
Keer
U.S.S. Mahopac - Lieutenant Commander A. W. Weaver
Crew - Acting Master - C. R. Harris,
D. K. Kennison
Acting Ensign - J. E.
Jones, W. E. Jones, S. C. Holm
Asst Surgeon - F. B. A.
Lewis
Act Asst Paymaster -
Addison Pool
Acting Chief Engineer -
M. . Chevers
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
Charles Dougherty
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
Wesley Randall
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
J. G. Brown, C. A. Enggren, C. O. Putnam, J. W. Buell
U.S.S. Malvern (FLAG-SHIP) - Lieutenant B. H. Porter
Crew - Acting Master - J. A.
Hamilton, John Price
Acting Ensign - George
Leonard, John Hill, G. E. Kidder
Act Master’s Mate - W.
F. Horton, Henry Gardiner, A. M. Lyon, W. D. Cobb Jr.
Asst Surgeon - J. S.
Ramsedy
Act Asst Paymaster - A. B.
Poor
Act 1st Asst Engineer -
W. E. Moore
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
J. J. Ashmen, F. J. Hadley
3rd Asst Engineer - Owen
Jones
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
Edwin Bond, A. H. Perry, William Finn
Sub-Asst Engineer -J. S.
Bradfort
U.S.S. Maratanza - Lieutenant Commander G. W. Young
Crew - Acting Master - D. E. Taylor,
J. B. Wood Jr.
Acting Ensign - J. W.
Crowell, H. H. Collamore, E. Lawson
Act Master’s Mate - W.
H. Alter, A. F. Williamson, George E.
Chipmen, C. H. Crossman
Act Asst Surgeon - J. W.
Hamilton
Act Asst Paymaster - C.
H. Noyes
2nd Asst Engineer - W.
H. Kilpatrick, R. L. Webb
3rd Asst Engineer - L.
R. Harvey, R. D. Taylor
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
E. J. Gillespie, J. L. Starkey
Acting Gunner - W. W.
Bradley
U.S.S. Maumee - Lieutenant Commander Ralph Chandler
Crew - Acting Master - Richard Burk
Acting Ensign - E. R.
Powers, W. J. Shackford, C. P. Gifford, C. B. Nichols
Act Asst Surgeon - D. P.
Goodhue
Act Asst Paymaster - J.
H. Smoot
2nd Asst Engineer - T.
J. McK. Daniels
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
William Veitch
3rd Asst Engineer - J.
M. Clark, C. R. Mosher, G. A. Pfeltz
U.S.S. Minnesota - Commodore Joseph Lauman
Crew- Lieutenant Commander - James Parker
Lieutenant - M. S. Stuyvesant, E. T.
Woodward
Passed Assistant Surgeon - J. P. Quinn
Assistant Surgeon - William Longshaw (K), W. S. Fort
Paymaster - C. C. Upham
USMC - Captain George Butler, Lieutenant
G. M. Welles
Acting Master - Theo. Werhof
Acting Ensign - W. C. Wise, J. W. Willard, James Bertwisle (W)
Acting Ensign F. A.
O’Connor (W), Acting Ensign W. H. Jennings,
Acting Master’s Mate - J. M. Simms (W), Fallas Eager, J. Amos Merill
Acting Chief Engineer - A. R. Eddowes
Acting 1st Assistant
Engineer - J. E. Cooper
2nd Assistant Engineer - Guy Samson, J. C. Cross, H. A. Delius
3rd Assistant Engineer - J. D. Lee, J. C. Kafer, W. H. Mott
Pilot -
F. C. Fowler
Boatswain - William Bunker
Gunner -
R. H. Cross
Carpenter - A. O. Goodsoe
Sailmaker - T. O.
Fassett
U.S.S. Moccasin - Acting Ensign James Brown
Crew - Acting Master’s Mate - Joseph
Fuller, John Johnson, J. S. Sinclair
Act 2nd Asst Engineer -
T. T. Archer
Act 3rd Asst Engineer -
C. H. Wilson, W. H. Garrecht, W. B. Boyd
U.S.S. Mohican - Commander Daniel Ammen
Crew - Lieutenant - J. D. Marvin