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ALOUETTE II
SPACE RESEARCH
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DATE OF ISSUE - 5th January, 1966
DESIGNED BY - Canadian Bank Note Co. COLOUR: - Blue SIZE - 1 3/16" x 1" (approximately) PLATE NOS. - 1 PANES OF - 100 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 26,000,000
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
Alouette II, the focus of the design used on this stamp, is Canada's newest statellite. It was launched recently from a site in California, and was designed to augment and extend the work of the first Canadian statellite, Alouette I, which was launched on September 29th, 1962 and is still operating. Alouette II has been substantially modified to provide added reliability and for adaptation to a new orbit. While Alouette I followed a circular orbit, the path of Alouette II is elliptical, and is substantially higher at certain points than its predecessor.
The Canadian statellites have four primary purposes; to measure the hour-to-hour electron densities of the ionosphere directly below the statellites, to determine the electron densities at the height of the statellites, to listen to the very-low-frequency noise in the frequency range of 1 to 10 kc/s and to measure primary cosmic ray particles outside the earth's atmosphere, including electrons, protons and alpha particles. An additional experiment has been designed by the United States National Aeronautical and Space Administration for Alouette II. It involves an electron probe to determine the temperature of electrons in the vicinity of the orbiting statellite. Alouette II's two antennas have been developed to do these particular jobs. One measures 240 feet from tip to tip, the other 75 feet.
FLORAL EMBLEM SERIES
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Date of issue - 19th January, 1966
Designed by - the Canadian Bank Note Co. Ltd. Colours: -
Size 1 1/2" x 1" (Approximately) Panes of - 50 Stamps
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
The floral emblem stamps of the twin prairie provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, which entered Confederation in 1905, are appropriately being issued together. The history of these prosperous provinces is linked in many ways.
In 1691 the verse-writing explorer, Henry Kelsey, became the first white man to reach Saskatchewan and the eastern part of Alberta. In 1754-55 Alexander Henday explored the North, and in 1792-93 Peter Fidler explored the South Saskatchewan River. Both branches of the Saskatchewan form Canada's fourth longest river.
In 1821, the feuding Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Company joined to continue a peaceful but systematic and more profitable fur trade in these western lands.
Sovereignty over the Northwest Territories, as the areas of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba were then known, was transferred from the Hudson's Bay Company to the Government of the new Dominion of Canada in 1870. Twelve years later, the Districts of Saskatchewan and Alberta were created. Then, in 1885, the Northwest rebellion broke out and the march toward provincial status began. The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad in 1885 heralded the beginning of an inrush of settlers to the prairies which reached its peak in the years before World War 1. With the homesteaders came the more insistent cry for provincial status. The federal government then created in 1905, the two provinces which celebrated their Diamond Jubilee in 1965, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
Saskatchewan's capital, Regina, became the headquarters of the North West Mounted Police in 1882 and the provincial capital in 1906. From this city is administered a province rich in wheat and other grains, copper, zinc, petrleum, natural gas, uranium, salt and potash.
The prairie lily, Lilium philadelphieum was officially adopted as Saskatchewan's emblem in 1941.
The founders of St. Augustus (Edmonton) little imagined in 1794 that their fort would become in 1906, the capital of the province of Alberta. This province has progressed, too, from those pioneer days of 1874 and 1875 when the Royal North West Mounted Police established Fort Macleod and Fort Calgary. Today Alberts is known for such products as grains, cattle, oil, natural gas and coal.
The wild rose, Rosa acicularia became Alberta's provincial floral emblem in 1930 after it was chosen through a vote by provincial school children.
NEWFOUNDLAND
FLORAL EMBLEM SERIES
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DATE OF ISSUE - 23 February, 1966
DESIGNED BY - Canadian Bank Note Co. Ltd COLOURS: - Green, Red and Black SIZE - 1 1/2" x 1" (Approximately) PLATE NOS. - 1. PANES OF - 50 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 24,000,000
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
The floral emblem on this stamp honours Newfoundland, Canada's 10th Province, which entered Confederation in 1949. The pitcher plant or Indian Dipper, Sarracenia purpurea, was officially adopted as Newfoundland's floral emblem in 1954.
Newfoundland's history has been as romantic and varied as its place names; Heart's Content, Spaniard's Bay, Cupids, Fleur-de-Lys, and Topsail. By 1011 A.D., it is estimated, hardy Norsemen had visited and vanished from the Labrador coast.
The English West Country fishermen, who were destined to exert a strong influence on Newfoundland's development, arrived at the cod-rich Grand Banks about 1450. In 1497, John Cabot claimed sovereignty over Newfoundland for England.
The rivalry between France and England for jurisdiction over the shores of Newfoundland and Labrador was foreshadowed by the establishment in 1610 of the first permanent English settlement at St. John's and by the founding of the first permanent French colony on Placentia Bay in 1662. British sovereignty over the Newfoundland-Labrador area was not assured until about 1815.
Throughout its early history, settlement had been discouraged in Newfoundland. It was not until 1824 that Britain recognized Newfoundland as a colony, not merely a fishing outpost. Representative government was set up at this time.
Expansion seemed to be the watchword until 1892 when a fire virtually destroyed the city of St. John's. The Newfoundlanders began to rebuild. The golden promises of future development were, however, soon dashed. Newfoundland's contribution to World War I was immense. The Royal Newfoundland Regiment suffered casualties to 80% of its membership in battle. Partly because of the enormous war effort and unfavourable economic conditions, Newfoundland began, in 1934, 15 years of commission government supervised by Britain. In World War II, Newfoundland became an important allied defence centre. After the war, in 1948, a referendum on the question of federal union with Canada was approved by the population. Newfoundland entered Confederation on March 31st, 1949.
Its best known resource is fish, such as lobster, herring, halibut and cod, which are caught off the most extensive fishing grounds in the world, the Grand Banks. The province has a great hydro-electric potential, large deposits of minerals such as iron ore, zinc, lead and copper and extensive forest lands.
FLORAL EMBLEM SERIES
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DATE OF ISSUE - 23rd March, 1966
DESIGNED BY - The Canadian Bank Note Co. Ltd. COLOUR & PLATE NOS.
SIZE - 1 1/2" x 1" (approximately) NO. OF STAMPS PER PANE - 50 QUANTITY ORDERED - 14,000,000 of each
Issued by Authority of the Postmaster General |
The Yukon, land of the midnight sun, and the Northwest Territories, a modern day frontier, are honoured by stamps commemorating their floral emblems. The fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) is the emblem of the Yukon, while the mountain avens is the emblem of the Northwest Teritories.
During the 300 years after 1000 A.D., Norsemen were landing on the shores of the eastern Arctic. The 1577 English claim to Baffin Island was made by Sir Martin Frobisher. The ill-fated Henry Hudson sailed into Hudson Bay in 1610 and in 1689 Henry Kelsey made the first overland expedition to the territories. Great Slave Lake, the upper Mackenzie, and the Liard Rivers were discovered by the notorious Peter Pond in 1779-80. Alexander Mackenzie, for whom Canada's longest river is named, traversed the lower reaches of the Mackenzie to the Arctic Ocean in 1789. Sir John Franklin explored 2,000 miles of Arctic coastline before he was lost at sea in 1857. It was not until 1903-6 that the North West Passage was first navigated by Roald Amundsen. The R.C.M.P. vessel the "St. Roch" sailed this passage both ways between 1940-44.
The North is still being explored. The prospect of large deposits of lead, zinc, tungsten and other metals has encouraged surveys of the mineral potential of the territories.
The Yukon territory comprises 5.4% of Canada's area. Within its borders stands Canada's highest peak, the second highest mountain in North America, Mt. Logan. It was furs, not the promise of a North West Passage, which attracted men to the Yukon. The Yukon fur trade began about 1842 when the Hudson's Bay Company established Fort Frances, east of present-day Whitehorse. The first gold seekers crossed the treacherous Chilkoot Pass in 1878 and began the search which was to culminate at the turn of the century in the great Klondike gold rush.
The Yukon's truly golden year was 1896 when G.W. Carmack made a gold strike on Bonanza Creek and the rush began. In 1913 another profitable mineral development was begun - the silver-lead mine at Keno Hill. The Yukon today is a major producer of silver, lead, gold and furs. The stereotyped image of the north held by residents in Canada's southern cities is being changed. Canadians are surprised to learn that centres such as Frobisher Bay (on Baffin Island) and Pine Point (on the south shore of Great Slave Lake) have conveniences such as schools, hospitals, banks, hotels, taxis and modern homes. Whitehorse, Yellowknife, Churchill and Dawson, all well established towns, provide homes and supplies for miners, trappers and oil drillers in the north.
LA SALLE
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DATE OF ISSUE - 13th April, 1966
DESIGN - Brigdens Limited, Toronto COLOUR - Green SIZE 1 1/2" x 1" (approximately) vertical
PLATES Nos. - 1 PANES OF - 50 STAMPS QTY. OF STAMPS ORDERED - 24,000,000
Issued by Authority of THE POSTMASTER GENERAL OF CANADA |
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle is the latest to be featured in the series of commemorative stamps honouring famous Canadian explorers. The date of issue of this stamp was chosen to coincide with the three hundredth anniversary of the arrival of La Salle in Canada.
In 1666, La Salle first stepped on the soil of New France - his home base for the next twenty years. La Salle was born and educated in France, and under the aegis of the church had taught until 1666. At the age of 23 a desire for the life of an adventurer, explorer and trader in the New World brought him to Montreal.
Upon arrival, he obtained a grant of land at La Chine - a name ironically derived from his lifelong effort to find a western passage to China. But La Salle was too restless to settle permanently, and soon began the series of exploration trips that were to lead him ultimately to the mouth of the Mississippi.
In 1669, a fur trading and exploration mission took him to the Ohio River. In 1673, La Salle was appointed by Frontenac, then Governor of New France, to supervise the building of Fort Frontenac, which occupied the site of present-day Kingston. Later he obtained the command of this fort, and on a trip to France in 1677, he brought back settlers and artisans to assist in the development of Fort Frontenac.
During these years, he obtained a monopoly of the fur trade in the Mississippi valley, and in 1672, began his search for the mouth of the Mississippi. In 1682 he reached his goal, and was made governor of this new territory of "Louisiana" by the French Government.
Throughout his career, La Salle was plagued with bad luck. In 1679, for example, the ship "The Griffin", bearing a cargo of furs from Green Bay, Wisconsin, and which was intended to pay La Salle's creditors at Montreal, was lost. La Salle was constantly worried by merchant rivals, who resented his monopoly and by the English, who feared encirclement. In 1689 occured another - and final - burst of bad luck. On a return expedition from France, he proceeded too far west, and missed the mouth of the Mississippi. On an overland attempt to reach home, René Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle was assassinated by one of his own men.
The stamp honouring this adventurer and explorer was designed to feature a rendering of La Salle against a background of the symbols of his life's work. Of large size and vertical format, the stamp pictures a map of seventeenth century Canada, a spyglass, ship, and La Salle himself. Designed by Brigdens Limited, a Toronto graphic arts firm, it has been steel line intaglio engraved by the Canadian Bank Note Company in tones of green.
HIGHWAY SAFETY
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DATE OF ISSUE - 2nd May, 1966.
DESIGNED BY - Helen Fitzgerald, Toronto COLOUR: - Black, Blue and Yellow SIZE - 1 3/16" x 1" (approximately) PLATES NOS. - 1. PANES OF - 100 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 26,000,000
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
The Post Office Department of Canada issues this 5¢ Highway Safety Stamp as a contribution to the cause of safety on the nation's roads.
Coinciding with the day of issue, 2nd May 1966, delegates to the Canadian Highway Safety Council will meet in Calgary, Alberta, for the Council's 12th Annual Conference, devoting their talents to a cause which should be everyone's concern.
Two years ago, traffic accidents killed, injured or caused property damage throughout the year at a pace of one mishap every one and a half minutes. These accidents resulted in fatal injuries every two hours and caused bodily injuries every four minutes for the full twelve-month period.
Founded in 1955, the C.H.S.C. has statistics showing three out of four traffic deaths occur within twenty-five miles of the victim's home, moreover, half of the injury or death dealing accidents occur at 40 miles per hour, or less, thereby pointing up the need to install and use seat belts even for short drives. The council stresses the need for an equal awareness of the dangers by drivers, passengers and pedestrians.
Canada's first Highway Safety Stamp, one of a few devoted to this subject in the world, has been selected as a vehicle for another first in the country's philatelic issues. Replacing the familiar visible gum is an improved adhesive, tasteless, and virtually invisible to the casual observer. It has proved to have superior adhesive qualities during the several years it has been used in North America on various labels and stickers. Manufactured under the trade name of "DAVAC", the new adhesive does not react to the humidity factor in the air as do other glues.
LONDON CONFERENCE
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DATE OF ISSUE - 26th May, 1966
DESIGNED BY - Paul Panderson of COLOUR: - Brown SIZE - 1 1/2" x 1" (Approximately) PLATES NOS - 1. PANES OF - 50 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 24,000,000
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
This five-cent commemorative stamp issued by the Canada Post Office in a pre-centennial programme has been designed to focus attention on the 100th Anniversary of the London Conference which was the third major assembly leading to eventual Confederation in1867.
The historical event recalled by this stamp was convened in England on the 4th December 1866 to negotiate final details for the establishment of the new Dominion and to persuade the British Government to enact necessary legislation to permit founding of the fledgling nation.
A delegation of six from Canada and five each from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick included John A. Macdonald, George Etienne Cartier, Charles Tupper and Samuel Leonard Tilley all of whom eventually received knighthoods in recognition of services to their country. With Hewitt Bernard acting in the capacity of Secretary they gathered under the chairmanship of John A. Macdonald at the Westminster Palace Hotel to formulate a draft statute for the British North America Act which was substantially based on the 72 resolutions written at the earlier Quebec Conference.
Continuous negotiations for 20 days resulted in the need for an adjournment to observe Christmas; on reconvening after the recess agreement was reached on final proposals.
Approval by the British Government was followed quickly by Royal Assent by Her Majesty Queen Victoria on the 29th March 1867. Implementation of the act was delayed for some months but on the 1st July 1867 Canada became United as the "Dominion of Canada".
The London Conference stamp, rendered in tones of brown, was designed by Paul Pederson of Brigdens of Winnipeg Limited. It portrays on the left the House of Commons on the River Thames, London, towards which faces a group of delegates in attendance at the historic conference. The design has been steel line intaglio engraved by the Canadian Bank Note Company, Ottawa whose facilities will be used to print the full issue.
CANADA COAT OF ARMS
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DATE OF ISSUE - 30th June, 1966
DESIGNED BY - Canadian Bank Note Co. Ltd. COLOUR: - Red and Blue SIZE - 1 1/2" x 1" (Approximately) PLATES NOS - 1. PANES OF - 50 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 24,000,000
Issued by authority of the Postmaster General |
This stamp is the final release in the series begun in 1964 with the issue of the Maple Leaf "Unity" stamp. Stamps bearing the provincial armorial bearings and floral emblems of all ten provinces plus the Yukon and Northwest Territories were issued in the order in which they entered Confederation. The Canada Coat of Arms stamp is a logical culmination to a series designed to lead up to the Centenary of Canada's Confederation.
On November 21, 1921, King George V issued a proclamation which established Canada's Coat of Arms. This ended over half a century of indecision concerning the final appearance of the Canadian Coat of Arms. In 1868, a design for the Great Seal of Canada, incorporating the Arms of the four original provinces in the Dominion was devised and introduced extensively as an emblem. When the Arms of the five additional provinces were added, the resulting product was unattractive and cluttered. Consequently, a unified design was prepared and approved in 1921.
The shield bears the Royal Arms of England, Scotland, Ireland and those of France. Three maple leaves conjoined appear below. The British Lion, holding the Union Jack stands to the left, and the Unicorn, holding the French fleur de lis to the right. On the bottom appears the Canadian motto: "A Mari usque ad Mare", or "From sea to sea".
The maple leaf which appears to the right of the Canadian Coat of Arms, was chosen for the central element of the national flag on February 15, 1965. However, it has been a Canadian symbol since before Confederation. The maple leaf has appeared in heraldic history since 1868, when Queen Victoria gave "armorial ensigns" to Quebec and Ontario, based on a sprig of three maple leaves. The maple leaf employed today has eleven points, and was designed for easy recognition as the emblem of Canada.
This final stamp in the provincial emblem series was prepared and produced by the Canadian Bank Note Company, and was printed in red and blue by the intaglio steel engraving process.
PEACEFUL USES OF
ATOMIC ENERGY
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DATE OF ISSUE - 27th July, 1966
DESIGNED BY - A.L. Pollock, Toronto COLOUR: - Blue SIZE - 1 1/2" x 1" (Approximately) PLATES NOS - 1. PANES OF - 50 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 24,000,000
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With the issue of this stamp, the Post Office Department pays tribute to the effort being made by world scientists towards the development of peaceful uses of atomic energy.
The role of Canada in this world endeavour is considerable. Canadian scientists for example, are working in the fields of materials science and in engineering research. Work is being done in biology and health physics, in the development of cancer therapy units, and on the biollogical effects of radiation. Physicists at remote northern points are involved in the International Quiet Sun Years Programme, with the aim of studying variations in intensity of cosmic rays during this period of minimum activity of the sun. From Point Pelee, Ontario, to Alert, N.W.T., in isolated communities and in metropolitan centres, Canadian scientists are attempting to create new ways to utilize the powerful forces of atomic energy.
One of the most heralded uses of atomic energy has been in the field of electricity generation. It has been conservatively estimated that demand for electricity will increase twenty times within the next five years, and as a result, nuclear power stations are acknowledged to be among the prime sources of future electricity.
Naturally enough, researchers over the world have developed different types of nuclear reactors to produce electric power. For her part, Canada has followed a route of power reactor development that is uniquely different from the major programs in most other nuclear advanced countries; a system based on the use of natural uranium fuel, and heavy water as a moderator and coolant.
This year, the large-scale production of nuclear-electric power in Canada becomes a reality, as the Douglas Point Nuclear Power Station goes into operation. The first full-scale nuclear power plant in the country, the Douglas Point has a reactor known by the code name CANDU, or Canadian Deuterium Uranium.
The Douglas Point station, located in Ontario on the shores at Lake Huron, can produce 200,000 kilowatts of electricity from one unit - enough to supply a city the size of Ottawa. And its use is not limited to basic electricity production. As a full-scale prototype, it is a forerunner of even larger stations such as the Pickering Generating Station; a million kilowatt nuclear power station scheduled for completion in 1970-72.
The CANDU principle has been employed in a reactor being built in India, and plans are being made for a heavy water reactor of a similar type at Karachi, Pakistan.
Today, the station at Douglas Point stands as a tangible symbol of the potentiality of atomic energy as a source of much-needed power, and as an example of the contribution that atomic energy, applied to peaceful ends, can make to the world.
This stamp features synbols of some of the major contributions Canada is making to atomic energy research. A stylized representation of the Douglas Point Nuclear Station is shown, together with a microscope symbolizing research, and the chemical symbol for a heavy water atom. In the upper left corner is the dove of peace emphasizing the purpose to which this development is devoted.
COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY
ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE
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DATE OF ISSUE - 8th September, 1966
DESIGNED BY - Brigdens, Winnipeg, Man. COLOUR: - Purple SIZE - 7/8" x 1" (approximately) PLATES NOS - 1. PANES OF - 100 Stamps QUANTITY ORDERED - 26,000,000
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Issuance of this 5¢ commemorative stamp coincides with the opening date of the 12th General Conference of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association during which, until its conclusion on the 5th of October, representative Members of Parliament from Commonwealth Governments will meet in Ottawa for discussions of mutual interest.
The history of the Association extends to 1911 when an historic assemblage of Members of the Parliaments of the Dominions gathered in London, England, for the Coronation of His Majesty King George V. At that time the conferees agreed to the formation of an Association having as its object the establishment of permanent machinery to facilitate the exchange of information and viewpoints.
Originally designated the Empire Parliamentary Association, the organization was comprised of Branches in each of the self-governing Dominions. Constitutional developments of far-reaching importance during the first 35 years of the Association's existence resulted in a recognized need for revision of its Constitution, therefore, on the basis of a Resolution passed by the Canadian Branch on the 5th February 1948, the matter was laid before a Conference in London, England, during October 1948. The draft of the new Constitution, including the change of name to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, was accordingly prepared at a meeting in Ottawa, in May 1949. Final ratification of the amended Constitution occurred at a General Meeting of the Association during November 1950. Continued modifications have been made through the years in an appreciation of constitutional changes.
In dedicating its existence to serving Parliamentarians, and, through them, the Commonwealth, the Association has as its stated aims the promotion of contact and understanding among Members of Parliament, who, irrespective of race or religion, nationality or culture, are united in a community interest, respect for the rule of law, rights of the individual citizen, and the positive ideals of Parliamentary Democracy.
This commemorative stamp, designed by Brigdens of Winnipeg Limited, features an unusual view of the historic Parliamentary Library in Ottawa symbolizing the working of Parliamentary Government which is the primary concern of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. Engraving and printing was performed by the Canadian Bank Note Company Limited, Ottawa.
CHRISTMAS 1966
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DATE OF ISSUE - 12 October, 1966
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For the third consecutive year, the Canada Post Office is issuing a special set of two postage stamps especially designed for the Christmas season. The Christmas stamps are issued in October, and unlike regular commemoratives, these stamps have a relatively long period of sale at local Post Offices. A five cent and a three cent denomination have been issued, and both have been designed to contribute to the season by extending the Christmas spirit to the holiday mail.
This year's Christmas stamps were designed by Geoffrey Holloway, of Arnott Rogers Batten Ltd. of Montreal. The stamp bears as its central feature a reproduction of Albrecht Dürer's drawing "Betente Hände", or "Praying Hands".
Dürer, who lived from 1471 to 1528 was a great German Renaissance painter, engraver, woodcut and decorative designer. He was a master particularly of woodcut and copperplate engraving, and among his most widely known works of this type are the engravings "St. Jerome and His Study" and the "Prodigal Son". Dürer's talents included painting, scientific engraving and drawing as well. A prime example of the latter is the expressive work which appears on these stamps.
The drawing shows the gnarled hands of an elderly man, held in prayer. The rendering is simple in concept, yet infinitely detailed. It expresses without pretension, man's acknowledgement of his blessings, and the spirit of Christmas.
The story goes that as a young man, Dürer travelled with a friend who was also an artist; both seeking success in their chosen craft. In deference to what he felt was Dürer's greater talent, his friend offered to work at physical labour, in order to support them both, until Dürer could succeed in becoming a well-known artist and engraver. It took many years, and by the time Dürer was an acknowledged master, his friend was too worn physically to continue his own career. One day, Dürer saw him at prayer. The result was this drawing - a poignant representation of the work-worn hands of a humble and devoted man.
The stamps, both of the same design, are of small size, and depict a Christmas star, the praying hands, the words "Noël", "Christmas", "Canada", and the denomination. The five cent denomination is orange in colour, and the three cent value has been issued in rose. The stamps were printed by the intaglio steel engraving method and produced for the Canada Post Office by the Canadian Bank Note Company, Ottawa.
