14- Fruit Disease:

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="06200640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <B>  |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id74.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="1 Mycology Research:"><U>1- Mycology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id75.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="2 Virology and Mycoplasma:"><U>2- Virology and Mycoplasma:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id76.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3 Nematology Research:"><U>3- Nematology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id77.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="4 Bacteriology Research:"><U>4- Bacteriology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id79.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="5Post Harvest Disease:"><U>5-Post Harvest Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id116.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="6 Integrated Control Research:"><U>6- Integrated Control Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id83.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="7 Seed Pathology:"><U>7- Seed Pathology:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id85.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="8 Cereal Disease:"><U>8- Cereal Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id88.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="9 Rice Disease:"><U>9- Rice Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id90.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="10 Cotton and Fiber Crop Disease:"><U>10- Cotton and Fiber Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id92.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="11 Maize and Sugar Crop Disease:"><U>11- Maize and Sugar Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id94.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="12 Food Legume and Forage Crop Disease:"><U>12- Food Legume and Forage Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id96.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="13 Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:"><U>13- Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <B>14- Fruit Disease:</B>   |   <A HREF="id100.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="15 Vegetable Disease:"><U>15- Vegetable Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id101.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="16 Ornamental Plant Disease:"><U>16- Ornamental Plant Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id119.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="1 Information and Computer Center:"><U>1- Information and Computer Center:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id105.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="2 Fingerprinting Lab.:"><U>2- Fingerprinting  Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id107.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3 Central Lab.:"><U>3- Central Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id109.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="4 Disease Forecast Unit:"><U>4- Disease Forecast Unit:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id121.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="5 Cell Manipulation Lab.:"><U>5- Cell Manipulation Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id123.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="6 Colonal Lab.:"><U>6- Colonal Lab.:</U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#0000BF" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#CCFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I><B>14- Fruit Disease:</B></I></div> <div> <B>      A-</B><A HREF="id97.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="14 Fruit Disease:"><U><B> Section Staff</B></U></A><B>:</B></div> <div> <B>- Number of section staff is </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>29</B></FONT><B> members.</B></div> <div> <B>      B- Activities:</B></div> <div> <B>- Studying the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of diseases attacking fruit and woody tree, including predictions of disease losses and epidemics.</B></div> <div> <B>- Designing integrated control methods for economically important diseases.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Aria006c002d00f044444400.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Examining imported plant materials to protect Egyptian agriculture from the introduction of new diseases. </B></div> <div> <B>C- Achievement:</B></div> <div> <B>Fruit production is an essential part of Egyptian agriculture. In the last decade efforts by PPATHRI have resulted in major breakthroughs on many fruit disease problems. Listed below are five examples:</B></div> <div> <B>- Apricot fruit dropping disease</B></div> <div> <B>-  Wilt and root diseases of apple and pear</B></div> <div> <B>- Mango fruit dropping disease</B></div> <div> <B>- Blossom blight of mango</B></div> <div> <B>- Banana wilt disease</B></div> <div> <B>   During March 1992, in Qualubia governorate, apricot fruit dropping disease was first observed. The set of causal fungi were found to be </B><I><B>Botrytis cinerea,</B></I><B> first invading after the fruit set, followed infections by </B><I><B>Alternaria </B></I><B>and </B><I><B>Fusarium </B></I><B>sp. Chemical controls have been successfully adopted to reduce original losses of up to 40% to now negligible levels.</B></div> <div> <B>Ongoing disease surveys have indicated a spread of wilt and root rot diseases of apple and pear over large areas in Egypt from 1985 through 1987. Survey data indicated that the percentage of infection was variable dependent on cultivar and seedling age. Research identified the set of causal fungi, including </B><I><B>Fusarium </B></I><B>sp., </B><I><B>Sclerotium rolfsii </B></I><B>(in apple) </B><I><B>Rhizoctonia solani </B></I><B>(in pear) and </B><I><B>Phomopsis pinicola</B></I><B>. Tests indicated that all cultivars were susceptible to infection and developed disease symptoms. Effective chemical control includes soil disinfestation and seedling treatment. The disease now has been reduced to zero when combined treatments are used and 5% when a soil drench of thiophenate methyl is used.</B></div> <div> <B>Mango fruit dropping disease, caused by the fungus </B><I><B>Fusarium oxysporum </B></I><B>was responsible for 8 to 85% losses depending on the susceptibility of the cultivars. It was found that `Hendy Bezra' was moderately resistant and `Zebda' was very resistant to the fungus. Currently, spraying copper compounds and thiocarbamates successfully controls the disease. Average disease losses have now dropped to 5 to 10%.</B></div> <div> <B>Another important disease of mango called blossom blight can be responsible for up to 94% losses depending on the cultivar. This disease is caused by a series of fungal pathogens. Although the cultivars `Awase' and `Alfonse' were found to be moderately susceptible and `Hendy Bezra' even less susceptible, specific sprays are the accepted and widespread method of control.</B></div> <div> <B>The area affected by banana wilt disease has recently expanded, causing widespread damage, as indicated by disease surveys. The causal organism, </B><I><B>Fusarium oxysporum</B></I><B>, has been isolated from infected internal tissues of </B><I><B>Pseudostems</B></I><B> and corms. Data indicated that the root knot nematode, </B><I><B>Meloidogyne incognita, </B></I><B>is associated with the disease and can increase the symptoms of wilt infection. Most commercially used cultivars appear susceptible during tests, and chemical control prior to disease establishment gives better results than curative applications.</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id98_m.htm" TITLE="14 Fruit Disease:"><U><B><IMG SRC="1d94d320.gif" border=0 width="77" height="50" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U><B><IMG SRC="1ae1e1e0.gif" border=0 width="30" height="30" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <div> <B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0033" FACE="Arial Black" ><B>Back</B></FONT><B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial Black" ><B>To</B></FONT><B> Home</B></div> </td> </tr></table></body>