13- Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="06200640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <B>|     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id74.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="1 Mycology Research:"><U>1- Mycology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id75.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="2 Virology and Mycoplasma:"><U>2- Virology and Mycoplasma:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id76.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3 Nematology Research:"><U>3- Nematology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id77.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="4 Bacteriology Research:"><U>4- Bacteriology Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id79.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="5Post Harvest Disease:"><U>5-Post Harvest Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id116.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="6 Integrated Control Research:"><U>6- Integrated Control Research:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id83.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="7 Seed Pathology:"><U>7- Seed Pathology:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id85.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="8 Cereal Disease:"><U>8- Cereal Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id88.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="9 Rice Disease:"><U>9- Rice Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id90.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="10 Cotton and Fiber Crop Disease:"><U>10- Cotton and Fiber Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id92.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="11 Maize and Sugar Crop Disease:"><U>11- Maize and Sugar Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id94.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="12 Food Legume and Forage Crop Disease:"><U>12- Food Legume and Forage Crop Disease:</U></A>   |   <B>13- Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:</B>   |   <A HREF="id98.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="14 Fruit Disease:"><U>14- Fruit Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id100.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="15 Vegetable Disease:"><U>15- Vegetable Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id101.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="16 Ornamental Plant Disease:"><U>16- Ornamental Plant Disease:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id119.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="1 Information and Computer Center:"><U>1- Information and Computer Center:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id105.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="2 Fingerprinting Lab.:"><U>2- Fingerprinting  Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id107.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3 Central Lab.:"><U>3- Central Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id109.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="4 Disease Forecast Unit:"><U>4- Disease Forecast Unit:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id121.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="5 Cell Manipulation Lab.:"><U>5- Cell Manipulation Lab.:</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id123.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="6 Colonal Lab.:"><U>6- Colonal Lab.:</U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#0000BF" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#CCFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I><B>13- Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:</B></I></div> <div> <B>     A- </B><A HREF="id95.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="13 Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:"><U><B>Section Staff</B></U></A><B>:</B></div> <div> <B>- Number of section staff is </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>35</B></FONT><B> members.</B></div> <div> <B>     B- Activities:</B></div> <div> <B>- Surveying and identifying important diseases attacking onion, garlic and oil crops, with an emphasis on white rot, smut and basal rot of onion, seed and pod rot of groundnut, and root rot wilt of sesame.</B></div> <div> <B>- Participating in breeding programs to develop resistance cultivars by conducting pathological tests and searching for sources of resistance.</B></div> <div> <B>- Developing control methods for diseases with out using pesticides.</B></div> <div> <B>C- Achievement:</B></div> <div> <B>In 1992, yellowing and dieback symptoms of Chinese garlic were observed in many fields. </B><I><B>Penicillium </B></I><B>sp. Were isolated from the affected plants. Research is currently underway to consider possible management strategies in the future. Other research areas of importance to this group include purple blotch. Factors investigated include the number of irrigation times, date of sowing, and method of planting. It has been found that reducing the number of irrigation times during the growing season not only reduces disease symptoms, but also insures better maturity of garlic and onion at harvest time. Curing for two weeks followed by topping, the practice of leaving 1 to 3 cm of neck material, appears to reduce neck rot disease in storage and shipping. Integrated pest management (IPM) for white rot and neck rot has been conducted by combining chemical control methods of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators and microelements. These treatments have been very successful in reducing infection.</B></div> <div> <B>The oil crops disease branch of the Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease Research Section specializes in disease problems associated with peanut, sesame and sunflower, the economically important oil producing crops of Egypt. Research aimed at identifying resistant varieties has been successful for each crop. Several peanut cultivars including `Giza S' and 'Local 383', among others, appear to be the least susceptible to damping off, root rot and pod rot diseases. `Mutation 48' and `Giza 32' are two sesame cultivar that appearless susceptible to root rot and wilt diseases. The sunflower varieties `Giza1', `Harch', and `Miak' were the least susceptible to seedling damping off and root rot both in field and greenhouse experiments with natural and artificial infections.</B></div> <div> <B>Chemical control studies have identified several seed treatments and rates to control peanut leaf spot and both sesame and sunflower root rot and wilt.</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id96_m.htm" TITLE="13 Onion, Garlic and Oil Crop Disease:"><U><B><IMG SRC="1d6533c0.gif" border=0 width="83" height="60" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U><B><IMG SRC="1ae1e1e0.gif" border=0 width="30" height="30" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <div> <B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0033" FACE="Arial Black" ><B>Back</B></FONT><B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial Black" ><B>To</B></FONT><B> Home</B></div> </td> </tr></table></body>