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Titanic- Ship
Facts
In 1907 White Star Lines commisioned Harland &
Wolf
to build them 3 olympic style ships that were known as
Olympic, Titanic, and Giganic.
The Giganic was later changed to Brittanic and launched
in 1914, sinking 2 years later,
after being commissioned as a hospital ship
and striking a mine during World War I
The Olympic & Titanic were built side by side.
The construction of Titanic began in 1908 and took
three years to build, and more than 14,000 workers
working night and day.
It cost $7.5 Million to build Titanic.
Today it would cost : $ 400,000,000
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" TITANIC QUICK
FACTS "
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 Titanics
Length - 883 Ft. [aprox. 1/6th of a mile long]
[comparable to a 11 story building]
She stood
over 220 feet tall
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Gross
tonnage- 46,329 tons
Net
tonnage- 24,900....
Depth-
59.5 feet
Beam
- 92.5 feet......
Just
one of her anchors weighed 15 tons.
The
Titanic's anchor links weighed 175 pounds
each.
Titanics
Whistle is the largest whistle ever made,
and was recovered in 1993.
She
used 650 tons of coal each day for her 159 furnaces.
Her
Engines-2 reciprocating 4 cylinder,direct acting.
29
Boilers- 24 double ended & 5 single ended.
Fuel
requirements- 825 tons of coal per day
Total
horsepower =46,000 *Top speed- 23 knots
She
had 9 decks- orlop deck,boat deck,A,B,C,D,E,F,G
& below G Boiler rooms.
There
were a total of 1,535 windows /portholes
throughout the decks.
She
was considered the Grandest of all!
a true technology break though in sea travel. |
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TITANIC
PHOTOS
BOILERS- PROPELLERS-ANCHOR CHAINS
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Titanic was licensed to carry 3,500 passengers.
There were aprox. 2,227 aboard her Maiden Voyage,
including the crew.
A successful launch of Titanic's hull took place
May 31, 1911.
She was now ready for Fitting.
[TITANIC COMPLETE AND READY FOR FITTING]
Notice the height of the Poop deck,which is comparible
to an 11 story building. From where many people jumped
into icy freezing waters,when the ship sank.
[OLYMPIC AND TITANIC- APRIL 2, 1912]
Titanic is complete and ready for Sea Trials
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MORE PHOTOS OF TITANIC
BOW SECTION NEAR
COMPLETION
THE STERN NEAR
COMPLETION
GOOD VIEW OF THE ENTIRE
SHIP
TITANIC
Towards the bridge, on starboard side.
To the left is the 2nd class stairwell.
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General Titanic
Info..
Titanic almost had a disaster before the "sinking"
when leaving South Hampton.There were 2 other
ships in port,properly moored. One being the
"New York" But the massive power created by
Titanic caused the mooring's of the New York to snap.
Some of the moorings flew in the crowd,
sounding like gunshots, people fled for fear
they were being shot at.
One on looker was injured. Then the New York began
heading towards Titanic,on a collision course.
The fast thinking, quick actions of Capt Smith
whom ordered:
"Full Astem" created a backwash strong enough
to push the New York away.
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TITANIC BEING
TOWED FROM DOCK BY TUGS
&
NEAR MISS WITH THE NEW YORK
Prior to the maiden voyage none of the crew were
given life boat drills or any training,and no emergency
evacuation plan was arranged, because it was believed
Titanic was indeed" Unsinkable" Before arriving at South
Hampton, the Titanic took a short sea trial. Sometime in
between the trial, and the maiden voyage the binoculars
were misplaced, because of this, the Titanic tragedy
could have quite possibly been avoided.
Titanic was the first ship to use " S.O.S"
The emergency call at the time was "C.Q.D."
[ come quick danger].
That Tragic night Titanic used both.
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The ship "Californian" was less than 20 miles away
when the Titanic was sinking,but had stopped her
engines until conditions were safer to proceed.
But the "Unsinkable"Titanic sped confidently on.
The Californian had seen the white flares being fired,
but at the time, "white" meant stay away,
so they did not procede to aide.
{ this was later brought before the Board of Trade}
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White Star Lines was eager to make good time on Titanic's first
crossing of the Atlantic. If the Californian had responded
to the distress calls, or knew what the flares meant,they could have
came to the rescue, and saved almost everyone on board.
But The Californian never responded...
After striking the Iceberg,
the 52,.310-ton vessel sank in less than 3 hours!
Loyd's of London, the firm which Insured Titanic,
had reasoned that the probability of such an event was
one in a million. The ships specially constructed bulkheads,
[ it was believed]
would check the sea water level,no matter how severe
the ship may be damaged.
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Ships
Facilities
Titanic was built For Luxury indeed!
She was outfitted with stained glass windows, elevators,
wood paneling of the finest woods,Gold plated fixtures,
the finest of everything!
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The most elegant,amazing feature was Titanic's
Grand Staircase
which connected 7 decks! She was spacious, elegant,and majestic indeed.
A huge wrought iron and glass dome hung high overhead
where the natural lighting beamed through, and a
21 light candelabrum provided the lighting.
The elevators were located just foward of the
staircase.
THE GRAND STAIRCASE IN 1ST CLASS
SIDE VIEW
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THE GLASS DOME
The highlight of the staircase was a large carved panel
which contained a clock surrounded by 2 classical cherub figures
symbolizing ,Honor and Glory crowning Time.
CLOSE UP OF THE
CLOCK
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She was the first liner to have a swimming pool called the "Swimming
Bath"
it was an indoor heated salt water pool, and was 6 ft. deep.
Located on the starboard side of F deck, and it extended to the C Deck.
The pool was reserved for the First Class Passengers as follows:
women from 10:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.,
men from 2:00 p.m. -6:00 p.m.
Ticket costs were $1.00 or 4 schillings.
It was open for men free of charge from 6:00 - 9:00 a.m.
SWIMMING BATH
- GYMNASIUM - TURKISH BATHS
A Gymnasium with rowing machines, stationery bike,and mechanical horse.
Squash courts were located on the F Deck, Arabian Turkish bath,
2 Barber Shops with automatic washing and drying appliances
were available for ALL classes.
1st and 2nd class reading room for women,
1st and 2nd class smoking room for men, and 1st and 2nd class
Libraries, a 10,488 sq. ft First Class Dining Saloon that seated 554.
She had an authenic Parsien Cafe' including french waiters,
and the Veranda Cafe' with palm trees.
The food served in 2nd Class dining on the D Deck
was from the same galley as the 1st class dining saloon.
There was a piano in the 3rd class common room,
which was considered a luxury for any ship at that time.
also electric lighting and heating in every state room,
a 5 killowatt Marconi wirelss radio station
for sending and recieving telegrams.
Fees for sending a telegram:
12 shillings and sixpence-$3.12 ( $36.00 today)
for the first 10 words, and 9 pence for each word thereafter.
A total of 250 telegrams were sent and recieved
by passengers during the voyage.
A 50 phone switchboard with an operator for intra- ship calls.
a fully equipped dark room for photgraphers,
and a state of the art infirmary ran by 2 physicians an operating
room,
and a fully equipped Sea Postal Office
{some feel this money could have been spent better elsewere}
{What do You think?}
First Class Reading
Room/Smoking Room/ Lounge
2nd Class Dining
2nd Class Library
2nd Class
Entrance
2nd Class Smoking
Room
3rd Class Common
Room
& Dining/lounge
Barber
Shop.
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Accomodations
2 Parlor Suites each with a 50 foot private promenade
67 First Class State Rooms
some with marble coal burning fireplaces.
_ 2nd Class Cabins
222-3rd Class cabins
Third class cabins were much nicer that that of a
First Class of many other ships of that time.
Third Class accomadations were in the lower part of the ship
also called "steerage" Single men and women were seperated
a full ships length, men in the bow section, women in the stern section.
COST OF
TICKETS
In 1912 on Titanic:
First class ticket
{Berth}-£30
/$150.00
which amounts up to about $1,724.00
today
First Class { Parlor Suite} -
£870 / $
4,350.00
Today-$ 50,000
Second Class- £ 12 /$60.00
Today- $690.00
3rd Class- £3-£8 /$40.00
Today - $172.00- $460.00
J.Astor
paid 50,000 on the C Deck for a parlor suite
The combined financial worth
of the First Class passengers
was valued at around $500 Million!
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VIEW 1ST CLASS
PARLOR SUITES
VIEW 1ST
CLASS STATE ROOMS
2ND CLASS
STATE ROOM /2 PERSON CABIN/ BERTH
3RD CLASS ROOMS
- 2 PERSON BERTH - 4 PERSON BERTH
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THE
TITANICS CARGO MANIFEST
(what all was on board)
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Crews
Salaries
Captain
Smith - Titanic:£105 month
( today that would be about $72.500. a year)
Radio Operator Harold Bride-
£48 month
Lookout: £5 and 5 shillings
Seaman: £5 a month
Steardess: £3 and 10 shillings
month
( today - about $2400 a year )
Steward: £3 and 15 shillings
month
Shipbuilders that built Titanic
: £2= $10.00 a week
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RMS POSTAL
Titanic was much more than the
largest ,most luxurious ship of her time.
Few don't know, or remember ,that she was
also a "Royal Mail Ship." - hence R.M.S. Titanic .
Most of the shipping lines relied heavily upon revenues
generated by Sea Postal contracts in order to survive.
Sea postal clerks were highly skilled and respected Postal Workers
who sorted, cancelled and redistributedthe mail while in transit.
Regarded very highly as the best of the best,
these men on an average sorted over 60,000 letters a day,
making very few, if any mistakes in the process.
Their hard work and efficiency allowed the mail to be
delivered immediately or forwarded directly to other
destinations at the end of a voyage.
American sea post clerks, earned about $1,000 a year.
This was considered a small fortune by the standards of
the times, sea post clerks also traveled aboard luxurious
vessels, took their meals in a separate dining room
and were allotted an allowance for their
board while in a foreign country.
Servicing transatlantic mail was an enormous task.
Roughly 80 million pieces of mail -almost one letter for every
man, woman, and child in the United States at the time ,
was handled by the Sea Post Service, and most entered the
United States through Quarantine Station in New York Harbor.
After World War I, the days of the Sea Post service ended.
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Mail was considered to be very precious cargo.
Steam ship companies and the postal system went
to great lengths to ensure its safe arrival.
Sea Postal clerks were expected to protect the
mail at any cost, including their own lives if need be.
All of Titanic's Sea Postal Clerks shared this total
commitment to their duty and to protect the mail.
During Titanic's sinking, the five clerks fought desperately
to save the mail and giving up any chance of escape.
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MAILBAGS BEING LOADED AT QUEENSTOWN
In all, 3,364 mailbags were brought aboard Titanic
at 3points : its embarkation port at:
Southampton, England (1,758 bags),
at Cherbourg, France (1,412 bags),
and at Queenstown, Ireland (194 sacks)
All before the ship headed for its final destination
of New York City.
LOADING OF MAILBAGS ONTO TITANIC
Before sailing, the clerks carried out the routine tasks
of checking the mail sacks and storing those that did not
require their attention during the voyage.
As Titanic set sail, the five postal workers began sorting
the mail, distributing letters and packages into mailbags
according to their final destination.
They began sorting the mail for New York City
and
other locations in the United States.
Their goal was to prepare Titanic's mail for immediate dispatch
upon arrival at the Quarantine Station in New York Bay,
where all incoming ships were detained for health inspection purposes.
Had Titanic arrived in New York, the mail would have been
well on its way long before Titanic's last passengershad disembarked!!!
In Titanic's final hours, the postal clerks, with
the help of
Steward Albert Theissinger and several others,desperately tried saving
the 200 sacks of registered mail weighing more than 100lbs each,
by dragging them to the upper decks hopefully to safety.
Theissinger was the only survivor that recalled seeing
the postal clerks alive. When he had finally given up
on the suicidal task, the five mail clerks were still frantically
working, waist-deep in freezing water, placing their job
and responsibility even before their own lives!
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AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS
Oscar
Scott
Woody
John Starr March
William
Logan Gwinn
BRITISH POSTAL WORKERS
James
Bertram Williamson
John
Richard Jago Smith
The Titanics 5 postal clerks were celebrating
Oscar Scott Woody's
forty-fourth birthday when their celebration ended.
Realizing something was terribly wrong when Titanic hit the iceberg,
they rushed to the mail sorting room. Finding the starboard hold
already beginning to flood, the clerks opened the registered mail
cage and began removing the registered mailbags.
Grabbing anyone else they could find to join in with the task,
they began hauling as many of the 200 registered mail sacks
as possible to the upper decks.
There is no way of knowing how many of the registered mailbags
were removed from the mailroom before it became completely submerged.
None of the sea postal clerks survived Titanic's fatal
collision.
They each gave their best to attend to their duties, as Sea Postal Clerks,
even in the midst of disaster and knowing their lives were in extreme
jeopardy.
This is in Remembrance of these 5 men, that put their duty before
themselves.
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LifeBoats
Originally the Titanic was to have 32 lifeboats,
She was designed to have 64. But because this many made the
ship look to cluttered, it was lowered to 14- capacity 65
( wooden )
and 2 emergency boats (cutters) capacity- 40
and later added 4 Englehart collapsible boats- capacity 47-49,
total rated capacity=1,178 persons
And even with this capacity only 705 survived.
She also carried 3560 life jackets, and 49 buoys.
Even though Titanic did not even have close to enough lifeboats
for all passengers. she exceeded regulations of the time
for lifeboat numbers and capacity.
Quickly after the Titanic disaster that was changed.
Many of the men gallantly insisted women and children
be allowed in them first. Husbands seperated from their wives and
children and were forced to remain onboard as the ship sank
deeper into the icy waters.
There were acts of cowardice, and half empty lifeboats pulling away.
The First lifeboat to leave #7 had only 20 people in it,
1/3 of its capacity! It had a capacity of 65 people.
Many officers were skeptical of the amount of weight
the davits
could hold because they were never informed of the rigorous testing
that they endured.This is one of the reasons many lifeboats left half full.
Many other boats left half full.
At 12.55a.m., lifeboat No. 6 left
with less than 28 people; Capacity: 65.
No. 5 was lowered with 41 people ; Capacity 65
and no 3. lowered with 32; Capacity 65
Boat No. 1 left with 12 people but had a capacity of
40!!!
LIFE
BOAT OCCUPANCY CHART
There is evidence that points to the fact that
1 passenger
dressed as a woman wearing a shawl,and coverups,
to be allowed on the lifeboats.
The last person rescued was a crew member:
[ a Titanic Steward]
named,Charles
Joughin,
He was rescued from the freezing waters.
One lifeboat went back looking for people in the water,
ONE!!!
and reported seeing no women or children.
The lifeboat waited for the cries to subside before going back,
for fear they may be swamped.They waited too long,...
As the cries died, so did the people...
they were only able to find FOUR people !!!
[ all men]
One of the men died shortly after, [ not the steward]
The British Steamer " Carpathia" picked up Titanic's S.O.S.
and radioed back:"Coming Hard"
Several hours later she rescued 705 passengers and crewmen
from the lifeboats.
Carpathia
All but one of the lifeboats were brought back
to New York
by the Carpatia, after the tragedy.
They all disappeared from the docks in New York.
They were probably repainted and used on other ships,
since lifeboats were now in much demand.
It is also a tale that some aboard the Carpathia
took the Titanics name off some of the lifeboats
after the sinking, knowing they would be of value.
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Many 3rd class or steerage passages were trapped in
the ship.
There were barriers between third and first class
designed to stop the spead of disease.
In addition many steerage passengers also had
a language barrier, which prevented the communcation
of directions to them to safety of lifeboats.
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The Search For
Victims
In the days following the sinking of Titanic,
McKay Bennett & White Star Lines set out
to recover bodies from the water.
with them they carried,stacks of coffins,embalmers,
and undertakers.330 bodies we're recovered from the waters.
They sailed on April 17, 1912 between April 21-26 they
recovered bodies still floating by flotation belts.
Few actually drowned.
The first body found was that of a 2 year old boy, Frozen.
Most died Quickly, and Painlessly in the 28-degree water,
of hypothermia. Some were so badly decompossed they were
wrapped and buried at sea, The remaining were packed in ice
and immediately embalmed.
Total Bodies recovered: 306
A BODY BEING PULLED FROM THE WATERS
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The survival rate of women and children was very
high,
except in 3rd class.
First Class:women 94%, Children 31%, Men 60%
Second Class: women 81%, Children 10%, Men 44%
3rd class: women 47%, Children 14%, Men 25%
Crew : women 87%. Children 22%, Men 24%
In The Board of Trade { trials}
Some believed
Bruce
Ismay showed acts of cowardice,
by getting in the lifeboat, and saving his own life,
when so many others were left to die,
The press made this well known, and placed alot of blame on Ismay.
2 inquiries were brought before the board about this.
He had to live with this the rest of his days.
The survivors recieved shabby treatment from White Star Lines,
when claims were filed. There were more than 600 claims filed
in the USA and 100's more in Britain.
The Board Of Trade, never admitted the ship broke in half,
as so many survivors recalled. This was later discovered to be false,
and was noted that the ship indeed did break in 1/2,
after discovering the remains 73 years
later.
Had the lookouts Not sighted the Iceberg,
and the helmsman not turned the wheel,
The Titanic would have probably hit head on.
It is then very likely that only the bow sections
would have been flooded, although seriously crippled, she would
have remained afloat and made it to her
destination.
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Theory based on Sonar studies
of the sunken Titanic
states:
The Titanic did not sink from a 300 ft. gash,
from the Iceberg ,
but rather by "pinhole" cracks that allowed it
to stay afloat for as long as it did before the final plunge
on April 15, 1912 at 2:20 a.m.
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Victim and Survivor
Stats
There has never been universal agreement over the
number
of lives lost in the sinking of the Titanic.
Beginning with the first news reports of the disaster,
inquirers have found it unwise to trust the original passenger
and crew lists, which were rendered inaccurate by such
factors as misspellings, omissions, aliases, and failure to count
musicians and other contracted employees as either passenger or crew.
Agreement was made more difficult by the international nature of the
disaster, essentially involving a British-registered liner
under American ownership that carried more than
2,000 people of many nationalities.
Immediately after the sinking, official inquiries were conducted
by a special committee of the U.S. Senate
(which claimed an interest in the matter on the grounds of American lives
lost)
and the British Board of Trade
(under whose regulations the Titanic operated).
The figures established by these hearings are as follows:
U.S. Senate committee: 1,517 lives lost
British Board of Trade: 1,503 lives lost
Confusion over the above figures was immediately
aggravated by
the official reports of these bodies to the U.S. Senate and
the British Parliament; these reports revised the numbers to:
1,500 and 1,490, respectively.
The figures have been revised, officially and unofficially,
so many more times since 1912 that most researchers and
historians concede that they will never know exactly how many
people died on the Titanic.
2,228 People on board
First Class - 337
2nd Class - 285
3rd Class -
721.
Crew - 885....
..
Perished- 1,523
Survivors - 705
In
Closing
Many theories, and studies point to different things
as to "how" this
tragedy happened,and "how" it could have been prevented,
There are so many "what if's", or If only's...
But the one fact that will never change is, The many lives lost
to the Dark, Cold, Lonely waters of the Atlantic,
that Terrifying night ...
April 15, 1912.
Death Toll: 1,523
Survivors: 705.
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Since July-2001
