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Segment of the new Map to IPA
page (save
this page)
The map-IPA.htm web page has been updated with the inclusion of a new notational scheme called OGD. This page was originally created in response to a request for information on how different notations such as new spelling, truespel, and fonetic mapped onto the IPA phoneme categories for RP English. John Reilly has written a lengthy piece on Restored English. Since it is a systematic orthography, almost everything that you need to know about how to spell any word you can pronounce can be found in a correspondence table. Since OGD is not a perfectly phonemic notation (there is more than one spelling per sound), the table is three times as complicated as the correspondence table for a phonemic notation such as SAMPA or Sweet's Broad Romic. OGD [ Old Grand Dad ] is, potentially, completely systematic and predictable with no code overlaps. The multiple entries in some positions indicate a few problem areas. Code overlaps are indicated by a color other than black. The table below shows how the checked vowels have no terminal representation. This frees up a symbol which can be used for another sound in the terminal position. Thus a in the terminal position is ah [ha] or uh [sofa], not the vowel in cat. The terminal u is not needed for /^/ and can be reused for /u:/ as in [zulu] or [zoolu]. The question that has to be answered is whether or not the increased similarity to TO is worth the extra complication of positional spelling. OGD could be used as a initial teaching alphabet. It shows the basic code which must be deconstructed to get to the traditional orthography [TO]. Mapping of OGD Restored English Spelling onto IPA (OGD is a John Reilly notation) Chris and John G. hav noated that Cut Spelling ofen [awfn] reprodueses Midl Inglish forms. The saym is tru for OGD. The diferenss is that OGD is sistematic and fuly predictabl. Eaven wen respelings ar novl, the sceems that produess them ar jeneraly just reaserting prinsipels that wer part ov Eenglish ortthografy frum its inseption, but that becaim obsciured in erly modern tyms. Eaven OGD with all its compexity does not always mach TO. It gets very cloas, however, and duz not hav tu ius werd syns. This noataytion is stil in construction. A positional speling system also has to choos hwich of the TO ortthografic options to ius as the standard. Du we spell beer- bear or du we spell near-neer. -eer is more consistent but -ear is mor frequent. |
RES is positional, just lyk TO. The diferenss is that RES is ruol baised and predictabl. Ther is more than wa'n way tu spel a sound but only wa'n way in a givn position. e.g., wood and would are speld the saim way. Most ov the ruols can be found in this simpl 4x6 tabl.
RES
Vowe'l Tabl - 4x6 [ 24
+ vowe'l foneemes ]
Ther
ar oanly 12 puer (uncombyned) vowls (col. 1 & 2). The rest ar
combinations
| RES
Positions RES
spelling depends on the position of the sound in the word
1. Initial letter of an initial syllable (-alone), 2. before a consonant, 3. at the end of word or syllable, 4. unstressed syl.
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Moast
RES spelings ar the saim as TO. The diferenss is that RES uezes only wa'n
speling patern per position and contains fue coad overlaps.
The
transition tu TO is simply wa'n of ading mor and mor cayotic ecseptions
tu the ruols.
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Positional Spelling initial - medial - terminal
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OGD
uses phonetic devices found in TO.
OGD is a nearly systematic orthography that is very close to TO without allowing irregular spellings or sight words (word signs, logograms). When [a] is a single syllable, it usually has a schwa sound. [a' sofa - years a'go] r-combinations are sometimes new symbols rather than simple combinations as in CKS. aar=ar, awr=or, eer=ear. Both R and L can change the sound of a vowel: awl=all, oald=old. Consonants sonik = sonic, guess =gess, dews =dues
plural: /dawgz/=dogs, trees, /cumpa'neez/=companies |
| OGD
Positions
OGD
spelling depends on the position of the sound in the word
1. Initial letter of an initial syllable (-alone), , 2. before a consonant, 3. at the end of word or syllable
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/u/- puul-pwl, pwt,
wwd-wuud, fwl-fl. /er/AIR-
aircraft cairyer, ca'reer
a'but A's [ays] mace/mais/maises
For clarity, the vowel used
for shwa could be marked with an apostrophe except in the terminal position
For clarity, the voul-vowl,
iusd for shwa cwd be markd with an a'postro'fy exsept in the termina'l
position.
PROBLEM AREAS
There is a mix of rules here.
In some cases the intial sound conflicts with something else and has to
adopt a different spelling
pattern. iy conflicts with y in yir.
wo'nder, waander, wank,
wond, waach, woch, wat, wot, wo't, wand, wound
Mophological endings and
spelling rules. nyss neess, flye, flys, company, companees.
yur tur. yoor toor was nyss
for mye neeses nees. hu is the wo'n hu tyed (tyd) up the teecher.
y marks a syllable boundary. (w does to but it interacts with now, cow)
able=aybl, maibl, sail, ais,
sayl (could keep ay throughout)
snoabal, sno'bol,
bawl=bol
| Sample 7: Speling reformers tipicaly waant tu ryt witth a dictionairy pronunseaytion gyd rather than traditiona'l English speling. Thay waant the speling sistem tu be neerly 100% alfabetic insted of 40%. English speling is hard becauz thair ar tu meny orthografic options. | ||||
| Problem
werds: use (us, ues, ius), us (uss), this (thiss), near (neer, near,
nir)
OGD compared to
Troospel More comparisons
More information on the structure of the Grapheme-Phoneme Correspondence Chart is provided below. This is the table that every orthographer should use to check the completeness of a new systematic notation or scheme and to present it to the public in the most compact form. This type of table does not work well for unsystematic notations such as Cut Spelling since each free vowel sound would have more than 6 spellings and numerous code overlaps. TO (traditional orthography) spells the vowel phonemes 20 different ways. |
Vowel
Phoneme Table for British English (RP) with
key words
Grapheme
- Phoneme Correspondence Table
Three
notations for the 21 essential sounds
for RP English -
4x6 table
(Jones
was searching for the minimum number of phonemes and did not include 3
listed below (darker peach background))
6 checked,
6
unchecked, 5 diphthongs, and 4 ending with schwa
= 21 essential vowels.
| IPA
-
SAMPA
& Broad Romic
Vowel Notation
6 checked, 6 unchecked, 5 -6 diphthongs, 4 -7 with shwa
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The peach colored cells are not included in the Jones/Wijk essential phoneme inventory. All checked vowels (vowels which are checked or stopped by a consonant) are short and all free vowels, with the exception of schwa are long. If a vowel occurs at the end of a word, it is by definition a free vowel and does not need to be distinguished from a checked vowel. Thus "sii m'y halou" could be "si my halo." |
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It is only when
the free vowel is followed by a consonant that it needs to be distinguished
from a closely related short vowel.
An adequate orthography for English should have a unique character assigned to 11 of the 12 pure vowels found in the first two columns. A common practice is to merge the stressed /^/ and unstressed / |
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Sample 1: Speling riform z
tipikli wont tu rayt wið dikSneri
prnnsieyshn
gayd rað ðæn
tradishanl Inglish speling.
ðey wont ð speling
sistm tu bi niyrli
100% ælfbetik
insted v 40%. IngliS
speling iz hard bikaoz ther ar tuu meni orthogræfik opshnsz. |
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