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Classical Conditioning
http://www.valdosta.edu/~whuitt/psy702/behsys/classcnd.html
(Comprehensive)
http://www.as.wvu.edu/~sbb/comm221/chapters/pavlov.htm
http://members.tripod.com/psychology7/cc.html
What is Classical Conditioning and how does it work...
Conditioning
involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism's
environment.
Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires
the
capacity
to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
The
way that this is all supposed to work is actually simple. First, an unconditioned
stimulus is
paired
with a neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus is the one that is
eliciting the
unconditioned
response. After a while, where this pairing is repeated many times, classical
conditioning
occurs. Now, the previous unconditioned stimulus is now the conditioned
stimulus
and
can cause a conditioned response by itself. The unconditioned response
and the conditioned
response
are essentially the same thing.
http://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/~brembs/classical/introduction.html
Basic Concepts in Classical Conditioning
Since Pavlov's time in the beginning of this century, research on classical conditioning has increased to a complexity level that is hardly comprehensible but to a few experts in the various fields this science has spawned. On the neurobiological side, research has come to a point where the molecular events can be traced that lead to the long lasting modification of the synapses responsible for the learning behavior in the animal. On the systemic side, psychologists have devised a plethora of behavioral experiments, the sophistication of which has steadily increased over the decades. With this wealth of data it was possible to develop mathematical models that predict the empirical findings to a rather astonishing extent. Today, neuronal nets have incorporated these models and developed them further. From molecules to behavior - the simple concept of classical conditioning has lead to an overwhelmingly successful multi-level approach to investigate into the mechanisms of learning.
Operant Conditioning
Operant
Conditioning and Behaviorism- An Historical Outline
http://members.tripod.com/~Probability/opcond.htm
Operant
conditioning + Links not
the first link
http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/85-102/student_work/moseman.html
Introduction
to Learning very good!
http://www.indiana.edu/~iuepsyc/P103/lear/lear.html
OPERANT
(INSTRUMENTAL) CONDITIONING detailed- graphs
http://www.valdosta.edu/~whuitt/psy702/behsys/operant.html
Operant
Conditioning-
Schedules
of Reinforcement/ Extinction, reinforcers and punishers...
http://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/~brembs/operant/operant.html
Examples
of Negative Reinforcement
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/svinicki/ald320/negrnf.html
Operant
Conditioning used in Education- Instructional Strategies
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/svinicki/ald320/classroom.html
CLASSICAL
VS OPERANT CONDITIONING
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/svinicki/ald320/CCOC.html
excellent
Setting
up Operant or Classical Conditioning Strategies
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/svinicki/ald320/condistrats.html
What
is Learning? Excellent!
http://iws.ccccd.edu/mellis/Ch05/index.htm
Differences Between Classical & Operant Conditioning:
- Classical conditioning is passive on the part
of the learner.
- Operant conditioning relies on the learner
to actively participate in the learning process.
- In operant conditioning reinforcers act as incentives
for learning.
- Classical conditioning, on the other hand,
does not provide incentives.
