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Hawkman is also the reincarnated spirit of the Egyptian king Khufu Ka-Tarr, and as such, has been reborn many times, as has been shown recently in issues of JSA where the Thanagarian Hawkman, Katar Hol, was recently reincarnated, along with the memories of his time spent merged with Carter Hall.

Khufu was a member of Egyptian royalty opposed by a priest of Anubis, Hath-Set. Hath-Set captured Khufu and attempted to torture him into submission. Khufu escaped and fled Hath-Set, seeking his lover, Shiera. Hath-Set doggedly pursued Khufu and one of his archers wounded Khufu just as the prince reached Shiera. Hath-Set offered both the lovers as a sacrifice to the god Anubis, using a crystal blade. As Khufu died, he swore to Hath-set that he would return one day and it would be Hath-Set's turn to die.

When he awoke, Hall felt strange and left his house to wander the streets of the city. When he passed a subway entrance, throngs of people emerged, fleeing a disaster on the tracks. As he rushed to investigate, Hall ran into a young woman, the reincarnation of his lost love, Shiera. The two investigated the subway station to find the subway tracks being flooded with thousands of volts of electricity, killing many of the passengers. Hall vowed to investigate the cause of the disaster and took Shiera to his home. Hall donned a mask of a hawk and wings made of Nth Metal, a discovery of Hall's. He tracked the source of the electrify to the lab of Dr. Anton Hastor, the reincarnation of the high priest Hath-Set. Hawkman destroyed the lab, but Hastor escaped.

Swearing vengeance against Hawkman, Hastor used an ancient incense to place Shiera Sanders in a deep trance and lure her to him. When Hawkman returned to his estate, he found Shiera missing and smelled the intoxicant Hastor had used. Taking a cloak of Nth Metal for Shiera, he returned to Hastor's enclave and found him preparing to sacrifice Shiera on the alter of Anubis. Quickly casting the protective cloak over Shiera, Hawkman turned his crossbow on Hastor, mortally wounding him. As the castle burned from the equipment that had been wrecked in the melee, Hawkman gathered the unconscious Shiera, leaving Hastor to presumably perish in the flames (Flash Comics #1).

Hawkman then became a regular feature of the New York City, battling criminals such as Alexander the Great (Flash Comics #2) and the Priestess Nyola (All-Star Comics #2). In late 1940, Hawkman was summoned by Doctor Fate to the shores of Dover, England, to join other American heroes in fending off a Nazi invasion force. This event, and the subsequent showdown with Hitler's Valkyries over Washington, led to the formation of the Justice Society of America, with Hawkman as its first chairman. Hawkman remained the lynchpin member of the JSA throughout World War II and was its longest-standing chairman. Hawkman and Shiera (as Hawkgirl) joined the JSA in the pursuit of a group of super-criminals organized by Ian Karkull to assassinate future Presidents of the United States. As Karkull was defeated, he gave off a radiation that imbued the assembled heroes, including Hawkman and Hawkgirl, with increased longevity and vitality.

In late 1941, Hawkman joined the All-Star Squadron, an extended team of American super-heroes confronting crime and pro-Axis forces on the home front. During the 1941 Christmas season, Hawkman discovered that Professor Hastor had survived the destruction of his home and the stab wound inflicted in their earlier conflict. Hastor disguised himself as an alien and threatened Washington DC during a visit by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Hastor was revealed and defeated in a spiritual duel between himself, Hawkman and Hawkgirl. Hastor's ultimate fate is unknown, though he certainly died before 1960 (All-Star Squadron #10-12).

Hawkman continued to be active in the JSA throughout World War II, though he never saw much action beyond the home front. At some point in the 1940s, he married Shiera Sanders, as depicted later (Hawkworld #21). Hawkman remained chairman of the JSA after the war, though the All-Star Squadron apparently disbanded.

In 1945, Hawkman engaged the criminal optician Jonathan Cheval. Cheval had been a law-abiding citizen until a group of bankers attempted to swindle him into default on his mortgage. Cheval adopted the identity of the Monocle and slew five of the six bankers. Hawkman prevented the sixth murder and revealed the bankers' treachery. The last banker and the Monocle were later sentenced to lengthy prison terms (Flash Comics #64).

In 1946, Hawkman journeyed to a hidden city deep in the Arctic regions. This city, Feitheria, was inhabited by a race of winged bird-men of unknown origin. While there, Hawkman exposed a political insurgent who intended to introduce Feitheria to the outside world while deposing the current leader, Worla. Hawkman cultivated a relationship with Worla and the two became good friends. Throughout the following years, Hawkman kept the secret of Feithera and visited frequently (Flash Comics #71).

In 1947, Hawkman first met one of his most frustrating adversaries, the Gentleman Ghost. The Ghost claimed to be the shade of "Gentleman Jim" Craddock, a highwayman from the 1800s. Craddock was hanged at the gallows but went to his death swearing revenge. Much to his surprise, he emerged in postwar America, where he resumed his life of crime. The Ghost used a variety of gimmicks to augment his ghostly manner, such as leaving his hat and cloak suspended from wires while he himself escaped. These antics led Hawkman to the conclusion that the Ghost was simply a charlatan, not truly a ghost (Flash Comics #88, 90, 92). It was revealed later, however, that Craddock was indeed a genuine ghost (Hawkman Special #1).

Hawkman was chairman of the JSA when it appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1951. It was he who declared the JSA disbanded when they were each asked to submit their true names and allow questioning by the committee. The JSA departed that meeting via a teleportation effect of Green Lantern's power ring (Adventure Comics #466). In the post-Crisis universe, this incident has been retconned to include a teleportation device of Thanagarian design, given to Carter Hall by an associate, Paran Katar of Thanagar (father of Katar Hol). It was further revealed that the Nth Metal used by Hawkman is in fact of Thanagarian design (Hawkworld #21). After leaving the HUAC meeting, Carter and Shiera entered retirement and pursued their interests in archaeology.

In 1963, Shiera gave birth to a son, Hector, while on a dig in Egypt. The Hall family also spent many summers in Feithera. During these times, Hawkman adopted as godson Norda Cantrell, the son of a human scientist, Fred Cantrell, and grandson of Worla, ruler of Feithera. Hawkman's own son Hector tended to resent these times, for Norda could fly with his parents and he could not (revealed in Infinity Inc. #1, #37). When Vandal Savage captured several members of the JSA in 1963, Hawkman was among them. When he was freed by the two Flashes along with the rest of the JSA, he chaired the first meeting of the re-formed Justice Society. Hawkman then resumed his active membership and chairmanship of the JSA. Hawkman was a very active member of the JSA throughout the 1960s and 70s. Shiera, by and large, remained inactive.

In the 1980s, Hector left home and attended college at UCLA. While there, he fashioned a uniform of his father's Nth Metal which enabled him to defy gravity. He donned this suit under the code-name of the Silver Scarab. Along with several others of the JSA's wards, godchildren, and children, Hector petitioned the JSA for membership. The younger heroes were rejected, but they formed a new group, Infinity Incorporated, under the direction of the Star Spangled Kid (Infinity Inc. #1). Shortly thereafter, Hawkman answered a call from Superman that that resulted in his "drowning" in the river of Koehaha, Colorado's "Stream of Ruthlessness." Hawkman then went on a maddened rampage, seeking an ancient Egyptian secret of immortality, until the river's effect drove him to return and confront the Ultra-Humanite. He was then cured and reconciled with his wife and family (Infinity Inc. #3-10). When Infinity Incorporated held its first press conference, the Silver Scarab revealed his identity, and that of his parents, to the world (Infinity Inc. #12). Hawkman remained chairman of the JSA, presiding during the "Batman Diary" hearings (America vs. the Justice Society #1-4), and leading them into the Crisis on Infinite Earths, where he was severely burned in an encounter with Earth-1's Dr. Phosphorus (Crisis on Infinite Earths #9).

After he had healed in Feithera, Hawkman attended the memorial ceremony for the JSAers who had fallen during the Crisis. From there the JSA and the Halls entered Limbo, where they remained for three years (Last Days of the JSA #1). While in Limbo, Hastor returned in the reincarnated form of Jame Rock, an Egyptian woman. Hastor/Rock murdered Hector Hall, transforming him into the foretold "child without a soul" (Infinity Inc. #42-44). Hector's spirit then entered the dream world to become the new Sandman (Infinity Inc. #49-51). When the Halls returned from Limbo, they learned of Hector's death, and discovered that Lyta Trevor Hall had disappeared with their grandson. They beseeched the Spectre to return him, but the Spectre denied them and left them to their grief (Spectre vol. 3 #21). Hawkman returned to his archaeological work, where he eventually discovered an ancient tomb containing the sorcerer Kulak (Justice Society of America #8). Kulak attempted to inspire a cult of hate against the JSA, but the members defeated him (Justice Society of America #10).

Hawkman remained active with the JSA and he and Shiera (as Hawkgirl) joined them as they prepared for their assault on Extant. At the critical moment, however, they were whisked away and then fused with all other incarnations of Hawkman (Zero Hour #3, Hawkman vol. 3 #13). Hence, the minds of Carter and Shiera Hall survived the Zero Hour, but they lack independent physical form.

Recently in issues of The JSA, the Thanagarian police office Katar Hol was reincarnated, along with the shared memories of Carter Hall. Hawkman has returned to Earth with The JSA and remains an active member.