SEE TABLE OF CONTENTS

CUTUBYADII BUUGGA


9. NEGATIVE STATEMENTS AND QUESTIONS -
WEEDHO DIIDMA AH IYO SU 'AALO


Negative Statements


In the Simple Present tense, negative statements are usually formed as follows:

1) For a verb having I, you, we, they or a plural noun as its subject, the words do not are placed before the verb. For example:

Affirmative: I like apples. Waan jeclahay tufaaxyada.

Negative: I do not like apples. Ma jecli tufaaxyada.


2) For a verb having he, she, it or a singular noun as its subject, the words does not are placed before the verb, and the ending s is omitted. For example:

Affirmative: He sees us. Wuu na arka.

Negative: He does not see us. Ma u na arko.


In the Simple Past tense, negative statements are usually formed by placing the words did not before the verb. The Simple Present form of the verb is used, with no endings. For example:

Affirmative: I opened the door. Waan furay albaabka.
Negative: I did not open the door. Ma furin albaabka.

Affirmative: We saw his sister. Waanu aragnay walashiis.
Negative: We did not see his sister. Ma 'aanu arki walashii.


However, the verb be does not follow these rules. For the Simple Present tense and Simple Past tense of the verb be, negative statements are usually formed by placing the word not after the verb. For example:

Affirmative: I am ready. Diyaar ayaan ahay.
Negative: I am not ready. Ma ihi diyaar.

Affirmative: You were here. Waxaa timid halkan.
Negative: You were not here. Ma 'aadan iman halkan.


For all verbs, in all tenses other than the Simple Present and the Simple Past, negative statements are usually formed by placing the word not after the auxiliary verb. For example:

Affirmative: It is raining. Waxaa da ayaa roob.
Negative: It is not raining. Ma da ayo roob.

Affirmative: They will wait for us. Way na sugi doonaan anaga.
Negative: They will not wait for us. Ma na sugi doonaan anaga.


In English, the symbol: ' (an apostrophe) can be used to indicate that one or more letters of a word have been omitted. The following short forms are often used:

Expressions with "not" and their Short Forms

do not (duu not), don't (doont)
does not (daz not), doesn't (dazent)
did not (did not), didn't (dident)
is not (iz not), isn't (izent)
are not (aar not), aren't (aarnt)
was not (waz not), wasn't (wazent)
were not (wer not), weren't (wernt)
will not (wil not), won't (woont)

For example:

It is not raining. Ma da ayo roob.
It isn't raining. Ma da'eyen roob.

They will not wait for us. Ma na sugi doonaan anaga.
They won't wait for us. Ma na sugin anaga.


Questions


In the Simple Present tense, questions are usually formed as follows:

1) For a verb having I, you, we, they or a plural noun as its subject, the word do is placed before the subject of the verb. For example:

Statement: They like coffee. Waxey jecelyihin qaxwo.
Question: Do they like coffee? Miyey jecelyihin qaxwada?


2) For a verb having he, she, it or a singular noun as its subject, the word does is placed before the subject, and the ending s is omitted from the verb. For example:

Statement: He sees us. Wuu na arka.
Question: Does he see us? Miyu na arkaa?


In the Simple Past tense, questions are usually formed by placing the auxiliary did before the subject of the verb. The Simple Present form of the verb is used, with no endings. For example:

Statement: She opened the door. Waxey furtay albaabki.
Question: Did she open the door? Miyey furtay albaabki?

Statement: They saw his sister. Waxey arkeen walashiis.
Question: Did they see his sister? Miyey arkeen walashiis?


However, the verb be does not follow these rules. For the Simple Present tense and Simple Past tense of the verb be, questions are usually formed by placing the verb before its subject. For example:

Statement: He is ready. Isagu waa diyaar.
Question: Is he ready? Isagu diyaar ma yahay?

Statement: You were here. Waxad timid halkan.
Question: Were you here? Miyaad timid halkan?


For all verbs, in all tenses other than the Simple Present and the Simple Past, questions are usually formed by placing the auxiliary verb before the subject of the verb. For example:

Statement: It is raining. Waxaa da ayaa roob.
Question: Is it raining? Miyu da ayaa roob?

Statement: They will wait for us. Way na sugi doonaan anaga.
Question: Will they wait for us? Miyey na sugi doonaan anaga?


Negative Questions


Negative questions can be formed from affirmative questions by placing the word not after the subject of the verb. For example:

Affirmative: Did they see his sister? Miyey arkeen walashiis?
Negative: Did they not see his sister? Miyeyen arkeen walashiis?

Affirmative: Were you there? Miyaad timid halkas?
Negative: Were you not there? Halkaasi adigu ma joogen?


However, negative questions are more often formed by adding n't, the short form of not, to the verb or auxiliary verb at the beginning of the question. For example:

Affirmative: Did they see his sister? Miyey arkeen walashiis?
Negative: Didn't they see his sister? Ma arkeen walashiis?

Affirmative: Were you there? Miyaad timid halkas?
Negative: Weren't you there? Ma joogin adigu halkas?


BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS




9. WEEDHO DIIDMA AH IYO SU 'AALO -
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS AND QUESTIONS


Weedho Diidma ah


Qaab Xaalad Sahlan, hadaladda diidmada ah, waxa badanaa qaab koodu yahay sidani:


1) Falalka ay la socodaan I, you, we, they iyo magacyo wadar ah, erayada do not waxay ka hormaraayan falka. Tusaale:

I like apples. Waan jeclahay tufaaxyada.
I do not like apples. Ma jecli tufaaxyada.


2) Falalka ay la socodaan he, she, it iyo magacyo kaliga ah, s lama isticmaalaayo dhamaadka iyo erayada does not waxay ka hormaraayan falka. Tusaale:

He sees us. Wuu na arka.
He does not see us. Ma u na arko.


Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay, hadaladda diidmada ah, waxaa badanaa qaab koodu yahay sidani:

Qaabkii Xaaladiisu Sahalaneed waa la isticmaalay. Wax dhamaadyo lama isticmaalin, iyo erayada did not waxaa laga hormarinaayaa falka. Tusaale:

I opened the door. Waan furay albaabka.
I did not open the door. Ma furin albaabka.

We saw his sister. Waanu aragnay walashiis.
We did not see his sister. Ma 'aanu arki walashii.


Falka be loo ma raaco xeerarka. Falka be, erayga not waxaa la isticmaalaa falka ka dib. Tusaale:

I am ready. Diyaar ayaan ahay.
I am not ready. Ma ihi diyaar.

You were here. Waxaa timid halkan.
You were not here. Ma 'aadan iman halkan.


Hadaladda diidmada ah waxaa qaab koodu noqa, erayga not marka hore waxaa la dhigaayaa fal gar-gaaraha ka dib. Tusaale:

It is raining. Waxaa da ayaa roob.
It is not raining. Ma da ayo roob.

They will wait for us. Way na sugi doonaan anaga.
They will not wait for us. Ma na sugi doonaan anaga.


Ingiris ahaa: ' waa xaraf la masaxay. Qaababka gagaaban waa sidan:

Erayada iyo Qaababka Gagaaban

do not (duu not), don't (doont)
does not (daz not), doesn't (dazent)
did not (did not), didn't (dident)
is not (iz not), isn't (izent)
are not (aar not), aren't (aarnt)
was not (waz not), wasn't (wazent)
were not (wer not), weren't (wernt)
will not (wil not), won't (woont)

Tusaale:

It is not raining. Ma da ayo roob.
It isn't raining. Ma da'eyen roob.

They will not wait for us. Ma na sugi doonaan anaga.
They won't wait for us. Ma na sugin anaga.


Su 'aalo


Qaab Xaalad Sahlan, su 'aalo waxaa badanaa qaab koodu yahay sidani:

1) Falka ay la socodaan I, you, we, they iyo magacyo wadar ah, erayga do waxaa la dhigaa fal-sameeye hortiisa. Tusaale:

They like coffee. Waxey jecelyihin qaxwo.
Do they like coffee? Miyey jecelyihin qaxwada?


2) Falka ay la socodaan he, she, it iyo magacyo kaliga ah, s lama isticmaalaayo dhamaadka, iyo erayga does waxaa la dhigaa fal-sameeye hortiisa. Tusaale:

He sees us. Wuu na arka.
Does he see us? Miyu na arkaa?


Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay, su 'aalo waxaa badanaa qaab koodu yahay sidani:

Qaab Xaalad Sahlan ee falka waa la isticmaalay. Wax dhamaadyo lama isticmaalin, iyo erayga did waxaa la dhigaa fal-sameeye hortiisa. Tusaale:

She opened the door. Waxey furtay albaabki.
Did she open the door? Miyey furtay albaabki?

They saw his sister. Waxey arkeen walashiis.
Did they see his sister? Miyey arkeen walashiis?


Falka be loo ma raaco xeerarka. Falka be, qaabka su 'aalo looga dhigaayo falka ayaa laga hormarinaayaa fal-sameeye. Tusaale:

He is ready. Isagu waa diyaar.
Is he ready? Isagu diyaar ma yahay?

You were here. Waxad timid halkan.
Were you here? Miyaad timid halkan?


Hadalado kale, su 'aalaha qaab koodu waxaa noqonayya fal gar-gaaraha oo laga hormariyo fal-sameeye. Tusaale:

It is raining. Waxaa da ayaa roob.
Is it raining? Miyu da ayaa roob?

They will wait for us. Way na sugi doonaan anaga.
Will they wait for us? Miyey na sugi doonaan anaga?


Su 'aalaha Diidmada ah


Su 'aalaha diidmada ah, erayga not ayaa waxaa laga fal-sameeye ka dib. Tusaale:

Did they see his sister? Miyey arkeen walashiis?
Did they not see his sister? Miyeyen arkeen walashiis?

Were you there? Miyaad timid halkas?
Were you not there? Halkaasi adigu ma joogen?


Su 'aalaha diidmada ah, waxaa kaloo qaab noqoo kara waliba iyadoo raacaayo habka soo qaabinka erayga not oo la socodo falka biloowga su 'aalasha ah. Tusaale:

Did they not see his sister? Miyeyen arkeen walashiis?
Didn't they see his sister? Ma arkeen walashiis?

Were you not there? Halkaasi adigu ma joogin?
Weren't you there? Ma joogin adigu halkas?


CUTUBYADII BUUGGA