The Present Perfect tense of a verb is formed from the Past Participle, and the Simple Present of the auxiliary verb have. For most English verbs, the form of the Past Participle is the same as that of the Simple Past.
For example, here is the Present Perfect tense of the verb open:
I have opened waan furay you have opened waad furtay, waad furten he has opened wuu furay she has opened way furtay we have opened waanu furnay they have opened way furen
In the case of some irregular English verbs, the form of the Past Participle differs from that of the Simple Past. For example, in the case of the verb do, the Simple Past is did, whereas the Past Participle is done (dan).
Here is the Present Perfect tense of the verb do:
I have done you have done he has done she has done we have done they have done
Here are some irregular English verbs with Past Participles which differ in form from the Simple Past:
Verb and Past Participle of the Verb
begin (biigin) bilaabid, bilow, begun (biigan) come (kam) kaalay, imow, come (kam) do (duu) samey, done (dan) drink (dringk) cabbid, cab, drunk (drangk) drive (draayv) kaxayn, wadid, driven (driven) eat (iit) cunid, cun, eaten (iiten) fly (flaay), duulid, flown (floon) give (giv) sii, bixin, given (given) go (goo) tag, tegid, bax, gone (gon) grow (groo) berid, korin, grown (groon) know (noo) garasho, known (noon) ride (raayd) fuulid, ridden (riden) run (ran) ordid, carar, run (ran) see (sii) arag, fiiri, seen (siin) speak (spiik) hadal, spoken (spooken) take (teyk) qaadid, taken (teyken) write (raayt) qor, qorid, written (riten)
The Present Perfect tense can be used to refer to actions which have already been completed relative to the present time.
For example:
I have finished the work already. Aniga waan dhameyey shaqadii mar hore.
In my whole life, I have met him only once. Nolosheyda oo dhan, aniga waxaan la kulmay isaga mar kaliya.
Now I have found the answer. Hadda aniga waxaan helay jawaabti.
The Past Perfect tense is formed in the same way as the Present Perfect, except that had (the Simple Past of the verb have) is used as the auxiliary verb.
For example:
I had opened waan furay you had opened waad furtay, waad furten he had opened wuu furay she had opened way furtay we had opened waanu furnay they had opened way furen
Some uses of the Past Perfect are explained in the next chapter.
The Past Perfect tense can be used to refer to an action that happened before another action in the past.
For example:
He came after I had left. Wuu yimid, aniga markaan tagay ka dib.
After I had eaten, I slept. Ka dib markaan cunay, waan seexday.
The tenses of the Passive Voice are formed in the same way as the Perfect tenses, except that the verb be is used as the auxiliary verb.
For example:
Simple Present Tense of the Passive Voice
I am taught aniga aya bartay you are taught adiga aya baratay, idinka aya barateen he is taught isaga aya bartay she is taught iyada aya baratay we are taught anaga aya baranay they are taught iyaga aya barteen
Simple Past Tense of the Passive Voice
I was hidden anigu waan qarsanaa you were hidden adigu waad qarsaneed, idinku wadd qarsayneen he was hidden isagu wuu qarsanaa she was hidden iyadu way qarsaneed we were hidden anagu waanu qarsaneyn they were hidden iyagu way qarsanayeen
Example:
The keys were hidden by the boy. Furayasha waxaa qariye wiilka.
"Present Perfect", fal gar-gaare waa Qaab Xaalad Sahlan ee falka have. Present Perfect, inta badan Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay wuxuu dhacaa fal gar-gaaruhu ka dib.
Tusaale:
I have opened waan furay you have opened waad furtay, waad furten he has opened wuu furay she has opened way furtay we have opened waanu furnay they have opened way furen
"The Past Perfect" waa qaabka Present Perfect oo kale, marka laga reebo had (haad) waxaa loo isticmaalaa fal gar-gaare.
Tusaale:
I had opened waan furay you had opened waad furtay, waad furten he had opened wuu furay she had opened way furtay we had opened waanu furnay they had opened way furen
Cutubka soo socodo ayaa ku sharixi doonaa isticmalka Past Perfect.
Past Perfect wuxuu isagana na tusaayaa isticmaalka fal dhacay, fal ka hore ee la soo dhafay.
Tusaale:
He came after I had left. Wuu yimid, aniga markaan tagay ka dib.
After I had eaten, I slept. Ka dib markaan cunay, waan seexday.
Qaabka Xaalad la Soodhafay ee Shurudeysan, waxaa qaab tahay Present Perfect marka laga reebo erayada would have (wud haav) waxaa loo isticmaalaa falal gar-gaare.
Tusaale:
I would have opened
you would have opened
he would have opened
she would have opened
we would have opened
they would have opened
Mar kaliya sida loo isticmaalaayo Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay ee Shurudeysan, waxaa fah-fahintiisa ky arki doonaa cutubka soo socoda.
Qaabab-Cod-Quman waa sida qaabka Perfect, marka laga reebo falka be ee laga isticmaalo fal gar-gaaraha.
Tusaale:
I am taught aniga aya bartay you are taught adiga aya baratay, idinka aya barateen he is taught isaga aya bartay she is taught iyada aya baratay we are taught anaga aya baranay they are taught iyaga aya barteen
I was hidden anigu waan qarsanaa you were hidden adigu waad qarsaneed, idinku wadd qarsayneen he was hidden isagu wuu qarsanaa she was hidden iyadu way qarsaneed we were hidden anagu waanu qarsaneyn they were hidden iyagu way qarsanayeen
Tusaale:
The keys were hidden by the boy. Furayasha waxaa qariye wiilka.
