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| First Page Alias Help PIL Help Popup Help Web Promotion WWW Help Links |
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| General Functions | |
|---|---|
| logout | Finish UNIX session |
| passwd | Changes your password |
| finger | information about every user who is logged on |
| finger {userid} | information on a specific user |
| ls >{filename} | direct output to a file called {filename} |
| ls >> {filename} | append output to an existing file called {filename} history has all the previous commands in storage that you typed at the shell prompt |
| man history | manual for UNIX |
| man -k {command name} | look up a command |
| |more | scrolls a page one at a time |
| call {year} | prints a calender for the year specified |
| spell {filename} | check spelling of file |
| Moving between operations: Foreground and Background | |
|---|---|
| {function 1} & | place {function 1} into background to enable you to multitask |
| stty tostop | stops output from a program running in the background |
| jobs | list all running functions (includes background functions) |
| ps | list all running functions (includes PID number) |
| kill %# | stop processing command number |
| kill PID | stop processing according to PID number |
| zonk | kills all background processes and logs you off |
| nice -# {function} {filename} | sets priority of background function. Higher the number, the less the priority. |
| File Manipulation | |
|---|---|
| ls | list all files |
| lc | list all files : special format |
| (lc) ls -a | list files, including .xxx files |
| (lc) ls -l | list files, more informative information |
| (lc) ls -t | list files by time, most recent first |
| (lc) ls -alt | list files in long format, sorted by time |
| (lc) ls -ch* | list files whose names start with ch |
| rm {filename} | remove a file |
| mv {file1} {file2} | rename {file1} to {file2} |
| cp {file1} {file2} | copy {file1} to {file2} |
| more {filename} | views a file one page at a time |
| cat {filename} | views a file continuously |
| files | file management system |
| Advanced Functions | |
|---|---|
| !# | rerun command # |
| !! | rerun last command |
| Editors and Mail Systems: | |
|---|---|
| editors: | mail systems |
| pico, pico {filename} | pine |
| vi, vi {filename} | elm |
| emacs, emacs {file} | |
| xc, xc {file} | |
| Communications: | |
|---|---|
| trn | access newsgroup |
| newsgroups | scan all available newsgroups |
| talk {person} | speak with a person directly |
| phone {person} | look for a persons extension |
| finduser {person} | find e-mail address of person |
| Modify Operating Environment | |
|---|---|
| chfn | change your finger information |
| alias {pc} '{UNIX command}' | change a UNIX command to a personal command(pc) |
| unalias {pc} | changes personal command back to the UNIX standard |
| stty | reports: terminal speed, option settings, changes from default |
| stty all | reports all normally used non-termio option settings |
| stty everything | reports all non-termio option settings |
| Printing Functions | |
|---|---|
| lpr {filename} | prints {filename} |
| lpr -P{printer} {filename} | prints {filename} on a printer of your choice |
| lpq -P{printer} | lists queue for specified printer |
| Directory Manipulation | |
|---|---|
| pwd | directory you are currently in |
| mkdir {directory} | make a directory |
| cd {directory} | change directory |
| cd | change access to home directory |
| rmdir {directory} | remove directory |
