English-Lojban dictionary


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l

label information x3 of tcita
label x1 of tcita
label 2. tcita: x1 is a |/tag of x2 showing information x3
labeled x2 of tcita
labelling (of a descriptor) gadri (gad): x1 is an article/descriptor | description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning]
labial ctebi (teb): x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is |
laborer (labor - event) nungu'a: x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 [also: x2 is a worker/|]
laborer gunka (gun gu'a): x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 [also: x1 is a worker/|]
laboring (labor - event) nungu'a: x1 is an event of x2 [person] |/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 [also: x2 is a worker/laborer]
labors gunka (gun gu'a): x1 [person] |/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]
lack claxu (cau): x1 is without/|-ing/free of/|-s x2; x1 is x2-less
lacked thing that is | x2 of claxu
lacking illumination manku (man): x1 is dark/| in illumination
lacking x1 of claxu
lacking 2. pindi (pid): x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/| in goods/possessions/property x2 x2 is scanty/meager for x1
lacking 3. claxu (cau): x1 is without/|/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less
lacks claxu (cau): x1 is without/lacking/free of/| x2; x1 is x2-less
lactic ladru (lad): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/dairy
lactose sakta (sat): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, |, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]
lad nanla: x1 is a boy/| [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]
lagoon lalxu (la'u): x1 is a lake/|/pool at site/within land mass x2
lair zdani (zda): x1 is a nest/house/|/den/[home] of/for x2 [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]
lake x1 of lalxu
lake 2. thing having | x2 of lalxu
lake 3. lalxu (la'u): x1 is a |/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2
lamb lanme (lan): x1 is a sheep/[|/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3
lamp (furniture) possible metaphors include light_source-furniture (gusni'e)
lamp (light source) gusni (gus gu'i): x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/| (= tergu'i)]
land (country) gugde (gug gu'e): x1 is the country of peoples x2 with |/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]
land (terrain) tumla (tum tu'a): x1 is a parcel/expanse of | at location x2; x1 is terrain (cf. tutra, which need not be |)
land (territory) tutra (tut): x1 is territory/domain/space/| of/belonging to/controlled by x2
land location x2 of tumla
land mass (location of a river) rirxe (ri'e): x1 is a river of | x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4
land mass (surrounding lake) lalxu (la'u): x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within | x2
land mass (surrounding mountain/hill) cmana (ma'a): x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from | x2
land owner x2 of tutra
land reserve panka: x1 is a park/| managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3
land x1 of tumla
landlord x2 of tutra
landmass with river x2 of rirxe
lane klaji (laj): x1 is a street/avenue/|/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
language community x2 of bangu
language word structure | x4 of cmavo
language x1 of bangu
language 2. affix | x4 of rafsi
language 3. article | x3 of gadri
language 4. grammar | x2 of gerna
language 5. people with | x2 of bangu
language 6. phrase | x5 of tanru
language 7. rhyme | x3 of rimni
language 8. sentence | x3 of jufra
language 9. source | x4 of fanva
language 10. spoken | x4 of tavla
language 11. syllable | x2 of slaka
language 12. talk | x4 of tavla
language 13. target | x3 of fanva
language 14. word | x3 of valsi
language 15. bangu (ban bau): x1 is a/the |/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) [also tongue]
lanolin (sound clue not identical in meaning) lanme (lan): x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3
lanolin x1 is a quantity of |/wool oil /=/ sulgrasu
large barda (bra): x1 is big/| in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3
lash lasna (la'a): x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[|-es] x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached]
lash 2. bikla (bik): x1 whips/|-es/snaps [a sudden violent motion]
lashes (whips) bikla (bik): x1 whips/|/snaps [a sudden violent motion]
lashes lasna (la'a): x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[|] x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached]
last (final) fanmo (fam fa'o): x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] [x1 is final/|/at the |; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]
last month masti (ma'i): x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavylamyma'i); | (= prulamyma'i)]
last night nicte (cte): x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); | (= prulamcte)]
last week jeftu (jef): x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); | (= prulamjeftu)]
last year nanca (na'a): x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); | (= prulamna'a)]
lasting in hours interval | x1 of cacra
lasting vitno (vi'o): x1 is permanent/|/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] [also everlasting]
lasts (remains) stali (sta): x1 remains/stays at/abides/| with x2
lasts (survives) renvi (rev re'i): x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/|/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 [also | out, withstands; x1 persists/| for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]
lasts in minutes x1 of mentu
lasts in months x1 of masti
lasts in weeks x1 of jeftu
lasts in years x1 of nanca
late x1 of lerci
late 2. lerci (lec): x1 (event) is | by standard x2
lateness standard x2 of lerci
later balvi (bav): x1 is in the future of/| than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)]
lateral (to the side) mlana (mla): x1 is to the side of/| to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle, which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the | side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)
lateral (wing as metaphor for | structure) nalci (na'i): x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | supporting surface]
lateral (| segment subtending an angle) jganu (jga): x3 of: x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by | [segment] x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]
latex ckabu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/| from source x2 of composition including x3
Latin (pertaining to the Roman Empire latmo (la'o): and the common culture of those speaking Romance languages), x1 reflects |/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2
Latin (| America) xispo (xip): x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 [refers to Spanish-speaking |-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]
Latin aspect x2 of latmo
Latin x1 of latmo
latter (having a past/former) purci (pur pru): x2 of: x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is | [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)]
latter (in the future of) balvi (bav): x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is |; x2 is former [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)]
latter (preceded in a sequence) lidne (li'e): x2 of: x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is |/following [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
laugh x1 of cmila
laugh 2. cmila (mi'a): x1 |-s (emotional expression) [x1 |-s at x2 (= mi'afra)]
laugher x1 of cmila
laughs cmila (mi'a): x1 | (emotional expression) [x1 | at x2 (= mi'afra)]
launch propulsion x3 of cecla
launched x2 of cecla
launcher (device) cecla (cel ce'a): x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] [also: x1 is a gun/|/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]
launcher (| firing ballistic projectile) danti (dan): x2 of: x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling |] x2 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]
launcher x1 of cecla
launcher 2. projectile | x2 of danti
launches (fires cecla (cel ce'a): of a device), x1 |/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]
launches (throws) renro (rer re'o): x1 throws/|/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) , danti)
law (basis of marriage) speni (spe): x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under |/custom/tradition/system/convention x3
law (basis of possession) ponse (pos po'e): x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under |/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent)
law (enforced) pulji: x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing |(s)/rule(s)/order x2 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]
law x1 of flalu
law 2. x2 of pulji
law 3. community with | x3 of flalu
law 4. conditions for | x4 of flalu
law 5. regulated by | x2 of flalu
law 6. specified by | x2 of flalu
law 7. flalu (fla): x1 is a | specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
lawgiver flalu (fla): x5 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by |(s) x5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
lawn srasu (sas): x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 [|/meadow (= sasfoi)]
lawn 2. foldi (flo foi): x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 [also woods (= ricfoi), |/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]
layer x1 of senta
layer 2. see also "sandwich"
layer 3. senta (set): x1 is a |/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3
layered material x2 of senta
layered structure x3 of senta
layering snuji (nuj): x1 is a sandwich/| [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3
layout (a plan describing a structure) platu (pla): x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or | of an object would be represented as a state in x3]
layout (a structure for which a plan exists) platu (pla): x3 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or | of an object would be represented as a state in x3]
lazy x1 of lazni
lazy 2. lazni: x1 (person) is |/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2
lead by x2 of ralju
lead crew x3 of bende
lead x1 of cnisa
lead 2. x2 of gidva
lead 3. pencil | x2 of pinsi
lead 4. pinsi (pis): x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying |/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]
lead 5. cnisa (nis): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal]
leader (commander) jatna (ja'a): x1 is captain/commander/|/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
leader (principal/main) ralju (ral): x1 is principal/chief/|/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal | (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]
leader of a team x3 of bende
leader lidne (li'e): x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x1 is a |/predecessor x2 is latter/following [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
leading lidne (li'e): x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following [also x1 before, forerunner; |, as in '| indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
leads (guides) gidva (gid gi'a): x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/| x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]
leads (precedes) lidne (li'e): x1 precedes/| x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
leaf (page) papri: x1 is a [physical] page/| of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]
leaf (tobacco) tanko: x1 is a quantity of tobacco [|] of species/strain x2
leaf (| of plant) pezli (pez): x1 is a | of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2
leaf x1 of pezli
leafy vegetable kobli (kob ko'i): x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/| of species/strain x2
leafy x2 of pezli
lean cinla: x1 is thin/|/not thick in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension]
leap height x4 of plipe
leap x1 of plipe
leap 2. destination of a | x2 of plipe
leap 3. propulsion for | x5 of plipe
leap 4. starting point of a | x3 of plipe
leap 5. plipe (pip pi'e): x1 (agent/object) |-s/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]
leaped from x3 of plipe
leaped to x2 of plipe
leaps plipe (pip pi'e): x1 (agent/object) |/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]
learn x1 of cilre
learn 2. cilre (cli): x1 |-s x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (object/event) by method x5 (event/process)
learned about subject | x3 of cilre
learned x2 of cilre
learner x1 of cilre
learning method x5 of cilre
learning source x4 of cilre
learns cilre (cli): x1 | x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (object/event) by method x5 (event/process)
least see "bad", "superlative"
least 2. see "superlative", "less"
leather skapi (kap): x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/| from x2
leave waste x2 of festi
leave x1 of cliva
leave 2. cliva (liv li'a): x1 |-s/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes | of x2]
leaved x2 of pezli
leaves (departs) cliva (liv li'a): x1 |/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 [also: x1 | behind/takes leave of x2]
leaves (vanishes/disappears) canci: x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 [also |, goes away (one sense)]
leaves (| brewed into tea) tcati: x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from | x2
leaves (| to go to) klama (kla): x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 [also travels, journeys, moves, | to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]
leaves tea | x2 of tcati
leaving (of a remainder after dividing) dilcu: x4 of: x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], | remainder x4
leaving (result after subtraction/removal) vimcu (vic vi'u): x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/| result/remnant/remainder x4 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]
leaving route of | x3 of cliva
Lebanese aspect x2 of lubno
Lebanese x1 of lubno
Lebanese 2. lubno (lu'o): x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2
led bende (bed be'e): x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/| by x3 organized for purpose x4 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]
ledge balni: x1 is a balcony/overhang/|/shelf of building/structure x2
left (behind) consider metaphors "not-retained" (= nalselra'e), "previous-lost" (= pruselcri)
left (to the |) zunle (zul): x1 is to the |/|-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]
left (to waste) festi (fes): x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [| to waste] by x2 (event/activity) [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]
left behind x2 of cliva
left x1 of zunle
left 2. x2 of pritu
left 3. frame for | x3 of zunle
left 4. thing having to the | x2 of zunle
leg (body part) tuple (tup tu'e): x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch]
leg (garment part) tubnu (tu'u): x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 [also sleeve, |, hose, (adjective:) tubular]
leg (garment) smoka (smo): x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower | garment] of material x2
leg x1 of tuple
leg 2. x3 of jubme
leg 3. thing having | x2 of tuple
legal (pertaining to ritual ritli (ri'i): formal), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 [also: x1 is formal, [|]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs
legal (pertaining to the law flalu (fla): licit), x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is |/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
legality flalu (fla): x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 [x1 is a |; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a | (= selfla for reordered places)]
legalized flalu (fla): x2 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/|/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
legend (myth) ranmi (ram): x1 is a myth/|, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/|/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)]
legend (story/tale) lisri (lis): x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 [also |; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]
legend x3 of tcita
legged (having legs) tuple (tup tu'e): x2 of: x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of | x2; [metaphor: supporting branch]
legged garment palku (pak): x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [| garment] of material x2
legged x2 of tuple
leggings palku (pak): x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/| [legged garment] of material x2
legislate x5 of flalu
legislature x5 of flalu
legs (| of table) jubme (jub jbu): x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by |/base/pedestal x3
legume dembi (deb): x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [|] x2
leguminous plant x2 of dembi
leguminous dembi (deb): x1 is a bean/pea/| seed from plant [legume] x2
lend x3 of jbera
lender x3 of jbera
length (wave-|) boxna (bon bo'a): x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-| x4, frequency x5
length direction x2 of clani
length standard x3 of clani
length x2 of tordu
length 2. mitre (tre): x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4
length/width/height in short units x2 of gutci
lens material x4 of lenjo
lens x1 of lenjo
lens 2. focus of | x3 of lenjo
lens 3. image focussed by | x2 of lenjo
lens 4. lenjo (len le'o): x1 is a |/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical |; ka is refraction]
leopard tirxu: x1 is a tiger/|/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]
less (lacking) claxu (cau): x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-|
less (| than) mleca (mec me'a): x1 is | than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 [also negative (= nonme'a)]
less x1 of mleca
less 2. x2 of zmadu
less 3. thing having as | x2 of mleca
lessness margin x4 of mleca
lessness property x3 of mleca
let x1 of curmi
lets curmi (cru): x1 (agent) |/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]
letter (correspondence) xatra (xa'a): x1 is a |/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a | may not easily be categorized to a 'subject')
letter (symbol in alphabet) lerfu (ler le'u): x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a |/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]
letter addressee x2 of xatra
letter author x3 of xatra
letter content x4 of xatra
letter x1 of xatra
letter-writer x3 of xatra
letteral x1 of lerfu
letteral 2. signified by | x3 of lerfu
letteral 3. lerfu (ler le'u): x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "|" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]
lettuce kobli (kob ko'i): x1 is a quantity of cabbage/|/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2
level (horizontal) pinta (pin): x1 is flat/|/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2
level (magnitude on a scale) gradu (rau): x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 [also grade, |, point; x3 dimension]
level (planar) plita (pit): x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] [also: x1 is even/planar/|]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane)
level (| of a building) loldi (lol loi): x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 [floor/|/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]
level x1 of pinta
levelness frame for | x2 of pinta
lever arm x4 of vraga
lever fulcrum x3 of vraga
lever x1 of vraga
lever 2. function with | x2 of vraga
lever 3. vraga (vra): x1 is a | [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4
levied (of a tax) cteki (tek ce'i): x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 | against x3 by authority/collector x4 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute]
levity x1 of xalbo
levity 2. object of | x2 of xalbo
levity 3. xalbo: x1 uses |/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction)
levy tax x4 of cteki
levy cteki (tek ce'i): x1 is a tax/|/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute]
liberty (at |) zifre (zif zi'e): x1 is free/at | to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]
liberty consider metaphor "(ka)-free" (= kamzi'e)
Libyan aspect x2 of libjo
Libyan x1 of libjo
Libyan 2. libjo (lib): x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2
lichen clika: x1 is a moss/| of species/strain x2 growing on x3
licit flalu (fla): x2 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/|/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
lid (container) botpi (bot bo'i): x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with | x4
lid (cover) gacri (gai): x1 is a cover/[|/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2
lid (roof/top) drudi (rud dru): x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/| of x2 over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
lid x4 of botpi
lie (deception) tcica (tic): x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); |/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white | (= zanticysku)]
lie (fiction) cfika (fik fi'a): x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 [also story, |, untrue]
lie (recline) vreta (vre): x1 |-s/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2
lie (| upon) cpana: x1 |-s upon/atop/on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 (x1 may be object or event)
lies vreta (vre): x1 |/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2
life (1-celled |) jurme (jum): x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled |] of species/defining property x2
life (an instance of living) consider metaphor "event abstraction-live (= nunji'e)
life (metaphor: supporting |) kijno (kij): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting |/combustion]
life (sound clue not identical in meaning) lifri (lif fri): x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]
lift (force) lafti (laf): x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb |/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)]
lift (ski |) trene (ren re'e): x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski | (= cildadre'e)]
lift (to apply force) lafti (laf): x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb |/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)]
lift x1 of lafti
lifted in gravity | x4 of lafti
lifted x2 of lafti
lifting locus x3 of lafti
lifting means vofli (vol voi): x2 of: x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x2
lifting nunvofli: x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x3
lifting 2. kamvofli: x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x3
lifts lafti (laf): x1 (force) |/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)]
light (half-| murse: twilight/dawn), x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-|/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]
light (hydrogen as metaphor for | gas) cidro (dro): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: |, flammable]
light (illumination) gusni (gus gu'i): x1 [energy] is |/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)]
light (reflected |) minra (mir): x2 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be |, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]
light (| colored) blabi (lab): x1 is white/very-| colored [color adjective] [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]
light (| focussed by a lens) lenjo (len le'o): x2 of: x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be |, sound, X-ray, etc., default is |/optical lens; ka is refraction]
light (| in weight) linto (li'o): x1 is | in mass/weight by standard x2
light (| source casting shadow) ctino (ti'o): x3 of: x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by |/energy source x3
light (| source) gusni (gus gu'i): x4 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from | x3 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)]
light making shadow x3 of ctino
light source (| casting shadow) ctino (ti'o): x3 of: x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by |/energy source x3
light source x3 of gusni
light source 2. gusni (gus gu'i): x4 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from | x3 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)]
light x1 of gusni
lighting (conditions affecting perceived color) skari (ska): x4 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 [conditions may include |, background, etc.]
lighting (conditions affecting what is seen) viska (vis vi'a): x3 of: x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient |, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]
lighting nunvi'a: x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient |, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived]
lightly treated | x2 of xalbo
lightning origin x3 of lindi
lightning x1 of lindi
lightning 2. struck by | x2 of lindi
lightning 3. lindi (lid): x1 is |/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 [also thunder (= lidysna)]
lights (provides illumination) gusni (gus gu'i): x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 [x3 illuminates/| x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)]
lightweight standard x2 of linto
lightweight x1 of linto
lightweight 2. linto (li'o): x1 is |/light in mass/weight by standard x2
like (apparent similarity) simlu (mlu): x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 [also: x1 seems | it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks |/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]
like (similar) simsa (smi): x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears | x2 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
like (taste |) vrusi (vus vu'i): x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/| x1 [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)]
like x2 of nelci
liked x2 of nelci
likelihood (| of a hope/wish) pacna (pa'a): x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected | x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]
likelihood condition x2 of lakne
likeliness (| of a hope/wish) pacna (pa'a): x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of | according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]
likeliness of hope x3 of pacna
likely lakne (la'e): x1 (event/state/property) is probable/| under conditions x2
likeness simsa (smi): x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 [also: x1 is a |/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
likes nelci (nel nei): x1 is fond of/|/has a taste for x2 (object/state)
limb (branch) jimca (jic): x1 is a branch/bough/| of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] [also appendage]
limb (part of joint) janco (jan): x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching |/extremity x2 to body x3
limb (with digits) degji (deg): x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on |/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; ,
limb (with knee/elbow) cidni (cid): x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of | x2 of body x3 [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve]
limb (with toe/thumb) tamji (taj): x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on | x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]
limb stood with x3 of sanli
limb with finger x2 of degji
limb with knew x2 of cidni
limb with thumb x2 of tamji
limb stepping | x3 of stapa
limb 2. walking | x3 of cadzu
limbs (| used for climbing/crawling) cpare (par): x4 of: x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [|/tools]
limbs (| used for digging) kakpa: x4 of: x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with |/tool(s) x4 [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]
limbs (| used for running) bajra (baj): x3 of: x1 runs on surface x2 using | x3 with gait x4
limbs (| used for standing) sanli (sa'i): x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by |/support/pedestal x3 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]
limbs (| used for stepping) stapa (tap): x3 of: x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using | x3
limbs (| used for walking) cadzu (dzu): x3 of: x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using | x3
limbs running | x3 of bajra
lime (sound clue not identical in meaning) nimre: x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2
limit (bound/border/extreme) jimte (jit): x1 is a |/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
limit (| exceeded) bancu (bac): x2 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond |/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
limit x1 of jimte
limitation property x3 of jimte
limited by extreme range | x4 of traji
limited x2 of jimte
limits (restrain within |) jimte (jit): x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 [restrain/constrain within | (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
limits (| of a spiral) sarlu: x2 of: x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with | x2, of dimensionality x3
limits (| with elements between) jbini (bin bi'i): x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/| x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/|/range for x1]
limits spiral | x2 of sarlu
line (1-dimensional shape) linji (lij li'i): x1 is a |/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]
line (assembly |) molki (mlo): x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly |] performing process x2 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]
line (cord) skori (sko): x1 is cord/cable/rope/|/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2
line (straight/linear) sirji (sir): x1 is straight/direct/| segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear
line x1 of linji
line 2. points on | x2 of linji
linear sirji (sir): x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is |
linen x1 of matli
linen 2. matli: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/flax [type of fabric/material]
lines linji (lij li'i): x1 is a line/among | [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]
lingual tance (tac): x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) [(adjective:) x1 is |]
link linsi (lin): x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with | properties x3
linked (of a set comprising a group) girzu (gir gri): x1 or x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 | by relations x4 [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
links linsi (lin): x1 is a length of chain/| of material x2 with link properties x3
Linnean jutsi (jut): x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to | animal/plant taxonomy]
lion species x2 of cinfo
lion x1 of cinfo
lion 2. cinfo: x1 is a |/[lioness] of species/breed x2
lioness cinfo: x1 is a lion/[|] of species/breed x2
lip x1 of ctebi
lip 2. orifice with | x2 of ctebi
lip 3. thing having | x3 of ctebi
lip 4. tabra: x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/|-reed musical instrument]
lip 5. ctebi (teb): x1 is a/the | [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial
liquefies lunsa (lus): x1 condenses/| on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2
liquid (absent | in dryness) sudga (sud): x2 of: x1 is dry of | x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid
liquid (draining |) rinci: x1 |/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 [x4 is usually gravity]
liquid (fluid) litki (lik): x1 is |/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 [conditions include temperature and pressure]
liquid (imbibed |) pinxe (pix): x2 of: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/| refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3
liquid (of melted substance) runme (rum): x1 melts [becomes | from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]
liquid (pumped |) pambe: x2 of: x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid/| x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 [x2 fluid may be | or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for |)
liquid (| causing moistness) cilmo (cim): x2 of: x1 is moist/wet/damp with | x2
liquid (| expectorate) sputu (put pu'u): x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly |] from x3 to/onto x4 [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]
liquid (| forming fog) bumru (bum): x2 of: x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of | x2
liquid (| immersed in) jinru (jir): x2 of: x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in | x2 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]
liquid (| in drop form) dirgo (dig): x2 of: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [|/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3
liquid (| with current) flecu (fle): x2 of: x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or |] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)]
liquid composition x2 of litki
liquid dried x2 of sudga
liquid x1 of litki
liquid 2. drained | x2 of rinci
liquidity conditions x3 of litki
liquifies (melts) runme (rum): x1 melts/| [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]
liquor source x2 of jikru
liquor x1 of jikru
liquor 2. jikru: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/spirits distilled from x2
list medium x4 of liste
list x1 of liste
list 2. order of a | x3 of liste
list 3. see also "sequence"
list 4. liste (ste): x1 (physical object) is a |/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical |, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)
listed set | x2 of liste
listed 2. porsi (por poi): x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/| by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified)
lit x2 of gusni
lit 2. gusni (gus gu'i): x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is |/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)]
liter standard x3 of litce
liter x1 of litce
liter 2. litce (lic): x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3
liters number of | x2 of litce
liters 2. volume in | x2 of litce
lithium (alkali metal) sodna: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] [also potassium, |, cesium]; [soda]
little word (structure word) cmavo (ma'o): x1 is a | of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)]
little see also "small"
live in community those who | x2 of cecmu
live x1 of jmive
live 2. jmive (miv ji'e): x1 |-s/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/|-ing thing [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]
liver x1 of livga
liver 2. thing having | x2 of livga
liver 3. livga: x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2
lives (dwells) xabju (xa'u): x1 dwells/|/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2
lives (is alive) jmive (miv ji'e): x1 |/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]
living thing jmive (miv ji'e): x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/| [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]
llama kumte: x1 is a camel/|/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 [| (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]
load see also ""force, "carry" (something carried)
load 2. torni (ton to'i): x1 twists under |/force/torsion x2
load-bearing greku (rek): x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/|-bearing/determining the form of x2
loan period x4 of jbera
loan x2 of jbera
loan 2. term time of a | x4 of jbera
loan 3. dejni (dej): x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, |]; x1 is a debtor
lobo (sound clue labno: Spanish for 'wolf', also: a particular kind of wolf), x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2
lobster jukni (juk): x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/|/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2
local range x3 of diklo
local units weight in | x2 of bunda
local x1 of diklo
local 2. minli: x1 is x2 (default 1) long | distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
local 3. gutci (guc): x1 is x2 (default 1) short | distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
local 4. dekpu: x1 is x2 (default 1) | volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some | system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
local 5. bunda (bud): x1 is x2 (default 1) | weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
local 6. kramu: x1 is x2 | area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
local 7. diklo (klo): x1 is | to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?]
locality (specific locus) diklo (klo): x2 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the | on b that a hits?]
located x2 of stuzi
location attended x2 of zvati
location of office x3 of briju
location that is drained x3 of cokcu
location autumn | x3 of critu
location 2. camp | x3 of ginka
location 3. date | x3 of detri
location 4. daytime | x3 of donri
location 5. evening | x3 of vanci
location 6. farm | x2 of cange
location 7. hair | x3 of kerfa
location 8. heap | x3 of derxi
location 9. hotel | x2 of xotli
location 10. land | x2 of tumla
location 11. mill | x4 of molki
location 12. morning | x3 of cerni
location 13. museum | x3 of muzga
location 14. night | x3 of nicte
location 15. point | x2 of mokca
location 16. rock | x3 of rokci
location 17. school | x2 of ckule
location 18. spring | x3 of vensa
location 19. store | x4 of sorcu
location 20. street | x2 of klaji
location 21. summer | x3 of crisa
location 22. temple | x3 of malsi
location 23. time | x4 of tcika
location 24. twilight | x3 of murse
location 25. weather | x2 of tcima
location 26. well | x3 of jinto
location 27. winter | x3 of dunra
location 28. cirko (cri): x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near | x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)]
locations (origins of gathering elements) jmaji (jaj): x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from | x3 (mass/jo'u) [also focus (= seljmaji)]
loci polje (plo): x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/|/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]
lock mechanism x3 of stela
lock x1 of stela
lock 2. x2 of ckiku
lock 3. ckiku (kik): x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking | x2, and having relevant properties x3 [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the | - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]
lock 4. stela (tel): x1 is a |/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3
locked x2 of stela
locking mechanism stela (tel): x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by | x3
locus x2 of diklo
locus 2. bite | x3 of batci
locus 3. curve | x3 of kruvi
locus 4. density | x3 of denmi
locus 5. hit | x4 of darxi
locus 6. intersection | x3 of kruca
locus 7. kicked | x3 of tikpa
locus 8. lifting | x3 of lafti
locus 9. looseness | x3 of kluza
locus 10. pain | x2 of cortu
locus 11. pulling | x3 of lacpu
locus 12. sharpness | x2 of kinli
locus 13. snugness | x4 of tagji
locus 14. sudden change | x2 of suksa
locus 15. tip | x3 of jipno
locus 16. virus | x3 of vidru
locust jalra: x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); |, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants)
lode x3 of kunra
lode 2. kunra (kun): x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/|/mine x3
log liste (ste): x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 [also roll, |]; (x2 is completely specified)
logarithm base x3 of dugri
logarithm x1 of dugri
logarithm 2. x3 of tenfa
logarithm 3. dugri (dug): x1 is the | of x2 with base x3
logic (| covering contradiction/negation) natfe (naf na'e): x3 of: x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/| x3 [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a)
logic (| entailing) nibli (nib ni'i): x3 of: x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/| system x3
logic (| fror deducing/concluding) logji (loj): x1 [rules/methods] is a | for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]
logic for denial x3 of natfe
logic system necessitating x3 of nibli
logic x1 of logji
logical (of alternation/disjunction) vlina: x1 is a | alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true
logical (of conjunction) kanxe (kax): x1 is a | conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true
logical (pertaining to logic/deduction) logji (loj): x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are |]
logical x2 of logji
logically necessitates nibli (nib ni'i): x1 |/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3
Loglan lojbo (lob jbo): x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 [pre-Lojban forms of | (= dzejbo)]
Loglandic lojbo (lob jbo): x1 reflects [|]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)]
Lojban lojbo (lob jbo): x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 [pre-| forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)]
Lojbanic aspect x2 of lojbo
Lojbanic x1 of lojbo
Lojbanic 2. lojbo (lob jbo): x1 reflects [Loglandic]/| language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)]
long (garment) pastu (pas): x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a |/full body garment] of material x2 [also coveralls (= paspalku)]
long (relatively | in longest dimension) clani (cla): x1 is | in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3
long (relatively | in 2nd most significant dimension) ganra (gan): x1 is |/wide in dimension x2 [| in 2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3
long (relatively | in smallest dimension) rotsu (rot tsu ro'u): x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively | in smallest dimension] [also stout]
long (having | rectangular form) tanbo (ta'o): x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional | flat rectangle] of material x2
long distance units minli: x1 is x2 (default 1) | local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
long x1 of clani
look through catlu (cta): x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 [also | (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]
look viska (vis vi'a): x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "|" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]
looked at x2 of catlu
looker x1 of catlu
looks after kurji (kuj ku'i): x1 takes-care-of/| after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]
looks at catlu (cta): x1 | at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]
looks for sisku (sis): x1 seeks/searches/| for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]
looks like see also "seems"
looks like 2. simsa (smi): x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 |/appears like x2 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
looks like 3. simlu (mlu): x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 [also: x1 | it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); |/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]
loop material x2 of clupa
loop x1 of clupa
loop 2. clupa (cup): x1 is a |/circuit of x2 [material] [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]
looped x2 of clupa
loose covering thing having | x2 of kluza
loose x1 of kluza
loose 2. kluza (luz): x1 (object) is |/bloused/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3
loose 3. x1 is a |, baggy, bloused shirt /=/ luzycreka
looseness locus x3 of kluza
loot x2 of lebna
lore ctuca (ctu): x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/| x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]
lose x1 of cirko
lose 2. see also "(leaves) behind"
lose 3. cirko (cri): x1 |-s person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 |-s property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)]
loser x3 of jinga
losers jinga (jig ji'a): x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/|] in competition x4 [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/|, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)];
loses cirko (cri): x1 | person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 | property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)]
losing competitor x3 of jinga
loss conditions x3 of cirko
loss binra: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/| x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)]
lost x2 of cirko
lot mutce (tce): x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 [also very, pretty, a |, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]
lotus (symbolic plant/herb) latna: x1 is a |, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4
lotus significance x3 of latna
lotus species x2 of latna
lotus x1 of latna
lotus 2. culture with | x4 of latna
loud at point x2 of cladu
loud x1 of cladu
loud 2. cladu (lau): x1 is |/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3
loudness standard x3 of cladu
louse host x3 of civla
louse species x2 of civla
louse x1 of civla
louse 2. civla (civ): x1 is a |/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3
love x1 of prami
love 2. prami (pam pa'i): x1 |-s/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is |-ing towards x2, x1 is a |-r of x2 (one sense), x2 is be-|-d by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
loved x2 of prami
lover prami (pam pa'i): x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a | of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
loves prami (pam pa'i): x1 |/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
loving prami (pam pa'i): x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is | towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
low (ignoble) nalno'i: x1 is common/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
low (very ignoble) tolno'i: x1 is common/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
low x1 of dizlo
low 2. nalnolpre: x1 is a commoner/non-elite/|-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
low 3. dizlo (diz dzi): x1 is |/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]
low 4. sakci (sak): x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively | pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]
low-born nalnolpre: x1 is a commoner/non-elite/|/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
low-born 2. tolnolpre: x1 is a peon/peasant/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
lower (downward) dizlo (diz dzi): x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also |; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]
lower (| taxon of taxonomy tree) jutsi (jut): x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "|" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "|" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]
lower arm garment gluta (glu): x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and |] of material x2 [mitten (= degycauglu)]
lower leg garment smoka (smo): x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and |] of material x2
lower pressure (| pumped to) pambe: x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of |, x4 a place of higher pressure]
lower trunk betfu (bef be'u): x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)]
lowest jamfu (jaf jma): x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal
lowness reference x2 of dizlo
lowness standard x3 of dizlo
lubrication (thirsted for) taske: x2 of: x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/| x2
lucid klina (kli): x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] [also |; x2 remains apparent/|/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)]
luck x1 of funca
luck 2. thing having | x2 of funca
luck 3. funca (fun fu'a): x1 (event/property) is determined by the |/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied)
lucky x2 of funca
lumber mudri (mud): x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/| from tree(s) of type/species x2
luminosity delno (del de'o): x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3
lump spisa (spi): x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/|/chunk/particle of x2 [substance]
lunar x1 of lunra
lunar 2. lunra (lur): x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2; (adjective:) x1 is |
lung x1 of fepri
lung 2. thing having | x2 of fepri
lung 3. fepri: x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]
lupine labno: x1 is a wolf/| of species/breed x2
lure (that which lures) xlura (xlu): x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/| x4 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states)
lure x4 of xlura
lured x2 of trina
lures (attracts) trina (tri): x1 attracts/appeals to/| x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) [also: x1 is alluring to x2]
lures (tempts) xlura (xlu): x1 (agent) influences/|/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states)
lures see also "influences", "deceives"
lustrous carmi (cam cai): x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 [also |, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]
lute jgita (git): x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 [also |, viola, cello]
lying (reclining) vreta (vre): x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/| on x2
lying (upon/atop) cpana: x1 is upon/atop/resting on/| on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 (x1 may be object or event)
lying see also "false", "story"