English-Lojban dictionary
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c
cabbage species x2 of kobli
cabbage x1 of kobli
cabbage 2. kobli (kob ko'i):
x1 is a quantity of |/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2
cabin x1 of sabnu
cabin 2. vehicle with | x2 of sabnu
cabin 3. sabnu:
x1 is a | of vehicle x2
cabinet kamni:
x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3
[| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)]
cable (bundle of filaments) skori (sko):
x1 is cord/|/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2
cable car trene (ren re'e):
x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4
[a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); |, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]
cackle cmoni (cmo co'i):
x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)
[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, |, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow]
cafe gusta:
x1 is a restaurant/|/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3
cage cutne (cut):
x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib |/breast] [body-part] of x2
cake tapla:
x1 is a tile/| [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4
[a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)]
calcium (metaphorical bongu (bog bo'u):
based on bones as source), x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: |]
[x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)]
calculate x1 of kanji
calculate 2. kanji (kaj):
x1 |-s/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4
calculated from x3 of kanji
calculated x2 of kanji
calculates kanji (kaj):
x1 |/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4
calculation x4 of kanji
calendar (as the basis for a date) detri (det):
x4 of: x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by | x4
(time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi)
calendar x4 of detri
calf bakni (bak):
x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/|] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
called (named) cmene (cme me'e):
x2 of: x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)
[also: x2 is | x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)]
calls x3 of cmene
camel species x2 of kumte
camel x1 of kumte
camel 2. kumte:
x1 is a |/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2
[llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian | (= zdokumte); Arabian |/dromedary (= rabykumte)]
camera x1 of kacma
camera 2. kacma:
x1 is a |/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3
camp location x3 of ginka
camp x1 of ginka
camp 2. stay in | x2 of ginka
camp 3. ginka (gik):
x1 is a |/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3
camper x2 of ginka
campsite x3 of ginka
can (able) kakne (ka'e):
x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state); x1 | do x2
[also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]
can (container) baktu:
x1 is a bucket/pail/|/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3
can (container) 2. lante:
x1 is a |/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3
can contents x2 of lante
can eat food one who | x2 of cidja
can material x3 of lante
can't see x2 of canci
can x1 of lante
Canadian aspect x2 of kadno
Canadian x1 of kadno
Canadian 2. kadno:
x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2
canal destination x2 of naxle
canal origin x3 of naxle
canal route x4 of naxle
canal x1 of naxle
canal 2. naxle (nax xle):
x1 is a |/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4
[x2/x3 may be unordered]
cancer x1 of kenra
cancer 2. kenra (ken):
x1 is a | [malignant disease] in x2
cancerous x2 of kenra
candela standard x3 of delno
candela x1 of delno
candela 2. delno (del de'o):
x1 is x2 | [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3
candelas number of | x2 of delno
candid stace (sac):
x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/|/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3
[also straight, straight-forward]
candle-power delno (del de'o):
x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3
cane grana (ga'a):
x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/| [shape/form] of material x2
canine (doglike aspects of a wolf) labno:
x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2
canine (of a dog) gerku (ger ge'u):
x1 is a dog/|/[bitch] of species/breed x2
canine (of a fox) lorxu (lor lo'u):
x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/|] of species/breed x2
canned x2 of lante
cannon (launcher) cecla (cel ce'a):
x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion]
[also: x1 is a gun/launcher/|; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]
cannon (weapon) xarci (xac xa'i):
x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3
[gun/| (= celxa'i)]
cannonball danti (dan):
x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2
[also |, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]
Cantonese jungo (jug):
x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, |, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
cap material x2 of mapku
cap x1 of mapku
cap 2. mapku (map):
x1 is a |/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2
capable kakne (ka'e):
x1 is able to do/be/| of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state)
[also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]
cape kosta (kos):
x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[|/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2
capital x2 of zivle
captain (ultimate leader/commander) jatna (ja'a):
x1 is |/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
captain x1 of jatna
captain 2. see also "command", "leader"
captained x2 of jatna
captive pinfu (pif):
x1 is a prisoner/| of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3
captor x2 of pinfu
capture x1 of kavbu
capture 2. kavbu (kav):
x1 |-s/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3
[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]
captured x2 of kavbu
captures kavbu (kav):
x1 |/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3
[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]
car x1 of karce
car 2. propel | x3 of karce
car 3. ride in | x2 of karce
car 4. train | x2 of trene
car 5. trene (ren re'e):
x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4
[a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable |, sky |, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]
car 6. karce:
x1 is a |/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
carbon x1 of tabno
carbon 2. tabno (tab):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic
carbonated sodva (sod):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a | beverage of flavor/brand x2
[also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]
card material x2 of karda
card x1 of karda
card 2. karda:
x1 is a | [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3
(x3 shape default rectangular)
cardiac risna:
x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral]
[(adjective:) x1 is |]
cardinality set with | x2 of # mei
cardiovascular (sound clue not identical in meaning) vasxu (vax va'u):
x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas]
(though used to make the Lojban word, clue word | is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues)
care of take | x1 of kurji
care of 2. taken | x2 of kurji
care raktu (ra'u):
x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3
[also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a | to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]
care 2. kurji (kuj ku'i):
x1 takes-|-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person)
[also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]
cares (| after) kurji (kuj ku'i):
x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person)
[also tends, | for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]
cares about (problems x3 caused by x1) raktu (ra'u):
x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3
[also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/| about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]
cares about see also "attends", "tends", "loves", "likes"
caretaker kurji (kuj ku'i):
x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is | for x2 (object/event/person)
[also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]
cargo (something carried) bevri (bev bei):
x2 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports | x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]
[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
cargo (| of airplane) vinji (vij):
x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/| x2, propelled by x3
cargo (| of an aircraft) vinji (vij):
x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/| x2, propelled by x3
cargo (| of boat) bloti (lot blo lo'i):
x2 of: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3
cargo (| of rocket) jakne:
x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload/| x3
cargo (| of vehicle) marce (ma'e):
x2 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying | x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4
cargo (| of wheeled motor vehicle) karce:
x2 of: x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3
cargo (| of wheeled vehicle) carce:
x2 of: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3
cargo (| supported by skis) skiji (sij):
x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/| x3
cargo x2 of bevri
cargo 2. x2 of marce
cargo 3. destination for | x3 of bevri
cargo 4. plane | x2 of vinji
cargo 5. see also "payload"
cargo 6. source of | x4 of bevri
carriage carce:
x1 is a cart/|/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
carried by boat thing | x2 of bloti
carried in rocket x3 of jakne
carried on cart x2 of carce
carried x2 of bevri
carrier (hauler/bearer) bevri (bev bei):
x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a |/[porter]
[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
carrier (medium of transmission) benji (bej be'i):
x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5
[also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 |]
carrier (postal |) mrilu (mri):
x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by |/network/system x5
[also x4 post office, mailbox]
carrier x1 of bevri
carrier 2. x5 of benji
carrier 3. mail | x5 of mrilu
carries bevri (bev bei):
x1 |/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]
[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
carry x1 of bevri
carry 2. bevri (bev bei):
x1 |-ies/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a |-ier/[porter]
[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
carrying (aircraft |) vinji (vij):
x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for | passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3
carrying (boat |) bloti (lot blo lo'i):
x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3
carrying (rocket |) jakne:
x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 | payload x3
carrying (tray |) palne:
x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3
[also pallet, when used for | rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]
carrying (vehicle |) marce (ma'e):
x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport | x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4
carrying (wheeled motor vehicle |) karce:
x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3
carrying (wheeled vehicle |) carce:
x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3
carrying path x5 of bevri
cars trene (ren re'e):
x1 is a train [vehicle] of |/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4
[a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]
cart x1 of carce
cart 2. carried on | x2 of carce
cart 3. propulsion for | x3 of carce
cart 4. carce:
x1 is a |/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
carted x2 of carce
cartilage bongu (bog bo'u):
x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium]
[x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); |/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)]
carton tanxe (tax ta'e):
x1 is a box/|/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3
cartoon skina (kin):
x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4
[also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; |/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]
carves sraku (rak):
x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[|]/erodes/cuts [into] x2
, spali)
case krefu (ref ke'u):
x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1
[also |, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]
case 2. mupli (mup):
x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/|/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3
cassava species x2 of samcu
cassava x1 of samcu
cassava 2. samcu:
x1 is a quantity of |/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2
castigate sfasa (sfa):
x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)
[also chastise, |, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]
Castillian spano (san):
x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
[metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially | (= sansanbau)]
casts (shoots - any propulsion) cecla (cel ce'a):
x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion]
[also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/| (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]
casts (throws - internal to x1 propulsion) renro (rer re'o):
x1 throws/launches/|/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1)
, danti)
cat species x2 of mlatu
cat x1 of mlatu
cat 2. tirxu:
x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3
[a great | noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]
cat 3. mlatu (lat):
x1 is a |/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline
catalog liste (ste):
x1 (physical object) is a list/|/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4
[also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified)
cataloged x2 of liste
catapult danti (dan):
x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2
[also cannonball, | stone, shot pellet(s)]
catch x1 of kavbu
catch 2. kavbu (kav):
x1 captures/|-es/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3
[| something thrown (= rerkavbu)]
catches kavbu (kav):
x1 captures/|/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3
[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]
categorization (tree-structured |) jutsi (jut):
x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure |]
[also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]
category klesi (kle lei):
x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/|/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)
[also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]
cattle bakni (bak):
x1 is a cow/|/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
caught x2 of kavbu
causation conditions x3 of rinka
cause (agentive | of being broken) spofu (pof po'u):
x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2
[agentive break, | to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
cause (agentive | with purpose) zukte (zuk zu'e):
x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3
[also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive | with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]
cause (agentive |) gasnu (gau):
x1 [person/agent] is an agentive | of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2
cause (antecedent of a result) jalge (jag ja'e):
x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[|] x2 (event/state/process)
[also: x2 gives rise to/[|-s] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
cause (explanation) ciksi (cki):
x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)
[explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of |]
cause anguish x2 of dunku
cause of war x3 of jamna
cause remorse x2 of zungi
cause x1 of rinka
cause 2. see also "nibli" "krinu", "mukti", "jalge", "pruce", "rinka", "zbasu", "galfi", "stika"
cause 3. rinka (rik ri'a):
x1 (event/state) effects/physically |-s effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3
[x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]
caused (of tides/periodic level changes) ctaru:
x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 | by x3
caused (| by people/man) rutni (run):
x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/| by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made
caused x2 of gasnu
caused 2. result | x2 of rinka
causes (physically |) rinka (rik ri'a):
x1 (event/state) effects/physically | effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3
[x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]
causes (| result) jalge (jag ja'e):
x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[cause] x2 (event/state/process)
[also: x2 gives rise to/[|] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
causes (| to slow/stop) jabre:
x1 (agent) brakes/| to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3
causes disgust rigni (rig):
x1 is repugnant to/| to x2 under conditions x3
causing (flaw |) cfila (cfi):
x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 | x3
causing (rason/justification |) krinu (rin ki'u):
x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/|/permitting x2 (event/state)
causing (seasoning | flavor/effect) tsapi:
x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice | flavor/effect x2 (event/property)
[also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]
causing (word | valsi (val vla):
of speech acts), x1 is a word meaning/| x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal)
causing (| problems) raktu (ra'u):
x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) | problem(s) x3
[also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]
causing weight gravity | x3 of junta
causus belli x3 of jamna
caution kajde (jde):
x1 (event/experience) warns/|-s x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property)
[agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]
cautions kajde (jde):
x1 (event/experience) warns/| x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property)
[agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]
cave (sound clue and root of closely related meaning) kevna (kev ke'a):
x1 is a |-ity/hole/hollow/|-rn in x2; x1 is con-| within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1
[also pit, depression, con-|-ity; hollow (= selke'a)]
cavern kevna (kev ke'a):
x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/| in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1
[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]
cavity (oral |) moklu (mol mo'u):
x1 is a/the mouth/oral | [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption)
[(adjective:) x1 is oral]
cavity x1 of kevna
cavity 2. thing having | x2 of kevna
cavity 3. kevna (kev ke'a):
x1 is a |/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1
[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]
cease x1 of sisti
cease 2. sisti (sti):
x1 [agent] |-s/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it]
ceases (stops) sisti (sti):
x1 [agent] |/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it]
ceases (| at an end/termination point) fanmo (fam fa'o):
x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness]
[x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/|/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]
ceases (| to be observed) canci:
x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 | to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3
[also leaves, goes away (one sense)]
ceases (| to due failure) fliba (fli):
x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2
[baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 |/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]
ceiling (part of the bounds of a room) kumfa (kum ku'a):
x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/|/floor x3 (mass/jo'u)
ceiling (roof/lid/top) drudi (rud dru):
x1 is a roof/top/|/lid of x2
over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
celebrate x1 of salci
celebrate 2. salci (sla):
x1 |-s/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3
[x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of '|': funeral (= mrobixsla)]
celebrated (esteemed) sinma (si'a):
x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect]
[also: x2 is respected/esteemed/| (= selsi'a for reordered places)]
celebrated (honored by event/activity) salci (sla):
x2 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; x2 is | with activity x3
[x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]
celebrated (of a celebration) salci (sla):
x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; celebration x3 is | by x1
[x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]
celebrated (renowned) misno (mis mi'o):
x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass)
[also |/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]
celebrated x2 of salci
celebrates salci (sla):
x1 |/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3
[x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]
celebration x3 of salci
celebration 2. salci (sla):
x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; | x3 is celebrated by x1
[x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/|/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]
celebrity misno (mis mi'o):
x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a | among community of persons x2 (mass)
[also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]
celestial (of outer space) kensa (kes):
x1 is outer space near/associated with | body/region x2
celestial (of the sky) tsani (tan):
x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [|]
celestial body x2 of kensa
cell x1 of selci
cell 2. thing having | x2 of selci
cell 3. selci (sle):
x1 is a |/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2
(x2 generally has mass nature)
cell 4. tsiju (tsi):
x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3
[also germ |; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg]
celled jurme (jum):
x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-| life] of species/defining property x2
cello jgita (git):
x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2
[also lute, viola, |]
Celtic skoto (kot ko'o):
x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
[Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), | (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the | tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for |; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish]
cent x1 of fepni
cent 2. money system of | x3 of fepni
cent 3. fepni (fep fei):
x1 is measured in kopeck/| money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3
[also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...)
center (metaphorical narge (nag):
of a nut or nut-like object), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and | x4
[also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]
center (middle) midju (mij):
x1 is in/at the middle/|/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central
center (shopping |) zarci (zac zai):
x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3
[also: mall, marketplace, shopping |, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]
center see also "middle", "neutral", "focus"
centi- (metric prefix) centi (cen):
x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
central midju (mij):
x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is |
cents number of | x2 of fepni
cents 2. worth in | x2 of fepni
ceramic composition x3 of staku
ceramic form x4 of staku
ceramic x1 of staku
ceramic 2. make | x2 of staku
ceramic 3. staku (tak):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4
[made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]
cereal gurni (gru):
x1 is grain/[British: corn]/| from plant/species x2
cerebral (of the brain) besna (ben):
x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control]
[also |]
ceremonialized x2 of ritli
ceremony ritli (ri'i):
x1 is a rite/|/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4
[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs
certain thing x1 of birti
certain birti (bit):
x1 is |/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true
certainty x2 of birti
cesium sodna:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium]
[also potassium, lithium, |]; [soda]
chain material x2 of linsi
chain property x3 of linsi
chain x1 of linsi
chain 2. linsi (lin):
x1 is a length of |/links of material x2 with link properties x3
chair x1 of stizu
chair 2. stizu (tiz):
x1 is a |/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting
chalk form x3 of bakri
chalk source x2 of bakri
chalk x1 of bakri
chalk 2. bakri:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | from source x2 in form x3
challenge property x3 of talsa
challenge x1 of talsa
challenge 2. talsa (tal):
x1 (person) |-s x2 at/in property x3
challenged x2 of talsa
challenges (calls for/demands proof/accountability) talsa (tal):
x1 (person) | x2 at/in property x3
challenges (is difficult) nandu (nad):
x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 | (non-agentive) x2
challenging nandu (nad):
x1 is difficult/hard/| for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2
chamber kumfa (kum ku'a):
x1 is a room/| of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u)
chameleon jbera (jer):
x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4
[credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a | does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]
chance (by |) cunso (cun cu'o):
x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3
[also accidental, chancy, by |, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]
chancy cunso (cun cu'o):
x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3
[also accidental, |, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]
change (expected to |: temporary) zasni (zas):
x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to | in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3
[also transient]
change locus sudden | x2 of suksa
change with sudden | x3 of suksa
changed into thing | x2 of binxo
changed x2 of galfi
changes (adjusts) stika (tik):
x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/| x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3
[non-resultative, causal |; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]
changes (becomes/| into) binxo (bix bi'o):
x1 becomes/|/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3
[resultative, not-necessarily causal, |]
changes (modifies into) galfi (gaf ga'i):
x1 (event) modifies/alters/|/transforms/converts x2 into x3
[causal, resultative |; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]
changes (suddenly :) suksa (suk):
x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply | at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3
[also abrupt, discontinuous]
changes (varies) cenba (cne):
x1 varies/| in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4
[non-resultative, not-necessarily causal |]
channel (canal naxle (nax xle):
man-made or -enhanced waterway), x1 is a canal/| to x2 from x3 with route x4
[x2/x3 may be unordered]
channel (sensory | with noise) savru (sav vru):
x3 of: x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory | x3
channel (sensory |) ganse (gas ga'e):
x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4
[x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory |]
channel (television broadcast |) tivni (tiv):
x3 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/| x3 to television receiver x4
[x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)]
channel noise | x3 of savru
channel 2. television | x3 of tivni
chants sanga (sag sa'a):
x1 sings/| x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3
[melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]
chaos (disorganized) ganzu (gaz):
x1 organizes x2 [relative |] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4
[x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]
chaotic property x2 of kalsa
chaotic x1 of kalsa
chaotic 2. kalsa (kas):
x1 is |/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)
character set x2 of lerfu
character lerfu (ler le'u):
x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/|-set x2 representing x3
[also x1 glyph, rune, | (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]
characteristic x2 of ckaji
characteristics (planetary |) plini:
x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary | x3, orbital parameters x4
characteristics (satellite |) mluni (lun):
x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with | x3, orbital parameters x4
characteristics (temporary |) tcini:
x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2
[| or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]
characterization of era x2 of cedra
characterized (defining an era) cedra:
x1 is an era/epoch/age | by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)
(x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a)
characterized (| by a property) ckaji (kai):
x1 has/is | by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1
[manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]
characterized is | x1 of ckaji
charcoal tabno (tab):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/|; x1 is organic
charge (electric |) dikca (dic):
x1 is electricity [electric | or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative)
[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), | (= klodikca, stadikca)]
charge (has | jatna (ja'a):
leadership), x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-| of vehicle/domain x2
charge amount of | x3 of dikca
charge 2. electric | x1 of dikca
charge 3. object/location holding | x2 of dikca
charged for x4 of pleji
charged x2 of dikca
chart subject x2 of cartu
chart x1 of cartu
chart 2. thing shown on | x3 of cartu
chart 3. cartu (cat):
x1 is a |/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3
charter of a committee x2 of kamni
chartered (of a company/organization) kagni (kag):
x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership | by authority x2 for purpose x3
[also enterprise/organization (if |)]
chase x1 of jersi
chase 2. jersi (je'i):
x1 |-s/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2
[x1 follows after x2]
chased x2 of jersi
chases jersi (je'i):
x1 |/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2
[x1 follows after x2]
chasm fenra (fer fe'a):
x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/|/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2
chasten sfasa (sfa):
x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)
[also chastise, castigate, |, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]
chastise sfasa (sfa):
x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)
[also |, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]
chat nunsnu:
x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3
[also x1 is a |/conversation/discussion/palaver]
chat 2. tavla (tav ta'a):
x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4
[not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/| (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]
chat 3. casnu (snu):
x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2
[also |, converse]
chattel x2 of ponse
cheap (inexpensive) consider metaphor "(na'e)-costly" (= (nalkargu)
cheap (of metal tinci:
tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: | or base metal]
cheat tcica (tic):
x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/|-s/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state)
[agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]
cheats tcica (tic):
x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/|/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state)
[agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]
check (account as at a restaurant), consider metaphor "restaurant-account" (= gustyjanta), "bar-account" (= barjyjanta)
check (used in payment) consider metaphor "bank-money-symbol" (= baxydinsni), "bank-money-(se)-promise" (= baxydinselnu'e)
cheese source x2 of cirla
cheese x1 of cirla
cheese 2. cirla:
x1 is a quantity of/contains |/curd from source x2
chemical element x2 of ratni
chemical purity x3 of xukmi
chemical x1 of xukmi
chemical 2. kind of | x2 of xukmi
chemical 3. xukmi (xum xu'i):
x1 is an instance of substance/|/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3
cheque (used in payment) consider metaphor "bank-money-symbol" (= baxydinsni), "bank-money-(se)-promise" (= baxydinselnu'e)
chest x1 of cutne
chest 2. thing having | x2 of cutne
chest 3. tanxe (tax ta'e):
x1 is a box/carton/trunk/| for contents x2, and made of material x3
chest 4. cutne (cut):
x1 is a/the |/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2
chicken egg sovda (sov so'a):
x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2
[(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), | (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]
chicken species x2 of jipci
chicken x1 of jipci
chicken 2. jipci:
x1 is a |/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2
chicory ckafi (kaf):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2
[brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also | coffee, decaf, postum]
chief (main) ralju (ral):
x1 is principal/|/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka)
[staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]
chief (ultimate leader/commander) jatna (ja'a):
x1 is |/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
chiefly ralju (ral):
x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka)
[staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) |, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]
child (juvenile) verba (ver ve'a):
x1 is a |/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3
[not necessarily human]
child (offspring) panzi (paz):
x1 is a [biological] offspring/|/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial
child (parented) rirni (rir):
x2 of: x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward |/protege x2
child standard x3 of verba
child's age x2 of verba
child x1 of verba
child 2. x2 of patfu
child 3. see also "procreate", "boy", "girl", infant"
chime x2 of janbe
chime 2. janbe (jab):
x1 is a bell/|/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2
[also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]
chimpanzee smani:
x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/| of species/breed x2
Chinese aspect x2 of jungo
Chinese x1 of jungo
Chinese 2. jungo (jug):
x1 reflects | [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
chlorine x1 of kliru
chlorine 2. kliru:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [|, fluorine, iodine, etc.]
[also bromine; default |]
chocolate x1 of cakla
chocolate 2. cakla:
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/cocoa
choice (something chosen) cuxna (cux cu'a):
x2 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [|] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)
[also prefer (= nelcu'a)]
choice (the set of alternatives that can be chosen) cuxna (cux cu'a):
x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [|] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)
[also prefer (= nelcu'a)]
choices x3 of cuxna
choose x1 of cuxna
choose 2. cuxna (cux cu'a):
x1 |-s/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)
[also prefer (= nelcu'a)]
chooses cuxna (cux cu'a):
x1 |/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)
[also prefer (= nelcu'a)]
chopsticks cinza:
x1 is a/are tong(s)/|/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3
chosen x2 of cuxna
Christian (as part of the Judeo-Christian-Muslim monotheistic tradition) jegvo (jeg je'o):
x1 pertains to the common Judeo-|-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2
Christian aspect x2 of xriso
Christian x1 of xriso
Christian 2. xriso (xis xi'o):
x1 pertains to the | religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2
chrome metal x2 of romge
chrome x1 of romge
chrome 2. romge (rog):
x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often |-ium]
chromium romge (rog):
x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often |]
chromosome jgina (gin):
x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3
[also | = (gincilta, ginpoi)]
chunk spisa (spi):
x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/|/particle of x2 [substance]
church (organized | lijda (jda):
a mass of people), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3
[also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized |/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
church (temple) malsi (mas):
x1 is a temple/|/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3
[x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]
chutzpah darsi:
x1 shows audacity/| in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka)
[x1 is bold]
cigar maker x3 of sigja
cigar material x2 of sigja
cigar x1 of sigja
cigar 2. sigja (sig):
x1 is a |/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3
cigarette sigja (sig):
x1 is a cigar/|/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3
cigarillo sigja (sig):
x1 is a cigar/cigarette/| made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3
cinema (film) skina (kin):
x1 is a |/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4
[also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]
cinema audience x4 of skina
cinema x1 of skina
cipher (encoded text) mifra (mif):
x1 is encoded/| text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code
[code (= termifra)]
cipher x3 of mifra
ciphertext mifra (mif):
x1 is encoded/| of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code
[code (= termifra)]
circle (ideal form) tarmi (tam tai):
x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract)
[also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/|-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. | (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]
circle (ring) djine (jin):
x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/| [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4
[also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]
circle (round object) cukla (cuk):
x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/|/ring
[normally used for a filled-in |/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']
circle-shaped (object with form) tarmi (tam tai):
x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract)
[also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/| (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]
circling sruri (rur sru):
x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3
[(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/|/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]
circuit clupa (cup):
x1 is a loop/| of x2 [material]
[also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]
circular (of a round object) cukla (cuk):
x1 is round/| [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring
[normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']
circular (of an object) tarmi (tam tai):
x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract)
[also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. |/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]
circumstance (| for replacement) basti (bas):
x3 of: x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in | x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute
[also: x1 trades places with x2]
circumstances (properties of a situation) tcini:
x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/| of x2
[characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]
circumvented something | x2 of fanta
CIS softo (sof):
x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR/| culture/nationality in aspect x2
cite x1 of sitna
cite 2. sitna (sit):
x1 |-s/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u)
cited information x3 of sitna
cited x2 of sitna
cites sitna (sit):
x1 |/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u)
citrus species x2 of nimre
citrus x1 of nimre
citrus 2. nimre:
x1 is a quantity of | [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2
city (| of suburb) jarbu:
x1 is a suburban area of |/metropolis x2
city block tapla:
x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4
[a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; '|' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)]
city extent x2 of tcadu
city hinterland x4 of tcadu
city of suburb x2 of jarbu
city x1 of tcadu
city 2. polity with | x3 of tcadu
city 3. tcadu (tca):
x1 is a town/| of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4
[also (adjective:) x1 is urban]
civil (pertaining to a polity/citizen) jecta (jec je'a):
x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship]
[(adjective:) x1 is |/political]
civil (polite) clite (lit):
x1 is polite/courteous/| in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3
[also formal, ritual]
claims xusra (xus xu'a):
x1 (agent) asserts/|/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority]
[also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]
clambers cpare (par):
x1 climbs/|/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
clammy (pertaining to clay) kliti (kit):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, | dirt] of composition including x2
clamor savru (sav vru):
x1 is a noise/din/| [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3
clan lanzu (laz):
x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3
[also |, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]
clarinet xagri:
x1 is a oboe/|/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2
class (category) klesi (kle lei):
x1 (mass/si'o) is a |/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)
[also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]
class (upper-|) nobli (nol no'i):
x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2
[also upper-|; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]
class x1 of klesi
class 2. contain | x2 of klesi
class 3. define | x3 of klesi
class 4. structure word | x2 of cmavo
classification klesi (kle lei):
x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/|/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)
[also type, kind, |, species, genus, family, order, phylum]
claw x1 of jgalu
claw 2. thing having | x2 of jgalu
claw 3. jgalu (ja'u):
x1 is a/the |/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon]
clawed x2 of jgalu
clay composition x2 of kliti
clay x1 of kliti
clay 2. staku (tak):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4
[made of baked | or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]
clay 3. kliti (kit):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2
clean x1 of jinsa
clean 2. jinsa (jis):
x1 (object) is |/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3
cleaned away material | x2 of jinsa
cleaning material x4 of lumci
cleaning material 2. lumci (lum lu'i):
x4 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with | material(s) x4
[agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]
cleanness standard x3 of jinsa
cleanser x4 of lumci
cleanses lumci (lum lu'i):
x1 (agent) washes/| x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4
[agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]
cleansing lumci (lum lu'i):
x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4
[agentless washing/| (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]
clear (understandable) see also "understand"; consider metaphor "easy-(se)-understand" (= filseljmi)
clear x1 of klina
clear 2. klina (kli):
x1 (object/medium) is |/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-| x2 [transmission]
[also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/| (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)]
clearly transmitted | x2 of klina
cleft fenra (fer fe'a):
x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/|/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2
clerical lijda (jda):
x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3
[also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/| (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
climate tcima (tim ti'a):
x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological
[| (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]
climb x1 of cpare
climb 2. cpare (par):
x1 |-s/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
climbed direction | x3 of cpare
climbed 2. surface | x2 of cpare
climbing (purpose of stairs) serti (ser):
x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for | structure x2 with steps x3
climbing tool x4 of cpare
climbs (on a surface) cpare (par):
x1 |/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
clitoris pinji:
x1 is a/the |/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2
[normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), | (= fetpinji)]
cloak (outer garment) kosta (kos):
x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/|/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2
cloak (robe/full length garment) pastu (pas):
x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/|/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2
[also coveralls (= paspalku)]
clock mechanism x4 of junla
clock x1 of junla
clock 2. measured by | x2 of junla
clock 3. junla (jul):
x1 is |/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4
[also timepiece]
clone (copy) fukpi (fuk fu'i):
x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/| of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)
closable botpi (bot bo'i):
x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/| container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4
close (near) jibni (jbi):
x1 is near/| to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)
close similarity (parallel) panra:
x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4
[also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme |/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]
closed (not open) ganlo (ga'o):
x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is |/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3
[as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]
closed curve clupa (cup):
x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material]
[also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); | defined by set of points (= cuptai)]
closed off x2 of ganlo
closed x1 of ganlo
closure stopped by | x3 of ganlo
cloth (fabric) bukpu (buk bu'u):
x1 is an amount of |/fabric of type/material x2
cloth (knitted |) nivji (niv):
x2 of: x1 (agent) knits x2 [|/object] from yarn/thread x3
cloth (woven) jivbu:
x2 of: x1 weaves | x2 from material/[yarn] x3
cloth material x2 of bukpu
cloth x1 of bukpu
clothesless lunbe (lub):
x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/|/[protection]
clothing taxfu (taf ta'u):
x1 is dress/a garment/| for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3
[also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]
cloud base elevation x4 of dilnu
cloud material x2 of dilnu
cloud x1 of dilnu
cloud 2. dilnu (dil):
x1 is a |/mass of |s of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4
cloudy x3 of dilnu
cloying dukse (dus du'e):
x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3
[| (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]
clump bakfu (baf):
x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/|/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3
clumsiness standard x2 of juxre
clumsy x1 of juxre
clumsy 2. juxre (jux):
x1 (action) is |/awkward by standard x2
cluster (clump/bundle) bakfu (baf):
x1 is a bundle/package/|/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3
cluster (group) girzu (gir gri):
x1 is group/|/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; | (= kangri)]
clutches jgari (jai):
x1 grasps/holds/|/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2)
[hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]
co-occurs thing which | x2 of cabna
coal source x2 of kolme
coal x1 of kolme
coal 2. kolme (kol ko'e):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2
coarse rufsu (ruf):
x1 is rough/|/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity
[fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]
coast with bay x2 of zbani
coast zbani:
x2 of: x1 is a bay in/of |/shoreline x2
coat markings tirxu:
x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with | x3
[a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]
coat material x2 of kosta
coat x1 of kosta
coat 2. kosta (kos):
x1 is a |/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2
cock jipci:
x1 is a chicken/[hen/|/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2
cockroach species x2 of jalra
cockroach x1 of jalra
cockroach 2. jalra:
x1 is a |/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2
[also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants)
cocoa cakla:
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/|
code of conduct x3 of bilga
code system x3 of mifra
code x1 of mifra
code 2. x3 of mifra
code 3. in | x1 of mifra
code 4. ckiku (kik):
x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3
[also x2 fastener, mechanism; | key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]
code 5. mifra (mif):
x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by |/coding system x3; x1 is in |; x3 is a |
[| (= termifra)]
coding system mifra (mif):
x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/| x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code
[code (= termifra)]
coffee bean x2 of ckafi
coffee x1 of ckafi
coffee 2. ckafi (kaf):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | from source/bean/grain x2
[brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory |, decaf, postum]
cogitates pensi (pes pei):
x1 thinks/considers/|/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2
[also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]
cohesive (of a shape/form) dirgo (dig):
x1 is a drop [small, | shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3
coin (money) jdini (din di'i):
x1 is money/|/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal
['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper | (= pledi'i)]
coin value x3 of sicni
coin x1 of sicni
coin 2. issue | x2 of sicni
coin 3. sicni (si'i):
x1 is a |/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4
coitus (event of copulation), consider metaphor "(nu)-copulate" (= nungle)
coitus 2. gletu (let gle):
x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has |/sexual intercourse with x2
[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]
cold x1 of lenku
cold 2. dunra (dur):
x1 is winter/wintertime [| season] of year x2 at location x3
cold 3. lenku (lek):
x1 is |/cool by standard x2
coldness standard x2 of lenku
collar material x3 of karli
collar x1 of karli
collar 2. thing having | x2 of karli
collar 3. karli:
x1 is a |/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3
[also sphincter]
collared x2 of karli
collection data | x3 of datni
collection 2. girzu (gir gri):
x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also |, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
collector (tax |) cteki (tek ce'i):
x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/| x4
[also custom, toll, tariff, tribute]
collects (non-agentive) jmaji (jaj):
x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/| at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u)
[also focus (= seljmaji)]
college ckule (kul cu'e):
x1 is school/institute/academy/|/university at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5
collide x1 of janli
collide 2. janli (jal):
x1 |-s with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2
(also | = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects)
collided with x2 of janli
collides janli (jal):
x1 | with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2
(also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects)
colloid mixre (mix xre):
x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/|/commingling with ingredients including x2
[x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]
colony cecmu (cem ce'u):
x1 is a community/| of organisms x2
color (dark |) xekri (xek xe'i):
x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [| adjective]
color (perceived |) skari (ska):
x2 of: x1 is/appears to be of |/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4
[conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]
color (| of ink) xinmo (xim):
x2 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of |/pigment x2 used by writing device x3
color conditions x4 of skari
color of x2 of skari
color ink | x2 of xinmo
color 2. perceive | x3 of skari
color 3. xekri (xek xe'i):
x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [| adjective]
color 4. blanu (bla):
x1 is blue [| adjective]
color 5. bunre (bur bu'e):
x1 is brown/tan [| adjective]
color 6. cicna:
x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [| adjective]
color 7. nukselcinta:
x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red |
color 8. grusi (rus):
x1 is gray [| adjective]
color 9. crino (ri'o):
x1 is green/verdant [| adjective]
color 10. nukni (nuk):
x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [| adjective]
color 11. narju (naj):
x1 is orange [| adjective]
color 12. zirpu (zir zi'u):
x1 is purple/violet [| adjective]
color 13. xunre (xun xu'e):
x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [| adjective]
color 14. blabi (lab):
x1 is white/very-light colored [| adjective]
[pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]
color 15. pelxu (pel):
x1 is yellow/golden [| adjective]
colored x1 of skari
colors (bright |) carmi (cam cai):
x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3
[also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in |, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]
colors (light |) blabi (lab):
x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective]
[pale forms of other | are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]
colors (pale |) kandi (kad):
x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3
[in |, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]
colt xirma (xir xi'a):
x1 is a horse/equine/[|/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2
[(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]
column material x2 of kamju
column x1 of kamju
column 2. kamju:
x1 is a |/pillar of material x2
[spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]
comb material x2 of komcu
comb tooth x3 of komcu
comb x1 of komcu
comb 2. komcu (kom):
x1 is a | [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3
combat damba (dab da'a):
x1 fights/|-s/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/|-ant
[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]
combatant damba (dab da'a):
x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/|
[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]
combats damba (dab da'a):
x1 fights/|/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant
[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]
combines (agentive) jmina (min):
x1 adds/| x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3
combining-form rafsi (raf):
x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/| for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4
combustion (supporting | kijno (kij):
of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/|]
combustion temperature x2 of jelca
combusts spoja (poj po'a):
x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/| into pieces/energy/fragments x2
come x1 of klama
come 2. balvi (bav):
x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former
[also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, |(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)]
come 3. klama (kla):
x1 |-s/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5
[also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]
comedian xajmi (xam):
x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2
[also: x1 is a | (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional |)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising)
comely melbi (mel mle):
x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4
[also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, |, graceful]
comes klama (kla):
x1 |/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5
[also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]
comeuppance jerna:
x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity)
[also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/| (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]
comfort (feels |) kufra (kuf):
x1 feels |/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2
comfort (that which causes |) kufra (kuf):
x2 of: x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2; x2 is a | to x1
comfort x1 of kufra
comfort 2. x2 of kufra
comfortable x1 of kufra
comfortable 2. make | x2 of kufra
comfortable 3. kufra (kuf):
x1 feels comfort/is | with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2
comic xajmi (xam):
x1 is funny/|-al to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2
[also: x1 is a comedian/| (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian/|)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising)
comical xajmi (xam):
x1 is funny/| to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2
[also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising)
command (something obeyed) tinbe (tib):
x1 obeys/follows the |/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient
command x1 of minde
command 2. minde (mid mi'e):
x1 issues |-s/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is |-ed to occur
[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a |-er; |-ed (= termi'e)]
commanded (a result that is ordered) minde (mid mi'e):
x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is | to occur
[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; | (= termi'e)]
commanded (receives a command/order) minde (mid mi'e):
x2 of: x1 issues commands/orders to | x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur
[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; | (= termi'e)]
commanded x2 of minde
commanded 2. result | x3 of minde
commander (issuer of commands) minde (mid mi'e):
x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur
[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a |; commanded (= termi'e)]
commander (person in-charge) jatna (ja'a):
x1 is captain/|/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
commander obeyed x3 of tinbe
commands minde (mid mi'e):
x1 issues |/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur
[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]
commences cfari (cfa):
x1 [state/event/process] |/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)
commended x2 of zabna
comment subject x2 of pinka
comment x1 of pinka
comment 2. x3 of pinka
comment 3. make | x3 of pinka
comment 4. pinka (pik):
x1 (text) is a |/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4
[also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]
commentary x1 of pinka
commented on x2 of pinka
commented to x4 of pinka
comments (makes remarks) pinka (pik):
x3 of: x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4
[also: x3 |/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]
commercial canja (caj):
x1, x2 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman
[also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are | (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics)
commingling mixre (mix xre):
x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/| with ingredients including x2
[x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]
commits (promises) nupre (nup nu'e):
x1 (agent) promises/|/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim]
commits aggression gunta (gut):
x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/| upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3
commits see "does"/"do", "acts"/"act"
committee (steering |) turni (tru):
x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2
[x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering | (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]
committee purpose x2 of kamni
committee x1 of kamni
committee 2. charter of a | x2 of kamni
committee 3. thing having | x3 of kamni
committee 4. kamni:
x1 (mass) is a | with task/purpose x2 of body x3
[board of directors/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)]
committing aggression (an event of aggression) gunta (gut):
x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/| upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4
commodity (something sold) vecnu (ven ve'u):
x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/|] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4
[x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a | (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/|, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/| (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]
commodity (something traded) canja (caj):
x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters |/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman
[also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a | (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/|, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/| (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics)
commodity (| with a price) jdima (di'a):
x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4
[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/|, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]
commodity of trade x2 of canja
commodity of trade 2. x3 of canja
commodity nunve'u:
x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5
[x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4
common (instantiated/exemplified | property) mupli (mup):
x2 of: x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of | property(s) x2 of set x3
common (ordinary) fadni (fad):
x1 [member] is ordinary/|/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)
[also: x2 is a normal/|/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]
common (property | to a group) girzu (gir gri):
x1 is group/cluster/team showing | property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
common (property |/universal to a set) kampu (kau):
x1 (property - ka) is |/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set)
common (very ignoble) tolno'i:
x1 is |/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2
[also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
common (vulgar/ignoble) nalno'i:
x1 is |/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2
[also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
common (| locus jorne (jon jo'e):
juncture), x3 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at | locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union
[also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]
common property set with | x2 of kampu
common x1 of kampu
commoner nalnolpre:
x1 is a |/non-elite/low-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2
[also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors]
commonly cafne (caf):
x1 (event) often/frequently/|/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2
communicate (use of a language) bangu (ban bau):
x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/| x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)
[also tongue]
communication (| system with node/station) tcana:
x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/|/distribution system/network x2
[x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]
communism turni (tru):
x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2
[x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure | (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]
community (mass of organisms) cecmu (cem ce'u):
x1 is a |/colony of organisms x2
community (| ashamed before) ckeji (kej cke):
x2 of: x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before |/audience x3
community (| establishing ritual) ritli (ri'i):
x3 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in | x3, with form/rules x4
[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs
community (| governed by law) flalu (fla):
x3 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for | x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5
[x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]
community (| governed by rule javni (jva):
x3 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/| x3
[regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]
community (| managing park) panka:
x2 of: x1 is a park/land reserve managed by |/polity/company x2 for purpose x3
community (| privy to public resource) gubni (gub):
x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among | x2 (mass)
community (| recognizing celebrity/fame) misno (mis mi'o):
x2 of: x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among | of persons x2 (mass)
[also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]
community (| served by army) jenmi (jem jei):
x2 of: x1 (mass) is an army serving group/| x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)
community (| tending garden/field) purdi (pud):
x2 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/|/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3
[orchard (= ricpurdi)]
community with law x3 of flalu
community with rite x3 of ritli
community x1 of cecmu
community 2. language | x2 of bangu
community 3. religious | x2 of cevni
community 4. those who live in | x2 of cecmu
companion kansa (kan):
x1 is with/accompanies/is a | of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state)
[x1 is together with/along with x2]
company purpose x3 of kagni
company x1 of kagni
company 2. authorize | x2 of kagni
company 3. kagni (kag):
x1 is a |/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3
[also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]
compare x1 of karbi
compare 2. karbi (kab):
x1 [observer] |-s x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining |-ison x5 (state)
compared with x3 of karbi
compared x2 of karbi
compared 2. property | x4 of karbi
compares (observer who |) karbi (kab):
x1 [observer] | x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)
comparison (order of | for sequence) porsi (por poi):
x2 of: x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by |/rules x2 on unordered set x3
[also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified)
comparison (result of comparing) karbi (kab):
x5 of: x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining | x5 (state)
comparison x5 of karbi
compartment (sliding |) dacru (dac):
x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding |] container for contents x3
compatible mapti (mat):
x1 fits/matches/suits/is |/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3
compel bapli (bap bai):
x1 [force] (ka) forces/|-s event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest
[also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]
compelled thing x2 of bapli
compeller x1 of bapli
compels bapli (bap bai):
x1 [force] (ka) forces/| event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest
[also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]
compensates pleji (lej le'i):
x1 pays/|/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4
[also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)]
compete x1 of jivna
compete 2. jivna (jvi):
x1 |-s/vies with opponent x2 in contest/|-ition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2
[also x2 opponent(s), |-itor(s), rival(s); x3 |-ition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]
competent certu (cre):
x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3
[also |, skilled]
competes jivna (jvi):
x1 |/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2
[also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]
competition (contest) jivna (jvi):
x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/| x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2
[also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 |, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]
competition (| won) jinga (jig ji'a):
x4 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in | x4
[also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)];
competition goal x4 of jivna
competition won x4 of jinga
competition x3 of jivna
competition 2. beaten in | x3 of jinga
competitively (play |) kelci (kel kei):
x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2
[play game (= ci'erkei), play | (= jvikei)]
competitor (those who compete) jivna (jvi):
x1 and x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2
[also x2 opponent(s), |(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]
competitor x3 of jinga
competitor 2. losing | x3 of jinga
competitors (| who lose) jinga (jig ji'a):
x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [|/losers] in competition x4
[also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 | here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)];
complain x1 of pante
complains pante (pat):
x1 protests/objects to/| about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4
(x4 is an event or tu'a quotation)
complaint x4 of pante
complement x1 of sarxe
complemented x2 of mapti
complemented 2. x2 of sarxe
complete (finished) mulno (mul mu'o):
x1 (event) is |/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3
[also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]
complete (whole munje (muj mu'e):
of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [| and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3
[also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]
complete x1 of mulno
completed purci (pur pru):
x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter
[time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is | before x2 starts (= mu'opru)]
completely filled culno (clu):
x1 is full/| with x2
completely mulno (mul mu'o):
x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3
[also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, |, entirely]
completes snada (sad):
x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/|/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3
[also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
completion property x2 of mulno
completion standard x3 of mulno
complex pluja (luj):
x1 is |/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3
[also tangled, confused]
complexity (| having structure) stura (tur su'a):
x2 of: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/|]
(x2, if a set, is completely specified)
complexity property x2 of pluja
complexity standard x3 of pluja
complicated x1 of pluja
complicated 2. pluja (luj):
x1 is complex/|/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3
[also tangled, confused]
component (part/piece) pagbu (pag pau):
x1 is a part/|/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1
[partly (= selpau)]
component (| of a mixture) mixre (mix xre):
x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2
[x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/|/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]
component (| of a salad) salta:
x2 of: x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/|-s including x2
[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of x1]
component (| of a sauce) sanso:
x3 of: x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3
[x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of sauce x1]
component (| of a soup) stasu:
x2 of: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2
[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of x1]
component (| of plastic/polymer) slasi (las):
x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/| unit(s) x2
component of mass x2 of gunma
components (| of a mass) gunma (gum):
x2 of: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of | x2, considered jointly
[A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]
components (| used to make something) zbasu (zba):
x3 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/| x3
[should not be used to express causation]
components system | x3 of ciste
components 2. ciste (ci'e):
x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among |/elements x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka)
[x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties]
composed music zgike (zgi gi'e):
x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event)
[x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); | (= fingi'e)]
composes (creates/invents) finti (fin fi'i):
x1 invents/creates/|/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4
[x1 is creative/inventive]
composite (composed of layers) senta (set):
x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/| x3
composition x2 of marji
composition 2. acid | x2 of slami
composition 3. air | x3 of vacri
composition 4. alkali | x2 of jilka
composition 5. brass | x2 of lastu
composition 6. bronze | x2 of ransu
composition 7. ceramic | x3 of staku
composition 8. clay | x2 of kliti
composition 9. cream | x2 of kruji
composition 10. crystal | x2 of krili
composition 11. dirt | x3 of dertu
composition 12. fog | x2 of bumru
composition 13. gas | x2 of gapci
composition 14. glass | x2 of blaci
composition 15. ice | x2 of bisli
composition 16. jelly | x2 of jduli
composition 17. liquid | x2 of litki
composition 18. metal | x2 of jinme
composition 19. paste | x2 of pesxu
composition 20. rubber | x3 of ckabu
composition 21. salt | x3 of silna
composition 22. sand | x3 of canre
composition 23. soap | x3 of zbabu
composition 24. solid | x2 of sligu
composition 25. starch | x3 of jalna
composition 26. steel | x2 of gasta
composition 27. sugar | x3 of sakta
compound predicate word lujvo (luv jvo):
x1 (text) is a | with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4
compound predicate x1 of lujvo
compound affix | x1 of lujvo
compound 2. argument of affix | x3 of lujvo
compound 3. meaning of affix | x2 of lujvo
compound 4. metaphor of affix | x4 of lujvo
compound 5. phrase | x1 of tanru
comprehend jimpe (jmi):
x1 understands/|-s fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3
comprehends jimpe (jmi):
x1 understands/| fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3
comprehensively (of a universe) munje (muj mu'e):
x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3
[also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which | encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]
comprehensively see also "complete", "full"
comprise (members girzu (gir gri):
of a group), x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) | group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
comprised of (of a group) girzu (gir gri):
x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also collection, team, |, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
comprising girzu (gir gri):
x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4
[also collection, team, comprised of, |; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]
computer purpose x2 of skami
computer x1 of skami
computer 2. skami (sam):
x1 is a | for purpose x2
computes (calculates) kanji (kaj):
x1 calculates/reckons/| x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4
computes (computer) skami (sam):
x1 | for purpose x2
concave (of a dish) palta:
x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly | food service bed] made of material x2
concave (of a hollow place) kevna (kev ke'a):
x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is | within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1
[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]
concavity kevna (kev ke'a):
x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1
[also pit, depression, |; hollow (= selke'a)]
concealing (of a cover) gacri (gai):
x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/|/sheltering x2
conceals mipri (mip):
x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/| x2
[intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]
concentrated denmi (dem):
x1 is dense/|/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3
concept (assigned meaning of an affix/combining-form) rafsi (raf):
x2 of: x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/| x2, form/properties x3, language x4
concept (existing in the imagination) xanri (xar):
x1 [|] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2
[also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]
concept (idea) sidbo (sib si'o):
x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/|/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3
[also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]
concept (| thought about) pensi (pes pei):
x2 of: x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/| x2
[also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]
conceptual (| shape/form) tarmi (tam tai):
x1 [ideal] is the | shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract)
[also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]
concern (matter which pertains to someone) cuntu (cu'u):
x1 is an affair/matter/|/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business
[x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)]
concerned x2 of nabmi
concerns srana (ra'a):
x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/|/is related/associated with/is about x2
[also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]
concluding (effect of logic) logji (loj):
x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/|/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u)
[also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]
conclusion (| of antecedent) jalge (jag ja'e):
x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/| of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)
[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
conclusion x2 of logji
concord (in |) sarxe (sax):
x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/| with x2 in property x3 (ka)
concordant sarxe (sax):
x1 is harmonious/|/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)
concrete (| example of a concept) sucta (suc):
x2 of: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something |] by rules x3
concurrent cabna (cab):
x1 or x2 of: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/|/simultaneous with x2 in time
[time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other]
condemns dapma (dap):
x1 curses/damns/| x2 to fate (event) x3
[curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]
condensate x1 of lunsa
condensate 2. lunsa (lus):
x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/| on x2
condensation point x3 of lunsa
condensation pressure x4 of lunsa
condensation site x2 of lunsa
condense x1 of lunsa
condense 2. lunsa (lus):
x1 |-s/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/|-ate on x2
condenses lunsa (lus):
x1 |/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2
condiment tsapi:
x1 is a seasoning/|/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)
[also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]
condition (material |) rinka (rik ri'a):
x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3
[x1 is a material | for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]
condition (medical |) spita:
x3 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for |/injuries/disease/illness x3
[hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]
condition (medical | 2. mikce (mic):
something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4
[also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]
condition (necessary |) sarcu (sa'u):
x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3
[also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, |, precondition]
condition (situation) tcini:
x1 [state/property] is a situation/|/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2
[characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]
condition (| in which companions are accompanying) kansa (kan):
x3 of: x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/|/enterprise x3 (event/state)
[x1 is together with/along with x2]
condition (| permitted) curmi (cru):
x2 of: x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2
[sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a | (= tcinycru)]
condition (| stubbornly resisted/opposed) xarnu:
x2 of: x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state)
[x2 may be a person, a state or |, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]
condition automaticity | x3 of zmiku
condition 2. covered | x3 of binra
condition 3. difficulty | x3 of nandu
condition 4. likelihood | x2 of lakne
condition 5. medical | x3 of spita
condition 6. nervousness | x3 of xanka
condition 7. permission | x3 of curmi
condition 8. possibility | x2 of cumki
condition 9. randomness | x2 of cunso
condition 10. replacement | x3 of basti
condition 11. sufficiency | x3 of banzu
conditional x3 of nitcu
conditions for law x4 of flalu
conditions of becoming x3 of binxo
conditions ability | x3 of kakne
conditions 2. behavior | x3 of tarti
conditions 3. causation | x3 of rinka
conditions 4. color | x4 of skari
conditions 5. constancy | x3 of stodi
conditions 6. custom | x3 of tcaci
conditions 7. disgust | x3 of rigni
conditions 8. easiness | x3 of frili
conditions 9. error | x3 of srera
conditions 10. firmness | x3 of jdari
conditions 11. freedom | x3 of zifre
conditions 12. gas | x3 of gapci
conditions 13. liquidity | x3 of litki
conditions 14. loss | x3 of cirko
conditions 15. manual | x3 of macnu
conditions 16. method | x3 of tadji
conditions 17. morality | x3 of marde
conditions 18. necessity | x3 of sarcu
conditions 19. observing | x4 of zgana
conditions 20. offer | x4 of friti
conditions 21. peril | x3 of ckape
conditions 22. pleasing | x3 of pluka
conditions 23. power | x3 of vlipa
conditions 24. problem | x3 of nabmi
conditions 25. radiation | x3 of dirce
conditions 26. reaction | x4 of frati
conditions 27. seeing | x3 of viska
conditions 28. seeming | x4 of simlu
conditions 29. sensing | x4 of ganse
conditions 30. softness | x3 of ranti
conditions 31. solidity | x3 of sligu
conditions 32. solution | x4 of runta
conditions 33. stiffness | x4 of tinsa
conditions 34. ticket | x4 of pikta
conditions 35. variance | x4 of cenba
conditions 36. viscosity | x2 of viknu
conditions 37. nunvi'a:
x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under | x4
[also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived]
conditions 38. yield | x3 of randa
conducive ferti (fre):
x1 is fertile/| for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific
[also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]
conduct code of | x3 of bilga
conduct 2. tadji:
x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3
[also practice/way/mode; style/manner/| (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]
conductor (electrical |) tunka (tuk):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical |]
conductor (| of an orchestra/band) bende (bed be'e):
x3 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4
(x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 |; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]
conducts (behaves) tarti (tra):
x1 behaves/| oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3
[also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]
conducts (guides) gidva (gid gi'a):
x1 (person/object/event) guides/|/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event)
[a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]
conducts (manages) jitro (tro):
x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/| x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance)
[x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]
cone material x2 of konju
cone of conifer x3 of ckunu
cone vertex x3 of konju
cone x1 of konju
cone 2. konju (kon ko'u):
x1 is a | [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3
[also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]
cone 3. ckunu (ku'u):
x1 is a |-ifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with |-s x3
cones (of conifer) ckunu (ku'u):
x3 of: x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with | x3
confidant x2 of sivni
confidential sivni (siv):
x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/|/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden
[also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]
confined (of a prisoner) pinfu (pif):
x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/| by means/force x3
confined (privy/restricted) sivni (siv):
x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/|] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden
[also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]
confined (| to specific locus) diklo (klo):
x1 is local to x2; x1 is | to locus x2 within range x3
[indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?]
confinement (limit) jimte (jit):
x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[|] of x2 in property/domain x3
[restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
confinement (| of a prisoner) is "tu'a te pinfu" a locative element within an abstraction in the x3 place of pinfu, or consider metaphor "prisoner-container" (= pifyvau), "prisoner-(se)-at" (= pifselzva)
confinement see also "restraint"
confiscates (removes) vimcu (vic vi'u):
x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4
[also appropriates, |; alienation is inherent]
confiscates (takes/seizes) lebna (leb le'a):
x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor)
[also |, appropriates]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]
confused (complicated) pluja (luj):
x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3
[also tangled, |]
confused x2 of cfipu
confuses (event affecting an observer) cfipu (fi'u):
x1 (event/state) |/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)
confuses (gets perplexed cfipu (fi'u):
of an observer), x2 of: x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)
[also x2 | x1]
confusing property x3 of cfipu
confusing x1 of cfipu
confusing 2. cfipu (fi'u):
x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [|] property x3 (ka)
congregation x2 of lijda
congruent (equal) dunli (dun du'i):
x1 is equal/| to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3
[same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]
congruent (parallelling) panra:
x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4
[also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[|]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]
conifer species x2 of ckunu
conifer x1 of ckunu
conifer 2. cone of | x3 of ckunu
conifer 3. ckunu (ku'u):
x1 is a |/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3
conjectures smadi:
x1 guesses/|/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]
[also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
conjunct 1st | x2 of kanxe
conjunct 2. 2nd | x3 of kanxe
conjunction (logical) kanxe (kax):
x1 is a logical |, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true
conjunction x1 of kanxe
connection (network |) nirna (nir):
x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network |]
[also (adjective:) x1 is neural]
connects (fastens) lasna (la'a):
x1 (agent) fastens/|/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4
[no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached]
connects (of a route) pluta (lut lu'a):
x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set)
[a route merely | origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]
connects to (is joined to) jorne (jon jo'e):
x1 is joined to/|/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union
[also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]
connotation (derogative |) mabla (mal):
x1 is a derogative |/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1
[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]
connotation (favorable/amelorative |) zabna (zan za'a):
x1 is a favorable |/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3
connotation (implied/suggested meaning) sinxa (sni):
x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3
[also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), | (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]
conscience marde (mad):
x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3
[x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also | (= sezmarde)]
conscious (awake) cikna (cik):
(adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/|
conscious (aware/discerning of) sanji (saj):
x1 is |/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract)
[also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]
conscious x1 of sanji
consciousness object of | x2 of sanji
consciousness 2. menli (men):
x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[|] of body x2
[(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]
consequence x2 of krinu
consequence 2. jalge (jag ja'e):
x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/| of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)
[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
consequence 3. jalge (jag ja'e):
x1 (action/event/state) is a result/|/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)
[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
consideration (requires |) nabmi (nam):
x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3
[also: x1 requires | by x2]
considered x2 of pensi
considers see also "opines"
considers 2. pensi (pes pei):
x1 thinks/|/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2
[also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]
consistency see also "texture", "thick"
consistent stodi (sto):
x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3
[also stable/|/steadfast/firm/steady]
constancy conditions x3 of stodi
constant [adj] x1 of stodi
constant property x2 of stodi
constant stodi (sto):
x1 is |/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3
[also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]
constrain (| within limits) jimte (jit):
x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3
[restrain/| within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
constrained rinju (ri'u):
x1 is restrained/held [back]/|/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)
[also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]
constrains (of a force) bapli (bap bai):
x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest
[also |; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]
constrains (prevents) fanta:
x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/| event x2 from occurring
constrains (restrains) rinju (ri'u):
x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)
[also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/| x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]
constraints (| on a ritual) ritli (ri'i):
x4 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4
[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 |/customs
consul jansu (jas):
x1 is a diplomat/| representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4
[(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]
consumed x2 of xaksu
consumer (purchaser at a price) jdima (di'a):
x3 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/| x3 set by vendor/offeror x4
[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]
consumes (eats) citka (cti):
x1 eats/ingests/| (transitive verb) x2
consumes (uses up xaksu (xak):
of an event), x1 (event) uses up/depletes/|/[wastes] x2 [resource]
[waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]
contact (as a basis for friction) mosra (mos):
x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to |/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3
[also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]
contact (in | with) lamji (lam la'i):
x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in | with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4
[also touching, contiguous, against]
contain class x2 of klesi
contain island x3 of daplu
contain x1 of vasru
contain 2. x2 of nenri
contain 3. vasru (vas vau):
x1 |-s/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel |-ing x2
[also accommodates, |-er; |-ment need not be total; x2 is [|-ed] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
contained x2 of vasru
contained 2. vasru (vas vau):
x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2
[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [|] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
container (book as | of a work) cukta (cku):
x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5
[x1 is a manifestation/| [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
container (closable |) botpi (bot bo'i):
x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable | for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4
container (deep |) patxu (pax):
x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep | for contents x2, of material/properties x3
container (empty |) kunti (kut):
x1 [|] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow
[also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]
container (flat |) palne:
x1 is a tray/platter/flat | [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3
[also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]
container (general term: vessel) vasru (vas vau):
x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2
[also accommodates, |; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
container (housing for a drawer) dacru (dac):
x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] | for contents x3
container (sealed |) lante:
x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed | for perishable contents x2, made of x3
container (shallow |) tansi (tas):
x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow | for contents x2, of material/properties x3
[also bowl]
container (storage |) sorcu (soc sro):
x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3
[x3 need not be a |, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]
container (wide-topped |) baktu:
x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped | of contents x2, made of material x3
container (| drank out of) pinxe (pix):
x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of |/source x3
container for stores x3 of sorcu
container see also "basket", "box", "cup", "sack", "bundle", "pocket"
containing (book |) cukta (cku):
x1 is a book | work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5
[x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
containing (bundle |) bakfu (baf):
x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] | x2, held together by x3
containing (container |) vasru (vas vau):
x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel | x2
[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
containing (cup |) kabri:
x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] | contents x2, and of material x3
[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]
containment (container) vasru (vas vau):
x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2
[also accommodates, container; | need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
containment (encirclement) sruri (rur sru):
x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3
[(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total | in some dimension(s)]
containment (total |) nenri (ner ne'i):
x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2]
[indicates total |]; (cf. se vasru (for | that need not be total))
containment (| for a store/supply) sorcu (soc sro):
x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in | x3
[x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]
contaminant (clean of |) jinsa (jis):
x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/|/dirt x2 by standard x3
contaminant (| removed by washing) lumci (lum lu'i):
x2 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/| x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4
[agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]
contends (| against) fapro (fap pro):
x1 opposes/balances/|/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract)
content (| of a book) cukta (cku):
x2 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5
[x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/|, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
content (| of a letter) xatra (xa'a):
x4 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with | x4
(cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the |, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject')
content (| of a message) notci (not noi):
x2 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4
[emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for '|'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]
content (| of a periodical) karni:
x2 of: x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with | x2 published by x3 for audience x4
[x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]
content letter | x4 of xatra
contention x3 of bradi
contention 2. in | x3 of damba
contention 3. in | x3 of fapro
contention 4. in | x3 of jamna
contents (| of a basket) lanka:
x2 of: x1 is a basket with | x2, woven from material x3
contents (| of a box) tanxe (tax ta'e):
x2 of: x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for | x2, and made of material x3
contents (| of a bucket) baktu:
x2 of: x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of | x2, made of material x3
contents (| of a can) lante:
x2 of: x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable | x2, made of x3
contents (| of a container) vasru (vas vau):
x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes | x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2
[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
contents (| of a cup) kabri:
x2 of: x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing | x2, and of material x3
[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]
contents (| of a drawer/file) dacru (dac):
x3 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for | x3
contents (| of a pan) tansi (tas):
x2 of: x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for | x2, of material/properties x3
[also bowl]
contents (| of a pot) patxu (pax):
x2 of: x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for | x2, of material/properties x3
contents (| of a sack) dakli:
x2 of: x1 is a sack/bag with | x2, and of material x3
contents (| of a tray) palne:
x2 of: x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of | x2, and made of material x3
[also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]
contents (| of an oven) toknu (tok):
x2 of: x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its |] for baking/heating/drying x2
contents of a bundle x2 of bakfu
contents of bottle x2 of botpi
contents of sack x2 of dakli
contents x2 of vasru
contents 2. basket | x2 of lanka
contents 3. box | x2 of tanxe
contents 4. bucket | x2 of baktu
contents 5. can | x2 of lante
contents 6. cup | x2 of kabri
contents 7. drawer | x3 of dacru
contents 8. pan | x2 of tansi
contents 9. pot | x2 of patxu
contents 10. tray | x2 of palne
contest x3 of jivna
contest 2. jivna (jvi):
x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in |/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2
[also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]
context (environment) vanbi (vab):
x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/|/ambience of x2
[(adjective:) x1 is ambient]
context politeness | x2 of clite
context 2. see also "conditions", "environment", "surroundings", "situation"
contiguous lamji (lam la'i):
x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4
[also touching, |, against]
contingent x2 of sarcu
continue x1 of ranji
continue 2. ranji (ra'i):
x1 (event/state) |-s/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is |-ous over x2
continue 3. kuspe (kup ku'e):
x1 ranges/extends/|-s/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2
continues ranji (ra'i):
x1 (event/state) |/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2
continues 2. kuspe (kup ku'e):
x1 ranges/extends/|/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2
continuing (| after a pause) denpa (dep de'a):
x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/| x4 (activity/process)
[(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]
continuing (| after starting before) purci (pur pru):
x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter
[time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is | during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)]
continuity interval x2 of ranji
continuous (| over interval) ranji (ra'i):
x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is | over x2
continuum (having layers) senta (set):
x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/|/composite x3
contraction (periodic | ctaru:
as a tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion/|] in x2 caused by x3
contracts jdika:
x1 (experiencer) decreases/|/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3
contradicted x2 of natfe
contradicts natfe (naf na'e):
x1 (du'u) |/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3
[also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a)
contrary (ironical) ranxi (rax):
x1 is ironic(al)/| to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3
contrary (polar opposite) dukti (dut):
x1 is polar opposite from/| to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o)
contrasts frica (fic):
x1 differs/is distinct from/| with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3
[also other-than (less common meaning)]
control (brain as metaphor for menatl |) besna (ben):
x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental |]
[also cerebral]
control (has | over/manages/harnesses) jitro (tro):
x1 has | over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance)
[x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. gidva - which does not necessarily | or command)
control (has |/mastery/power) vlipa (vli):
x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3
[also potent, has |/mastery]
control (neuron as metaphor for | network) nirna (nir):
x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/| network connection]
[also (adjective:) x1 is neural]
control apparatus x3 of cabra
control x1 of jitro
controled by muscle x2 of sluji
controlled (harnessed/managed) jitro (tro):
x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance)
[x2 are aspects/individuals | within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]
controlled (of an apparatus) cabra (ca'a):
x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 |/[triggered] by x3 (agent)
[form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]
controlled (of territory) tutra (tut):
x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/| by x2
controlled activity x3 of jitro
controlled falling sfubu (sub su'u):
x1 dives/swoops [manner of |] to x2 from x3
controlled x2 of jitro
controller (of an apparatus) cabra (ca'a):
x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by | x3 (agent)
[form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]
controller (of territory) tutra (tut):
x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by | x2
controlling (muscle |) sluji (slu):
x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] | x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power]
[(adjective:) x1 is muscular]
controls territory x2 of tutra
convection jicla:
x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2
[| (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]
convention (theme of a movie) skina (kin):
x2: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4
[also motion picture; x2 may be a | rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]
convention (theme of a play) draci:
x2: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5
[x2 may also be a |]
convention (theme of a poem) pemci (pem):
x2: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4
[x2 may be a | rather than a subject]
convention (theme of a story) lisri (lis):
x2: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4
[also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a | rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]
convention (theme of a work of fiction) cfika (fik fi'a):
x2: x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under | x2 by author x3
[also story, lie, untrue]
convention (theme of prose) prosa (ros ro'a):
x2: x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4
[non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a | rather than a subject]
convention (| governing marriage) speni (spe):
x3 of: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/| x3
convention (| governing mathematical expression) mekso (mek me'o):
x2 of: x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/| x2
conversation nunsnu:
x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3
[also x1 is a chat/|/discussion/palaver]
converse (discuss) casnu (snu):
x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2
[also chat, |]
converse (talk with others) tavla (tav ta'a):
x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4
[not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); |/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]
conversion (| from fractions to decimal notation) saclu:
x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity)
[| from fractions to decimal-point based notation]
converts (becomes) binxo (bix bi'o):
x1 becomes/changes/|/transforms into x2 under conditions x3
[resultative, not-necessarily causal, change]
converts (modifies) galfi (gaf ga'i):
x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/| x2 into x3
[causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]
convexity punli (pul):
x1 is a swelling/protrusion/| [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3
[(adjective:) x1 is swollen]
conviction (has |) krici (kri):
x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3
[also gives credence, has |]
convinced birti (bit):
x1 is certain/sure/positive/| that x2 is true
cook x1 of jukpa
cook 2. jukpa (jup):
x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)
[| with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]
cooked (sound clue not identical in meaning) kukte (kuk):
x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity]
[x1 is a delicacy]
cooked in oven x2 of toknu
cooked x2 of jukpa
cooking method x3 of jukpa
cooks jukpa (jup):
x1 |/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)
[cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]
cool lenku (lek):
x1 is cold/| by standard x2
cooperative zarci (zac zai):
x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3
[also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, |, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]
coordinates judri:
x1 is an address of/are | of x2 in system x3
coparent x3 of rorci
coparent 2. rorci (ror):
x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with | x3
copied x2 of fukpi
copper (in brass) lastu:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [|/zinc alloy] of composition including x2
[(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]
copper x1 of tunka
copper 2. tunka (tuk):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor]
coppery tunka (tuk):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: |, electrical conductor]
copulate x1 of gletu
copulate 2. gletu (let gle):
x1 |-s/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2
[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]
copulated with x2 of gletu
copulates gletu (let gle):
x1 |/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2
[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]
copy medium x3 of fukpi
copy x1 of fukpi
copy 2. fukpi (fuk fu'i):
x1 is a |/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)
copying method x4 of fukpi
coral panje:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material
[also metaphorically used for |, Swiss cheese]
cord material x2 of skori
cord x1 of skori
cord 2. skori (sko):
x1 is |/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2
cordage skori (sko):
x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/|/woven strands of material x2
cords (tangled |) jgena (jge):
x2 of: x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects)
[knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more | (= jgeterjo'e)]
cork source x2 of korka
cork x1 of korka
cork 2. korka (kok):
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/bark from tree/species x2; [material]
corkscrew (sound clue not identical in meaning) korcu (kro):
(adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded
corn zumri (zmu):
x1 is a quantity of maize/| [grain] of species/strain x2
corn 2. gurni (gru):
x1 is grain/[British: |]/cereal from plant/species x2
corner (planar angle) jganu (jga):
x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3
[also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 |; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]
corner (solid angle) kojna (koj ko'a):
x1 is a |/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3
[also apex; a | exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]
corner material x3 of kojna
corner x1 of kojna
corner 2. x2 of kurfa
corner 3. thing having | x2 of kojna
corporal (of a body/corpus) xadni (xad):
x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/corporeal
corporation kagni (kag):
x1 is a company/|/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3
[also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]
corporeal xadni (xad):
x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/|
corpse xadni (xad):
x1 is a/the body/corpus/| of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal
corpus xadni (xad):
x1 is a/the body/|/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal
correct (proper) drani (dra):
x1 is |/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4
correct (punish) sfasa (sfa):
x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)
[also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, | (one sense); also x4 penalty]
correct x1 of drani
correctness situation x3 of drani
correctness standard x4 of drani
correctness x2 of drani
correspondence (letter) xatra (xa'a):
x1 is a letter/missive/[note]/| to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4
(cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a | may not easily be categorized to a 'subject')
correspondence (parallelism) panra:
x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4
[also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/| across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]
correspondence (sound |) rimni (rim):
x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound | x4 (ka)
[broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound |]
corresponds mapti (mat):
x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/| to/with x2 in property/aspect x3
corridor klaji (laj):
x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3
[also |; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
cosmos munje (muj mu'e):
x1 is a universe/| [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3
[also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]
cost (amount exchanged in sale transaction) vecnu (ven ve'u):
x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/|/expense x4
[x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on |/price/value distinction)
cost (amount in cents/minor money units) fepni (fep fei):
x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3
[also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/|/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...)
cost (amount in dollars/pounds/major money units) rupnu (rup ru'u):
x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3
[also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/|/value]
cost (price set by seller) jdima (di'a):
x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4
[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as |/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for '|')
cost sale | x4 of vecnu
cost 2. nunve'u:
x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5
[x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4
costliness standard x3 of kargu
costly x1 of kargu
costly 2. find | x2 of kargu
costly 3. kargu:
x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is |/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3
[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erkargu for unambiguous semantics)]
cotton x1 of mapni
cotton 2. mapni:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [type of fabric/material]
couch sfofa (sfo):
x1 is a sofa/| [noun]
cough x1 of kafke
cough 2. kafke:
x1 |-s/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3
coughed from orifice | x3 of kafke
coughed up x2 of kafke
coughs up (predominantly liquid or solid) see "vomit"
coughs kafke:
x1 |/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3
count (quantity on scale) klani (lai):
x1 is a quantity/| quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o)
count (value result of counting) kancu (kac):
x3 of: x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/|] counting [off] by units x4
(x2 is complete set)
count x1 of kancu
count 2. x3 of kancu
count 3. repeat | x2 of rapli
counted number | x3 of kancu
counted 2. set | x2 of kancu
counter (one who counts) see "counts"
counter (shelf) kajna:
x1 is a shelf/|/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3
counter x1 of kancu
counting by kancu (kac):
x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] | [off] by units x4
(x2 is complete set)
counting off kancu (kac):
x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] | [off] by units x4
(x2 is complete set)
counting units x4 of kancu
country (rural) nurma (num):
x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the |
country (territory of a people) gugde (gug gu'e):
x1 is the | of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship)
[also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]
country x1 of gugde
country 2. people of | x2 of gugde
country 3. territory of | x3 of gugde
countrymen x2 of gugde
counts on lacri (lac):
x1 relies/depends/|/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)
counts kancu (kac):
x1 (agent) | the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4
(x2 is complete set)
courageous virnu (vri):
x1 is brave/valiant/| in activity x2 (event) by standard x3
course (part of a meal) sanmi (sai):
x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2
[x2 is a |/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]
course (route) pluta (lut lu'a):
x1 is a route/path/way/|/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set)
[a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]
courted cinse (cin):
x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4
[also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/| by x2 (= cinfri)]
courteous clite (lit):
x1 is polite/|/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3
[also formal, ritual]
courts (behaves sexually) cinse (cin):
x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4
[also: x1 |/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)]
cousin bond x3 of tamne
cousin x1 of tamne
cousin 2. x2 of tamne
cousin 3. thing having | x2 of tamne
cousin 4. tamne:
x1 is | to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation]
[probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)]
cover (lid) gacri (gai):
x1 is a |/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2
cover (outer |/crust/skin) pilka (pil pi'a):
x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer | of x2
, gacri)
cover (protective |/shield) bandu (bad):
x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)
[also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective |/shield (= badgai)]
cover x1 of gacri
coveralls pastu (pas):
x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[|] [a long/full body garment] of material x2
[also | (= paspalku)]
covered condition x3 of binra
covered x2 of gacri
covered 2. bumru (bum):
x1 is foggy/misty/| by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2
covering (of a lid) gacri (gai):
x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for |/concealing/sheltering x2
covering (of a shell) calku (cak):
x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective |] around x2 composed of x3
covering (of curtains) murta (mur mu'a):
x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for |/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3
covering (of shoes) cutci (cuc):
x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for |/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3
[also boot (= tupcutci)]
covering pencil | x3 of pinsi
covering 2. see also "shelter", "clothing"
covering 3. thing having loose | x2 of kluza
cow bakni (bak):
x1 is a |/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
crab jukni (juk):
x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/|/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2
crack x1 of fenra
crack 2. fenra (fer fe'a):
x1 is a |/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2
cracked x2 of fenra
cracks porpi (pop po'i):
x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/|] into pieces x2
craft x2 of larcu
craft 2. propellant of sailing | x2 of falnu
craft 3. sailing | x3 of falnu
craft 4. larcu (lar):
x2 of: x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of |/skill x2 (idea/activity)
[(adjective:) x1 is artistic]
crap kalci:
x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter)
[also |]
crap 2. festi (fes):
x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity)
[also shit, |; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]
crashes (| into) janli (jal):
x1 collides with/|/bumps/runs into x2
(also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects)
crate tanxe (tax ta'e):
x1 is a box/carton/trunk/| for contents x2, and made of material x3
crated x2 of tanxe
crawls cpare (par):
x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/| on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
crayon pinsi (pis):
x1 is a pencil/|/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3
[also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]
craziness standard x2 of fenki
crazy x1 of fenki
crazy 2. fenki (fek):
x1 (action/event) is |/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2
cream composition x2 of kruji
cream x1 of kruji
cream 2. kruji (ruj):
x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2
[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]
crease (formed by folding) polje (plo):
x3 of: x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming |(s)/bend(s) x3
[for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]
crease (general term: noun) cinje (cij):
x1 is a wrinkle/|/fold [shape/form] in x2
crease (verb: forming a fold/crease) polje (plo):
x1 (force) folds/|-s x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3
[for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]
crease [n] x3 of polje
crease folding | x3 of polje
creased x2 of polje
creases polje (plo):
x1 (force) folds/| x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3
[for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]
created x2 of zbasu
created 2. zbasu (zba):
x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/|/manufactured out of x3
[should not be used to express causation]
creates (invents) finti (fin fi'i):
x1 invents/|/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4
[x1 is creative/inventive]
creates (makes) zbasu (zba):
x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/| x2 out of materials/parts/components x3
[should not be used to express causation]
creation x2 of finti
creation 2. x2 of zbasu
creative (art larcu (lar):
| application), x1 (process) is an art [| application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity)
[(adjective:) x1 is artistic]
creative (of a creation/composition/invention) finti (fin fi'i):
x2 of: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4
[x1/x2 is |/inventive]
creative (of a creator/inventor/author) finti (fin fi'i):
x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4
[x1/x2 is |/inventive]
creature (animal) danlu (dal da'u):
x1 is an animal/| of species x2; x1 is biologically animate
creature (living thing jgina (gin):
having genes), x2 of: x1 is a gene of | [or locus on |] x2 determining trait/process x3
[also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]
creatures (mythical |) ranmi (ram):
x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4
[also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid | of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)]
credence (gives |) krici (kri):
x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3
[also gives |, has conviction]
credit jbera (jer):
x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4
[| (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]
creditor x3 of dejni
creditor 2. dejni (dej):
x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to | x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor
creed (belief) krici (kri):
x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/| x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3
[also gives credence, has conviction]
creed (religion) lijda (jda):
x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3
[also mythos, |, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
creed (system of tenets of a religion) lijda (jda):
x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing |/common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3
[also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/| of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
creed x3 of lijda
creeps cpare (par):
x1 climbs/clambers/|/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
crew members x2 of bende
crew purpose x4 of bende
crew x1 of bende
crew 2. lead | x3 of bende
crew 3. bende (bed be'e):
x1 is a |/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4
(x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]
cricket jalra:
x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2
[also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); | (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants)
cried out x2 of krixa
crier krixa (kix ki'a):
x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a |
cries (weeps) klaku (kak):
x1 weeps/| tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)
cries (| out) krixa (kix ki'a):
x1 | out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier
crime x1 of zekri
crime 2. hold as | x2 of zekri
crime 3. zekri (zer zei):
x1 (event/state) is a punishable |/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2
[taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]
crimson xunre (xun xu'e):
x1 is red/|/ruddy [color adjective]
crisis (event/state causing panic) xalni:
x2 of: x1 (person) is panicked by | x2 (event/state)
crook (hook) genxu (gex):
x1 is a hook/| [shape/form] of material x2
crooked korcu (kro):
(adjective:) x1 is bent/|/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded
crop x3 of purdi
crop 2. crepu (rep):
x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers |/product/objects x2 from source/area x3
crop 3. purdi (pud):
x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/| x3
[orchard (= ricpurdi)]
crop 4. sombo (som so'o):
x1 sows/plants x2 [|/plants] at/in x3
crops cange (cag):
x4 of: x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian
[also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant |]
cross kruca (kuc):
x1 intersects/|-es/traverses x2 at locus x3
crossed x2 of kruca
crossed 2. x2 of ragve
crosses kruca (kuc):
x1 intersects/|/traverses x2 at locus x3
crow cmoni (cmo co'i):
x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)
[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, |]
crown mapku (map):
x1 is a cap/hat/|/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2
CRT vidni:
x1 is a video monitor/|/screen [machine] serving function x2
cruel x1 of kusru
cruel 2. kusru (kus):
x1 (person) is |/mean/unkind to victim x2
cruelty object of | x2 of kusru
crumbs (result of crushing) marxa (max):
x2 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/|/deformed mass x3
crushed x2 of marxa
crushed 2. x2 of zalvi
crushes (mashes) marxa (max):
x1 [force] mashes/|/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3
crushes (pulverizes) zalvi (zal):
x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/| x2 into powder x3
[may need mosra tanru]
crust x1 of pilka
crust 2. thing having | x2 of pilka
crust 3. pilka (pil pi'a):
x1 is a |/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2
, gacri)
crustacean jukni (juk):
x1 is a spider/arachnid/[|/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2
cry (out) krixa (kix ki'a):
x1 |-ies out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a |-ier
cry out 2. x1 of krixa
cry x2 of krixa
crystal (crystalline) krili:
x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3
[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]
crystal (ice |) bisli (bis):
x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen |] of composition/material x2
[composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]
crystal composition x2 of krili
crystal structure x3 of krili
crystal x1 of krili
cube dimensionality polyhedron | x2 of kubli
cube side of | x3 of kubli
cube 2. kurfa (kur):
x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2)
[also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), | (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]
cube 3. kubli (kub):
x1 is a |/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6)
(cf. kurfa - needed for '|', bliku for a physical object)
cubit standard x3 of gutci
cubit x1 of gutci
cubit 2. gutci (guc):
x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits
[foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), | (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
cubits number of | x2 of gutci
cubits 2. sub-unit of | x4 of gutci
cuisine restaurant | x2 of gusta
cul-de-sac klaji (laj):
x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/|/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3
[also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
cult censa (ces):
x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/|/group x2
cultivar (| of onions) sluni:
x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/| x2
cultivar (| of plant) spati (spa):
x2 of: x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/| x2
[also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]
cultivar (| of potato/tuber) patlu:
x2 of: x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/| x2
(use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber)
cultivar (| of rice) rismi (ris):
x2 of: x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/| x2
cultivar (| of trees) tricu (ric):
x2 of: x1 is a tree of species/| x2
cultivated (| field purdi (pud):
garden), x1 is a garden/tended/| field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3
[orchard (= ricpurdi)]
culturally significant latna:
(symbolic plant/herb), x1 is a lotus, | plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4
culturally significant 2. ranmi (ram):
x1 is a myth/legend, a | story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4
[also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)]
culture with lotus x4 of latna
culture with myth x4 of ranmi
culture with nobles x2 of nobli
culture x1 of kulnu
culture 2. thing having | x2 of kulnu
culture 3. kulnu (klu):
x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is | of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic
[(note that x2 is NOT individual; | is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]
cup contents x2 of kabri
cup material x3 of kabri
cup x1 of kabri
cup 2. kabri:
x1 is a |/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3
[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]
cupful dekpu:
x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits
[gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), | (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
curb korbi (kor koi):
x1 is an edge/margin/border/|/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3
curd cirla:
x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/| from source x2
cure (treatment for an ailment) mikce (mic):
x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/| x4
[also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully | transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]
cure x4 of mikce
cures (treats for an ailment) mikce (mic):
x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[|]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4
[also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]
curiosity object of | x2 of kucli
curious x1 of kucli
curious 2. kucli:
x1 is |/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)
[inquisitive (= retkucli)]
curly hair sunla (sul):
x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight | hair] from animal/species/source x2
currency jdini (din di'i):
x1 is money/| issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal
['|' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]
current (electrical |) dikca (dic):
x1 is electricity [electric charge or |] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative)
[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); | (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron |), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]
current (flow) flecu (fle):
x1 is a |/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4
[x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)]
current (present) cabna (cab):
x1 is | at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time
[time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other]
current in amperes x2 of xampo
current xampo (xap xa'o):
x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3
curriculum x3 of ckule
curse x1 of dapma
curse 2. dimna (dim):
x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, | are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1
[fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]
curse 3. dapma (dap):
x1 |-s/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3
[| with a specific expression (= dapsku)]
cursed x2 of dimna
cursed/blessed by another that | x2 of dapma
curses (condemns) dapma (dap):
x1 |/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3
[curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]
curses (uses derogative terminology) mabla (mal):
x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'| at' x2 in form x1
[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]
curtain material x3 of murta
curtain x1 of murta
curtain 2. murta (mur mu'a):
x1 is a |/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3
curtained aperture x2 of murta
curve (bend/turn) kruvi (ruv kru):
x1 is a |/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4
[(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]
curve (closed |) clupa (cup):
x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material]
[also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed | defined by set of points (= cuptai)]
curve (knee/elbow as metaphoric for sharp bend/|) cidni (cid):
x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3
[metaphor: a sharp bend/|]
curve locus x3 of kruvi
curve x1 of kruvi
curve 2. define | x4 of kruvi
curved x2 of kruvi
curved 2. kruvi (ruv kru):
x2 of: x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4
[(adjective:) x1 is |; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]
curves around bargu (bag):
x1 arches/| x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3
[also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
curves over bargu (bag):
x1 arches/| /around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3
[also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
cushion material x3 of kicne
cushion x1 of kicne
cushion 2. kicne (kic ki'e):
x1 |-s x2 with material x3; x1 is a |/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3
cushioned x2 of kicne
cushions (acts as a cushion) kicne (kic ki'e):
x1 | x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3
cusses (uses derogative terminology) mabla (mal):
x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'| at' x2 in form x1
[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]
custodian kurji (kuj ku'i):
x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person)
[also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/| of x2]
custom (duty/tax) cteki (tek ce'i):
x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4
[also |, toll, tariff, tribute]
custom (habit) tcaci (cac):
x1 is a |/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3
[also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]
custom (| governing courtesy) clite (lit):
x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/| x3
[also formal, ritual]
custom (| governing marriage) speni (spe):
x3 of: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/|/tradition/system/convention x3
custom (| governing possession/ownership) ponse (pos po'e):
x3 of: x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/| x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3
(x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent)
custom (| governing ritual) ritli (ri'i):
x3 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by |/in community x3, with form/rules x4
[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs
custom conditions x3 of tcaci
custom x1 of tcaci
customarily cafne (caf):
x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/| occurs/recurs by standard x2
customary tcaci (cac):
x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3
[also: x1 is |/usual/the practice]
customer x3 of sabji
customer 2. restaurant | x3 of gusta
customers (| cooperatively participating in/operating a market) zarci (zac zai):
x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3
[also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and | in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]
customers bar | x3 of barja
customs (| comprising culture) kulnu (klu):
x1 [mass of ideas, |, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic
[(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]
customs (|/forms comprising ritual) ritli (ri'i):
x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4
[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/|
cut by knife x2 of dakfu
cut by shears x2 of jinci
cut x1 of katna
cut 2. be | x2 of katna
cut 3. piece | x3 of katna
cut 4. see also "scratch" for a cut that does not divide into pieces, or perhaps use a metaphor like "partial-cut" (= paurka'a, nalmulka'a)
cut 5. katna (ka'a):
x1 (tool/blade/force) |-s [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3
[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive |-ting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]
cute melbi (mel mle):
x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4
[also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, |, comely, graceful]
cuts (into and turns up) plixa (lix):
x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [| into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4
cuts (into pieces) katna (ka'a):
x1 (tool/blade/force) | [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3
[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]
cuts (into kakpa:
removing material), x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4
[also x1 | x3 (with material removal)]
cuts (scratches sraku (rak):
), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/| [into] x2
, spali)
cutter x1 of katna
cutting (agentive | through) katna (ka'a):
x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3
[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive | (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. sraku for | into without division)
cutting (carving/scratching) sraku (rak):
x1 [abrasive/|/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2
, spali)
cutting (of a knife) dakfu (dak):
x1 is a knife (tool) for | x2, with blade of material x3
cutting (of scissors) jinci:
x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for | x2
cutting see also "cut"
cyan x1 of cicna
cyan 2. cicna:
x1 is |/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective]
cycles slilu (sli):
x1 oscillates/| at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification)
[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]
cyclical (periodic) dikni (dik):
x1 is regular/|/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3
[also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]
cyclical (| expansion ctaru:
of a tide), x1 is a tide [|/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3
cyclical interval (season) citsi:
x1 is a season/is seasonal [|], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3
[also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]
cylinder (shape/form) slanu:
x1 is a | [shape/form] of material x2
cylinder (| of tubing) tubnu (tu'u):
x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow | [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3
[also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]
cylinder material x2 of slanu
cylinder x1 of slanu
cymbal damri:
x1 is a drum/|/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2
