English-Lojban dictionary

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b

baa cmoni (cmo co'i): x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, |, crow]
baboon smani: x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/|/chimpanzee of species/breed x2
baby cifnu (cif): x1 is an infant/| [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 [also infantile]
back (held |) rinju (ri'u): x1 is restrained/held [|]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [|]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]
back (moves |) xruti (xru): x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 | to x3 from x4 [x2 goes |/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]
back (posterior/behind) trixe (rix ti'e): x1 is posterior/behind/|/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]
back and forth slilu (sli): x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, |, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]
back and forth 2. desku (des): x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, |, reciprocal motion]
background (| heard against) tirna (tin): x3 of:x1 hears x2 against |/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural
background (| of color) skari (ska): x4 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 [conditions may include lighting, |, etc.]
background (| of seeing) x3 of: viska (vis vi'a): x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, |, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]
background noise x3 of tirna
background ambient | x3 of tirna
background 2. nunvi'a: x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, |, etc. which may affect what is perceived]
bacon xarju (xaj): x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/|-producer] of species/breed x2 [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]
bacteria jurme (jum): x1 is a |/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2
bactrian kumte: x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 [llama (= tcokumte), | camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]
bad (morally) palci (pac): x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally |] by standard x2
bad find | x2 of xlali
bad 2. xlali (xla): x1 is | for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 [be careful to distinguish between a |/unacceptable event, and a |/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]
badness standard x3 of xlali
baffle (sound clue not identical in meaning) fliba (fli): x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]
baffled (fails fliba (fli): various meanings associated with failure), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 [| (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]
baffles (confuses) cfipu (fi'u): x1 (event/state) confuses/| x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)
baffles (disrupts/hinders) zunti (zun zu'i): x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) [also blocks, obstructs, |; not necessarily forcing cessation]
baffles (problem/event producing failure) fliba (fli): x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 [| (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]
bag dakli: x1 is a sack/| with contents x2, and of material x3
bagged x2 of dakli
baggy x1 is a loose, |, bloused shirt /=/ luzycreka
Bahasa (Malay-Indonesian word for 'language') baxso: x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2
bake jukpa (jup): x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) [cook with heat (= glajukpa), | (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]
baked (of ceramic/clay) staku (tak): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 [made of | clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]
baked goods x2 of toknu
baked x2 of toknu
baking (purpose of an oven) toknu (tok): x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for |/heating/drying x2
balance lanxe (lax): x1 is in |/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass)
balances (opposes) fapro (fap pro): x1 opposes/|/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract)
balancing forces x2 of lanxe
balconied x2 of balni
balcony building with | x2 of balni
balcony 2. balni: x1 is a |/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2
ball material x2 of bolci
ball bolci (bol boi): x1 is a |/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] [also round]
ballistic danti (dan): x1 is a | projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]
balls ganti: x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/|/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]
banal fadni (fad): x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) |, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]
banana species x2 of badna
banana badna: x1 is a |/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2
band (ring form) djine (jin): x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also |, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]
band (ring/belt) karli: x1 is a collar/ring/belt/| around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 [also sphincter]
band (strip) dasri (sri): x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/|/stripe of material x2
band (surrounding) sruri (rur sru): x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/|/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]
band (team) bende (bed be'e): x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/| of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]
Bangladesh bengo (beg): x1 reflects Bengali/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
bank banxa (bax): x1 is a | owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)
banker x2 of banxa
banking function banxa (bax): x3 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for |(s) x3 (event)
banking functions x3 of banxa
banking system banxa (bax): x2 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in | x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)
banner lanci: x1 is a flag/|/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4
bar (shelf) kajna: x1 is a shelf/counter/| in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3
bar (supporting rail) garna (gar): x1 is a rail/railing/| [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3
bar (tavern) barja: x1 is a tavern/|/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3
bar customers x3 of barja
bar fare of a | x2 of barja
bar 2. patrons of a | x3 of barja
bar 3. served in | x2 of barja
bare lunbe (lub): x1 is |/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection]
bark korka (kok): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/| from tree/species x2; [material]
bark 2. cmoni (cmo co'i): x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. |, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow]
barley species x2 of bavmi
barley bavmi: x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2
barrel dekpu: x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), | (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
barrier (| to penetration) pagre (gre): x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates |/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]
barrier x2 of pagre
barrier 2. see also "obstacle", "wall"
barters canja (caj): x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/| commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics)
basal jicmu (cmu): x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/|/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]
base (alkali) jilka (jil): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/| of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]
base (bottom) jicmu (cmu): x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the |/bottom of x2 [x2 is founded on | x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be |-s/bottoms for objects)]
base (numerical) saclu: x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in | x3 (quantity) [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation]
base (of metal inexpensive), consider metaphor "(na'e)-costly-metal" (= nalkargyjinme)
base (of metal 2. tinci: tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: | or base metal]
base (paint) cinta: x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a | of x3
base (support) zbepi (zbe): x1 is a pedestal/|/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 [pallet (= lafyzbe)]
base (| of exponential) tenfa (tef): x1 is the exponential result of | x2 to power/exponent x3
base (| of fork) forca (fro): x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on |/support x4
base (| of logarithm) dugri (dug): x1 is the logarithm of x2 with | x3
base (| of table) jubme (jub jbu): x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/|/pedestal x3
base elevation cloud | x4 of dilnu
base elevation 2. dilnu (dil): x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/| x4
base metal tinci: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or |]
base of table x3 of jubme
base set sequence | x3 of porsi
base decimal | x3 of saclu
base 2. exponential | x2 of tenfa
base 3. logarithm | x3 of dugri
base 4. paint | x3 of cinta
based x2 of jicmu
baseline (basis for being high) galtu (gal ga'u): x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with |/standard height x3 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/|, or is that | itself]
baseline (basis for being low) dizlo (diz dzi): x3 of: x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with |/standard height x3 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/|, or is that | itself]
basic (of a base jicmu (cmu): foundation, or underlying principle), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is |/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]
basic (| subunit selci (sle): indivisible), x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most | subunit of x2 (x2 generally has mass nature)
basin tansi (tas): x1 is a pan/|/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 [also bowl]
basis (grounds for an opinion) jinvi (jiv ji'i): x4 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on | x4 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
basis (underlying/fundamental principle) jicmu (cmu): x1 is a |/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 [x2 is founded on | x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]
basis for authority catni (ca'i): x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on | x3
basis of invention x4 of finti
basis authority | x3 of catni
basis 2. thing having | x2 of jicmu
basket contents x2 of lanka
basket material x3 of lanka
basket lanka: x1 is a | with contents x2, woven from material x3
bath jinru (jir): x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 [take a |/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]
bathe jinru (jir): x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 [take a bath/| (= jirsezlu'i)]
bathes jinru (jir): x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/| in liquid x2 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]
bay coast with | x2 of zbani
bay 2. zbani: x1 is a | in/of coast/shoreline x2
bazaar zarci (zac zai): x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, |, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]
be cut x2 of katna
bead material x2 of bidju
bead bidju: x1 is a |/pebble [shape/form] of material x2
beaded x2 of bidju
beam nejni (nen): x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 [ray/| (= nenli'i)]
bean (coffee) ckafi (kaf): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/|/grain x2 [brew based on a seed/|/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum]
bean (soya) sobde (sob so'e): x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/|] of species/strain x2
bean coffee | x2 of ckafi
bean 2. dembi (deb): x1 is a |/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2
bear species x2 of cribe
bear young x2 of jbena
bear (carry) bevri (bev bei): x1 carries/hauls/|-s/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]/|-er [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
bear (ursoid) cribe (rib): x1 is a |/ursoid of species/breed x2
bear (give birth to) jbena (jbe): x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 |-s/gives birth to x1]
bearing (load-| structure) greku (rek): x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-|/determining the form of x2
bears (carries) bevri (bev bei): x1 carries/hauls/|/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]
bears (gives birth to) jbena (jbe): x2 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 |/gives birth to x1]
bears (mothers) mamta (mam): x1 is a mother of x2; x1 |/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological]
bears fruit x2 of grute
beast mabru (mab): x1 is a mammal/'animal'/| of species x2
beat (sound clue not identical in meaning) bikla (bik): x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion]
beat rilti (ril): x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/| of music/expressive form x2 [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]
beaten in competition x3 of jinga
beater (| of a percussion instrument) damri: x2 of: x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with |/actuator x2
beats darxi (dax da'i): x1 hits/strikes/[|] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4
beau x2 of prami
beautiful find | x2 of melbi
beautiful 2. melbi (mel mle): x1 is |/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]
beauty property x3 of melbi
beauty standard x4 of melbi
because (| of abstraction) see "mukti" (motive), "jalge" (antecedent of result), "zukte" (purpose), "krinu" (justiciation), "rinka" (physical cause), "nibli" (entailment), "xlura" (lure/influence), "tcica" (deception)
because (| of person) see "zukte" (agent with purpose), "gasnu" (agent)
become (melt runme (rum): | liquid), x1 melts [| liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]
become (| attached) lasna (la'a): x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 | attached]
become (| filled [up]) tisna (tis): x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/| inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)]
become (| inoperable) spofu (pof po'u): x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to | inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
become (| whole/complete) mulno (mul mu'o): x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has | whole in property x2 by standard x3 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]
become see words representing the final condition; initiative tense of these words, causal compounds (see "because" and "cause"), and "change" compounds all represent some sense of becoming
become(s) binxo (bix bi'o): x1 |/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change]
becomes fixed thing that | x2 of cikre
becoming conditions of | x3 of binxo
bed material x2 of ckana
bed on | x3 of ckana
bed 2. palta: x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service |] made of material x2
bed 3. ckana (cka): x1 is a |/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)
bedewed x2 of lunsa
bee species x2 of bifce
bee bifce (bic): x1 is a |/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2
beef bakni (bak): x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [|-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
been ruined something that has | x2 of daspo
beer ingredients x2 of birje
beer birje: x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of |/ale/brew brewed from x2
beetle cinki: x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/|]
before (in front of: ashamed |) ckeji (kej cke): x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 | community/audience x3
before (in front of: performs |) tigni (tig): x1 performs x2 [performance] for/| audience x3
before (in time) purci (pur pru): x1 is in the past of/earlier than/| x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts |, x1 starts | x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist |, i.e. x1 is over/ended | x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed | x2 starts (= mu'opru)]
before (physically) jersi (je'i): x2 of: x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 [x1 follows | x2]
before (sequentially |) lidne (li'e): x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following [also x1 |, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
before (state paused | starting/resuming) denpa (dep de'a): x2 of: x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 | starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]
before growing thing | x3 of banro
before x2 of balvi
before 2. ashamed | x3 of ckeji
before 3. see also "after", which words often have a "before" component by implication
befriended x2 of pendo
befriends pendo (ped pe'o): x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 | x1
beg pikci: x1 |-s/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms]
begets (of a father) patfu (paf pa'u): x1 is a father of x2; x1 |/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological]
begets (of a procreator) rorci (ror): x1 engenders/procreates/| x2 with coparent x3
begged for x3 of pikci
begged x2 of pikci
beginning krasi (kra): x1 (site/event) is a source/start/|/origin of x2 (object/event/process) [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]
begins (of an event) cfari (cfa): x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/| to occur; (intransitive verb)
begs pikci: x1 |/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms]
behalf (acts on | of) krati (ka'i): x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 [also: on | of]
behave tarti (tra): x1 |-s/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]
behaves (as a father) patfu (paf pa'u): x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/| paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological]
behaves (as a friend) pendo (ped pe'o): x1 is/| as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1
behaves (as a mother) mamta (mam): x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/| maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological]
behaves (as a parent) rirni (rir): x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/| parental toward child/protege x2
behaves socially jikca (jik): x1 interacts/| with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2
behaves tarti (tra): x1 |/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]
behavior (audacious |) darsi: x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in | x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) [x1 is bold]
behavior (ethical rules of |) marde (mad): x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of |; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]
behavior (kind |) xendo (xed xe'o): x3 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/| x3
behavior (| earning reward/payment) jerna: x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 |; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]
behavior conditions x3 of tarti
behavior x2 of tarti
behavior 2. audacious | x2 of darsi
behavior 3. kind | x3 of xendo
behavioral tarti (tra): x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is |]
behind (buttocks) zargu (zag za'u): x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] [also ass, |, butt]
behind (something left |) cliva (liv li'a): x2 of: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 [also: x1 leaves |/takes leave of x2]
behind (to/in the rear of) trixe (rix ti'e): x1 is posterior/|/back/to the rear of/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]
behind x2 of crane
behind 2. x2 of lidne
behind 3. frame for | x3 of trixe
behind 4. left | x2 of cliva
behind 5. thing having | x2 of trixe
behold zgana (zga): x1 observes/[notices]/watches/|-s x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 [|/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]
beholds (observes zgana (zga): not necessarily visually), x1 observes/[notices]/watches/| x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]
beholds see also "sees", "observes", "views"
being (human |) remna (rem re'a): x1 is a human/human |/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human
being (spiritual |) pruxi (rux ru'i): x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or |]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal [also soul (= ruxse'i)]
being prenu (pre): x1 is a person/people/| (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona
belegged x2 of tuple
belief (misled |) tcica (tic): x3 of: x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a | on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided | (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]
belief (something believed) krici (kri): x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that |/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 [also gives credence, has conviction]
belief (suggest a |) simlu (mlu): x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest |/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]
belief subject x3 of krici
belief x2 of krici
belief 2. religious | x3 of lijda
beliefs (within a religion) lijda (jda): x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common |/practices/tenets including x3 [also mythos, creed, traditional |, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 are tenets/|/rituals/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
believe (| without objective evidence) krici (kri): x1 |-s [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 [also gives credence, has conviction]
believers (in a religion) lijda (jda): x2 of: x1 is a religion of | including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
believe (| in religious tenets) lijda (jda): x2 of: x1 is a religion of | including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
believes krici (kri): x1 | [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 [also gives credence, has conviction]
bell sound x2 of janbe
bell janbe (jab): x1 is a |/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a |); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]
belli causus | x3 of jamna
bellied x2 of betfu
bellows (respiratory apparatus) fepri: x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/|] [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]
belly betfu (bef be'u): x1 is a/the abdomen/|/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]
belonging to (of territory) tutra (tut): x1 is territory/domain/space of/|/controlled by x2
belonging see also "possess"/"possession"
belongs see also "group", "part", "fits"
belongs 2. cmima (mim cmi): x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 | to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]
beloved x2 of prami
beloved 2. prami (pam pa'i): x2 of: x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is | by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
below x2 of gapru
below 2. see also "above"
below 3. cnita (nit ni'a): x1 is directly/vertically beneath/|/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 [also underside, nether]
belt sruri (rur sru): x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/|/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]
belt 2. karli: x1 is a collar/ring/|/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 [also sphincter]
belt 3. djine (jin): x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, |, encircle (= jinsru)]
belted x2 of karli
bench stizu (tiz): x1 is a chair/stool/seat/|, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting
bend (crease) polje (plo): x3 of: x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/|(s) x3 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]
bend (curve) kruvi (ruv kru): x1 is a curve/turn/| in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the |)]
bend (sharp | cidni (cid): metaphorical), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 [metaphor: a sharp |/curve]
bends over sanli (sa'i): x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/| over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]
bends sanli (sa'i): x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/| over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]
beneath (directly below) cnita (nit ni'a): x1 is directly/vertically |/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 [also underside, nether]
beneath (relatively lower) see "low", "lower", "down"
beneath reference for | x3 of cnita
benefactor (someone begged for favor) pikci: x2 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 |, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms]
beneficent x3 of prali
beneficial xamgu (xag xau): x1 (object/event) is good/|/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)]
beneficiary (| of gift) dunda (dud du'a): x2 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/| x3 [without payment/exchange] [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]
beneficiary (| of goodness) xamgu (xag xau): x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for | x2 by standard x3 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)]
beneficiary (| of promise) nupre (nup nu'e): x2 of: x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [|/victim]
beneficiary x2 of xamgu
beneficiary 2. x3 of dunda
benefit (insurance |) binra: x4 of: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing |(s) x4 (event) [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)]
benefit (profit/advantage) prali (pal): x1 is a profit/gain/|/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]
benefit insured | x4 of binra
benefit 2. ticket | x3 of pikta
benefits from x2 of prali
Bengali aspect x2 of bengo
Bengali bengo (beg): x1 reflects |/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
bent korcu (kro): (adjective:) x1 is |/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded
bequeath x3 of cerda
berry species x2 of jbari
berry jbari (jba): x1 is a | (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2
beseeches pikci: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/|/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms]
beside lamji (lam la'i): x1 is adjacent/|/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 [also touching, contiguous, against]
bespoused x2 of speni
best see "good", "superlative"
between (accessway |) vorme (vor vro): x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way | x2 and x3 of structure x4 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]
between (amidst) jbini (bin bi'i): x1 is |/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]
between (bridge |) cripu (rip): x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 | x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]
between (difference |) frica (fic): x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 [also other-than (less common meaning); x3 is a difference | x1 and x2]
between (friction |) mosra (mos): x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing | x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]
between (inserted |) setca (se'a): x2 of: x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/| members of x3 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)]
between (inserts |) setca (se'a): x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/| members of x3 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)]
between (interval |) sirji (sir): x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval | x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear
between (knot |/involving) jgena (jge): x1 is a knot/tangle in/| x2 (object/jo'u-objects) [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening | two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]
between (only difference |) panra: x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference | x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]
between (sandwiched |) snuji (nuj): x2 of: x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched | x3
between (straight/directly |) sirji (sir): x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval | x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear
between x3 of sepli
between 2. have in | x2 of jbini
between 3. see also "middle", "center", "neutral", "in", "within"
betweenness property x3 of jbini
beverage (carbonated |) sodva (sod): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated | of flavor/brand x2 [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]
beverage (something drunk) pinxe (pix): x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes |/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3
beverage x2 of pinxe
beyond (across/| ragve (rav): x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 [also: x1 is over there (across/| zo'e); directly across/| a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]
beyond (exceeds | limit) bancu (bac): x1 exceeds/is | limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
beyond which bound | x2 of bancu
beyond x3 of ragve
beyond 2. reference for | x3 of bancu
beyondness property x4 of bancu
Bible jegvo (jeg je'o): x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2
biblical jegvo (jeg je'o): x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2
big picture x2 of tcila
big toe tamji (taj): x1 is a/the thumb/| [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), | (= jmatamji)]
big barda (bra): x1 is |/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3
bigger (gets |) banro (ba'o): x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 [also rising, developing; x1 gets |/enlarges/increases]
bigger see also "increase"
bigness dimension x2 of barda
bigness standard x3 of barda
bill present | x4 of janta
bill 2. janta (jat): x1 is an account/|/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4
billed (recipient of a bill) janta (jat): x3 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, | to x3 by x4
billed for x2 of janta
billed goods janta (jat): x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for |/services x2, billed to x3 by x4
billed x3 of janta
billion gigdo (gig gi'o): x1 is a | [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
billionth nanvi (nav): x1 is a |/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
billy-goat kanba: x1 is a goat/angora/[|/kid] of species/breed x2
binary (| equivalent of fraction) saclu: x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/|] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation]
binary metaphor tanru (tau): x1 is a | formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept)
binding (restraint) rinju (ri'u): x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) [also: x2 is a restraint/| for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]
binds lasna (la'a): x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[lashes]/| x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached]
biological (| child of mother) jbena (jbe): x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; x1 is a | child of moter x2]
biological (| offspring) panzi (paz): x1 is a [|] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial
biological (| offspring) 2. rorci (ror): x2 of: x1 engenders/procreates/begets | offspring x2 with coparent x3
biological see also "alive" "plant", "animal", "virus", "germ", "gene", "sugar", "protein", "organic"
biologically animate danlu (dal da'u): x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is | animate
bird species x2 of cipni
bird (chicken/small fowl) jipci: x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of |] of species/breed x2
bird (turkey) xruki (xuk): x1 is a turkey [food/|] of species/breed x2
bird (avian) cipni (cpi): x1 is a |/avian/fowl of species x2
bird sovda (sov so'a): egg of a |, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a | (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]
birth (event) nunjbe: x1 is a nativity/|/|-day, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace]
birth (of being born) jbena (jbe): x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 bears/gives | to x1]
birth (of womb/uterus) gutra: x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving |]
birth time x3 of jbena
birthday (date of birth) nunjbe: x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [|/natal day] and place x5 [birthplace]
birthday (date of birth) 2. jbena (jbe): x3 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [|] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1]
birthday (event) nunjbe: x1 is a nativity/birth/|, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] x1 is natal (pertaining to birthdays)
birthday x3 of jbena
birthfather rorci (ror): x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3
birthmother x2 of tarbi
birthmother 2. rorci (ror): x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3
birthparent rorci (ror): x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3
birthparent 2. x2 of jbena
birthplace x4 of jbena
birthplace 2. nunjbe: x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [|]
birthplace 3. jbena (jbe): x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [|]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1]
bitch gerku (ger ge'u): x1 is a dog/canine/[|] of species/breed x2
bite locus x3 of batci
bite(s) batci (bat): x1 |/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 [| through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]
biter batci (bat): x1 bites/pinches/is a | of x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]
biting tool x4 of batci
bitten thing x2 of batci
bitter find | x2 of kurki
bitter 2. kurki: x1 is |/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2
bituminous kolme (kol ko'e): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/| from source x2
bizarre cizra (ciz): x1 is strange/weird/deviant/|/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]
black xekri (xek xe'i): x1 is |/extremely dark-colored [color adjective]
blade (cutting through) katna (ka'a): x1 (tool/|/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a |, not acting upon a |; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]
blade (knife |) dakfu (dak): x3 of: x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with | of material x3
blade (scraping |) guska (guk): x1 |/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]
blade (| of grass) srasu (sas): x1 is a |/expanse of grass of species x2 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]
blade (| of tool/weapon) balre (ba'e): x1 is a | of tool/weapon x2
blade object with | x2 of balre
blade 2. see also "dig", "scratch", "cut", "weapon", "knife", "tool"
bladed (cutting implement) see also "knife"
bladed (digging implement) canpa (cna): x1 is a shovel/spade [| digging implement] for digging x2
bladed x2 of balre
blanket boxfo (bof bo'o): x1 is a sheet/foil/| [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2
blend mixre (mix xre): x1 (mass) is a mixture/|/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]
blends into mixre (mix xre): x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 [x2 mingles/mixes/| into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]
bless x1 of dapma
blessed x2 of dimna
blessing x3 of ckire
blinds murta (mur mu'a): x1 is a curtain/|/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3
bloated (excessively plump) plana: x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/|] by standard x2
block material x2 of bliku
block surface x3 of bliku
block face of a | x3 of bliku
block 2. tapla: x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city |' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional |, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)]
block 3. bliku (bli): x1 is a | [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli)
blocks zunti (zun zu'i): x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) [also |, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation]
blood thing having | x2 of ciblu
blood 2. ciblu (blu): x1 is |/vital fluid of organism x2
blood-sucking civla (civ): x1 is a louse/flea [| arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3
bloody mabla (mal): x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 [| (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]
bloom xrula (rul): x1 is a/the flower/blossom/| [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral
blossom xrula (rul): x1 is a/the flower/|/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral
blouse kluza (luz): x1 (object) is loose/|-d/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3
blouse 2. x1 is a loose, baggy, |-d shirt /=/ luzycreka
blouse 3. creka (cek): x1 is a shirt/|/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2
blouse 4. x1 is a woman's shirt/| /=/ nimcreka
bloused kluza (luz): x1 (object) is loose/|/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3
blow tisna (tis): x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/| up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)]
blows (of moving air) brife (bif bi'e): x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 | from x2
blows up (fills) tisna (tis): x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/| with material x2; x2 pours into x1 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)]
blue see also "sad", "depressed" (| as a metaphor for sadness is not culturally neutral)
blue 2. cicna: x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-| [color adjective]
blue 3. blanu (bla): x1 is | [color adjective]
boar xarju (xaj): x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[|] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 [sow (= fetxarju), | (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]
board (plank) tanbo (ta'o): x1 is a |/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2
board material x2 of tanbo
board of directors kamni: x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)]
board of trustees kamni: x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)]
boat propel a | x3 of bloti
boat 2. propeller of | x3 of bloti
boat 3. thing carried by | x2 of bloti
boat 4. bloti (lot blo lo'i): x1 is a |/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
body sweating x2 of xasne
body celestial | x2 of kensa
body 2. screw | x4 of klupe
body 3. thing having | x2 of xadni
body 4. xadni (xad): x1 is a/the |/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal
bogeyman crida (rid): x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, |]
boil febvi (feb): x1 |-s/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 [roil (= febjicla)]
boiling point pressure x3 of febvi
boiling point x2 of febvi
boils febvi (feb): x1 |/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 [roil (= febjicla)]
bold darsi: x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) [x1 is |]
bolt klupe (lup lu'e): x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 [also |]
bomb explosive x2 of jbama
bomb jbama (bam): x1 is a |/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2
bond (ancestral) dzena (dze): x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by |/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents
bond (avuncular) famti: x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by |/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation
bond (cousins) tamne: x1 is cousin to x2 by |/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)]
bond (fraternal) bruna (bun bu'a): x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological]
bond (investment) zivle (ziv vle): x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; | (= jertervle)]
bond (sibling) tunba (tub): x1 is a sibling of x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3
bond (sororal) mensi (mes me'i): x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological]
bond ancestral | x3 of dzena
bond 2. avuncular | x3 of famti
bond 3. brotherly | x3 of bruna
bond 4. cousin | x3 of tamne
bond 5. sibling | x3 of tunba
bond 6. sisterly | x3 of mensi
bonded lanzu (laz): x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 |/tied/joined according to standard x3 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]
bone function x2 of bongu
bone thing having | x3 of bongu
bone 2. bongu (bog bo'u): x1 is a/the |/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)]
bones bongu (bog bo'u): x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum |; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)]
bony x3 of bongu
boob bebna (beb): x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a |
book (container of a copy of a work cukta (cku): possibly multiple volumes), x1 is a | containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
book (physical object papri: volume, containing pages), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of |/document/bound mass of pages x2 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]
book (work of authorship that may be found within a book) cukta (cku): e.g. "Have you read the latest book by Smith?"; x2 of: x1 is a | containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
book (work of authorship that may be found within a book) 2. selcku: x1 is a |/work of authorship contained within copy/| x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/
book medium x5 of cukta
book x2 of papri
book 2. author of a | x3 of cukta
book 3. read | x4 of cukta
book 4. subject of | x2 of cukta
book 5. text of | x2 of cukta
book 6. theme of | x2 of cukta
book 7. write | x3 of cukta
boon x3 of ckire
boon 2. pikci: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 |, favor, gift, alms]
boot cutci (cuc): x1 is a shoe/|/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 [also | (= tupcutci)]
border (boundary) korbi (kor koi): x1 is an edge/margin/|/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3
border (limit) jimte (jit): x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/|/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
border (separating x1 and x2) sepli (sep sei): x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/|/gap/interval/separating medium x3 [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]
border korbi (kor koi): x1 is an edge/margin/|/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/|-ing-on x3
bordering korbi (kor koi): x1/x3 of: x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/|-on x3
born (event) nunjbe: x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being | to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace]
born nobli (nol no'i): x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-|/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]
born 2. jbena (jbe): x1 is | to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1]
borne x2 of renvi
borrow jbera (jer): x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 [credit (= jernu'e); |/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]
borrowed x2 of jbera
borrows jbera (jer): x1 (agent) |/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]
boss x3 of vipsi
boss 2. jatna (ja'a): x1 is captain/commander/|/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
both directions pagre (gre): x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 [passing through in | (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]
both kanxe (kax): x1 is a logical conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are | true
bothered x2 of fanza
bothers fanza (faz): x1 (event) annoys/irritates/|/distracts x2 [also: is disruptive to]
bottle contents of | x2 of botpi
bottle 2. material of | x3 of botpi
bottle 3. stopper of | x4 of botpi
bottle 4. botpi (bot bo'i): x1 is a |/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4
bottled x2 of botpi
bottom (at the | of) jicmu (cmu): x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the | of x2 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/|-s for objects)]
bottom (floor) loldi (lol loi): x1 is a floor/|/ground of x2 [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]
bough jimca (jic): x1 is a branch/|/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] [also appendage]
bounce x2 of minra
bounced minra (mir): x4 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a | object; ka is reflection]
bounces minra (mir): x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 | on x1 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]
bound (limit) jimte (jit): x1 is a limit/extreme/|/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]
bound (of a book/document) papri: x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/| mass of pages x2 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]
bound (something exceeded) bancu (bac): x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a |, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
bound (| to bilga (big): obliged), x1 is |/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 [also x3 frame of reference]
bound beyond which x2 of bancu
bound pages x2 of papri
bound see also "captive"
boundary (separating x1 and x2) sepli (sep sei): x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/|/gap/interval/separating medium x3 [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]
boundary (| between x2 and x3) korbi (kor koi): x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/| of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3
boundary (| exceeded) bancu (bac): x2 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/| x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
boundary (| located across) ragve (rav): x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/| x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a |/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the |]
boundary x2 of ragve
boundary 2. room | x3 of kumfa
bounded (having limits) see "edge", "border", "limit"
bounded (of a surface) sefta (sfe): x1 is surface/face [| shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 [also x4 bounds]
bounded x2 of jimte
bounds (inside |) nenri (ner ne'i): x2 of: x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the | of x2] [indicates total containment]
bounds (leaps) plipe (pip pi'e): x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/| to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]
bounds (| of surface) sefta (sfe): x4 of: x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 [also x4 |]
bounds jbini (bin bi'i): (between |), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/|/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the |/limits/range for x1]
bounds 2. surface | x4 of sefta
bovine species/breed x2 of bakni
bovine bakni (bak): x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/|] of species/breed x2
bow x2 of jgita
bow 2. jgita (git): x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/| x2 [also lute, viola, cello]
bowl kabri: x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[|] containing contents x2, and of material x3 [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]
bowl 2. tansi (tas): x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 [also |]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a | that is normally lifted for use, botpi)
bows sanli (sa'i): x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 |/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]
box contents x2 of tanxe
box material x3 of tanxe
box tanxe (tax ta'e): x1 is a |/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3
boxed x2 of tanxe
boy's age x2 of nanla
boy nanla: x1 is a |/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]
boyhood standard x3 of nanla
brain thing having | x2 of besna
brain 2. besna (ben): x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] [also cerebral]
brained x2 of besna
brake (agentive verb) jabre: x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3
brake (device causing slowing) jabre: x3 of: x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3
brake jabre: x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3
braked x2 of jabre
brakes (noun jabre: device to slow or stop a motion), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with |/device/mechanism/principle x3
brakes (verb) jabre: x1 (agent) |/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3
braking device x3 of jabre
branch (arm) birka (bir): x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | with strength] [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]
branch (bough/limb) jimca (jic): x1 is a |/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] [also appendage]
branch (leg) tuple (tup tu'e): x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting |]
branch of an office x3 of briju
branch thing having | x2 of jimca
branched x2 of jimca
branches jimca (jic): x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into | x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] [also appendage]
brand name (trademark) consider metaphor "maker-symbol" (= zbasni)
brand name (| of soda) sodva (sod): x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of flavor/| x2 [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]
brass composition x2 of lastu
brass tabra: x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [|-wind/lip-reed musical instrument]
brass 2. lastu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]
brass-wind tabra: x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [|/lip-reed musical instrument]
brave activity x2 of virnu
brave standard x3 of virnu
brave virnu (vri): x1 is |/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3
braved x2 of virnu
brazen (made of brass) lastu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is |)]
Brazilian aspect x2 of brazo
Brazilian brazo (raz): x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
bread grain in | x2 of nanba
bread 2. nanba (nab): x1 is a quantity of/contains | [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2
breadth dimension x2 of ganra
breadth standard x3 of ganra
break (cause to become inoperative) spofu (pof po'u): x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive |, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally |, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
break porpi (pop po'i): x1 |-s/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2
breaks (bursts) spoja (poj po'a): x1 bursts/explodes/violently | up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2
breaks (fractures) porpi (pop po'i): x1 |/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2
breast (chest) cutne (cut): x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/|] [body-part] of x2
breast (mammary) tatru (tat): x1 is a/the |/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] [nipple (= tatyji'o)]
breast thing having | x2 of tatru
breathe vasxu (vax va'u): x1 |-s/respires x2 [gas]
breathed x2 of vasxu
breathes vasxu (vax va'u): x1 |/respires x2 [gas]
breathing (| apparatus) fepri: x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |/respiratory apparatus/bellows] [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]
breeze brife (bif bi'e): x1 is a |/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2
Breton skoto (kot ko'o): x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), | (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for |]
brew birje: x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/| brewed from x2
brew 2. ckafi (kaf): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 [| based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum]
brewed (from coffee or other beans/seeds) ckafi (kaf): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee | from source/bean/| x2 [brew based on a seed/bean/|; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum]
brewed (from tea or other leaves) tcati: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea | from leaves x2
brewed (of beer birje: by fermentation), x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew | from x2
brick bliku (bli): x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), | (= kitybli)
bridge 1st side of | x3 of cripu
bridge 2. 2nd side of | x4 of cripu
bridge 3. cripu (rip): x1 is a |/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]
bridged over x2 of cripu
bright carmi (cam cai): x1 is intense/|/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]
brilliant carmi (cam cai): x1 is intense/bright/saturated/| in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]
brimstone sliri: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/| (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic]
bring about (of motivated action) mukti (muk mu'i): x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 [also; x3 is motivated to | result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]
bring about (of powers) vlipa (vli): x1 has the power to | x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 [also potent, has control/mastery]
bring about (of someone commanded) minde (mid mi'e): x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/| x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]
bring about (of someone trusted) lacri (lac): x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to |/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)
bring about see also "cause", "able", "does"
brings about gasnu (gau): x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/| about x2
bristles of brush x3 of burcu
bristles burcu (bru): x3 of: x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with | x3
British (pertaining to the United Kingdom/Great Britain) brito (rit): x1 reflects |/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2
British (pertaining to | English) glico (gic gli): x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); | English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the | empire)
British aspect x2 of brito
broad (of a field) foldi (flo foi): x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a | uniform expanse of x2 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]
broad (wide) ganra (gan): x1 is |/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3
broadcast radio | x2 of cradi
broadcaster tivni (tiv): x1 [|] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)]
broadcaster 2. cradi: x1 [|] transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4
broadcasts tivni (tiv): x1 |/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)]
broadcasts 2. cradi: x1 |/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4
broken down spofu (pof po'u): x1 is |/inoperable/broken/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
broken piece x2 of porpi
broken spofu (pof po'u): x1 is |/inoperable/| down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
bromine kliru: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] [also |; default chlorine]
bronze composition x2 of ransu
bronze ransu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition including x2
brother thing having | x2 of bruna
brother 2. bruna (bun bu'a): x1 is | of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological]
brotherly bond x3 of bruna
brow thing having | x2 of mebri
brow 2. mebri (meb): x1 is a/the |/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2
brown bunre (bur bu'e): x1 is |/tan [color adjective]
brownie crida (rid): x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/|/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]
brush (bristled object) burcu (bru): x1 is a | for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3
brush (field of bushes) foldi (flo foi): x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), | (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]
brush (writing |) pinsi (pis): x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 [also writing |; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]
brush purpose x2 of burcu
brush bristles of | x3 of burcu
brushes (lightly strokes) see also "strokes"
brushes (rubs causing friction) mosra (mos): x2 of: x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/| (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]
bubble x1 of dirgo
bubble 2. material in foam | x3 of fonmo
bubbles fonmo (fom fo'o): x1 or x3 of: x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with |/vacuoles of material x3
buck nakni (nak): x1 is a male/| of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine
bucket contents x2 of baktu
bucket material x3 of baktu
bucket baktu: x1 is a |/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3
buckwheat species x2 of xruba
buckwheat xruba (xub): x1 is a quantity of |/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2
Buddhist aspect x2 of budjo
Buddhist budjo (buj bu'o): x1 pertains to the | culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2
bug cinki: x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [|/beetle]
bugbear crida (rid): x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), |, bogeyman]
bugle tabra: x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/| [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument]
building (edifice) dinju (dij di'u): x1 is a |/edifice for purpose x2
building (| with balcony) balni: x2 of: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of |/structure x2
building (| with floor/bottom) loldi (lol loi): x2 of: x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 [floor/level/story of a |/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]
building (| with stories/floors) loldi (lol loi): x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 [floor/level/story of a |/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]
building (| with windows) canko (ca'o): x2 of: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/|/structure x2
building purpose x2 of dinju
building with balcony x2 of balni
builds zbasu (zba): x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/|/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 [should not be used to express causation]
built zbasu (zba): x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/|/made/created/manufactured out of x3 [should not be used to express causation]
bulb plant with | x2 of balji
bulb 2. sunga (sug): x1 is a quantity of garlic [|] of species/strain x2
bulb 3. balji: x1 is a | [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]
bulbous balji: x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, |]
bulbous 2. plana: x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/|/swollen] by standard x2
bulge (sound clue not identical in meaning) balji: x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]
bulge see also "swelling"
bulgy (bulbous) balji: x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, |]
bull bakni (bak): x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[|/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
bullet danti (dan): x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. |/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]
bumps (| into) janli (jal): x1 collides with/crashes/|/runs into x2 (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects)
bundle wrapping x3 of bakfu
bundle contents of a | x2 of bakfu
bundle 2. bakfu (baf): x1 is a |/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3
bundled x2 of bakfu
buoy x2 of fulta
buoyant fulta (ful flu): x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is |
bureau briju (bij): x1 is an office/|/work-place of worker x2 at location x3
burn jelca (jel): x1 |-s/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]
burning (of a fire) fagri (fag): x1 is a fire/flame | in fuel x2 |-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)
burning (| of fuel in a fire) fagri (fag): x2 of: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 |-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)
burning atmosphere x3 of jelca
burning x2 of fagri
burns jelca (jel): x1 |/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]
burps kafke: x1 coughs/farts/| up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3
bursts spoja (poj po'a): x1 |/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2
bushel dekpu: x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. |], standard x3, x4 subunits [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), | (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
bushy-tailed lorxu (lor lo'u): x1 is a fox [| wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2
business (activities of a company) kagni (kag): x3 of: x1 is a company/|/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/| x3 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]
business (affairs) cuntu (cu'u): x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's | [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)]
business (company) kagni (kag): x1 of: x1 is a company/|/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/| x3 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]
business (organized group bende (bed be'e): not necessarily incorporated), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; |, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]
businessman canja (caj): x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/| [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics)
buss cinba: x1 (agent) kisses/|-es x2 at locus x3
busses cinba: x1 (agent) kisses/| x2 at locus x3
butt zargu (zag za'u): x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] [also ass, behind, |]
butter source x2 of matne
butter matne: x1 is a quantity of/contains |/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy | (= ladmatne)]
butterfly species x2 of toldi
butterfly toldi (tod): x1 is a |/moth of species/breed x2
buttery matne: x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 [(adjective:) x1 is |; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]
buttock thing having | x2 of zargu
buttock 2. zargu (zag za'u): x1 is a/the |(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] [also ass, behind, butt]
button material x4 of batke
button purpose x3 of batke
button thing having | x2 of batke
button 2. batke: x1 is a |/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4
buyer (potential |) jdima (di'a): x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to potential |/purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a | may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]
buyer x3 of jdima
buyer 2. x3 of vecnu
buyer 3. nunve'u: x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4
buyer 4. vecnu (ven ve'u): x3 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to |/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]
buys vecnu (ven ve'u): x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 |/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]
buys 2. nunve'u: x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4

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