English-Lojban dictionary

English/Lojban Dictionary - First draft official publication 26 September 1994

Copyright 1994, The Logical Language Group, Inc.
Bob LeChevalier, President                            lojbab@access.digex.net
2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031-1303 USA                        703-385-0273

Posted for comment and reference only.  Please do not distribute without
verifying that this is the latest version available.  This version is
far from final form and may contain duplicates, typos, and more serious
errors.

What this document IS:

This is a first draft of what will eventually be a much larger
English/Lojban dictionary file.

HTML edition by Jeroen Kuiper at November 2000

[ non-alphabetic | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z ]

a

abdomen thing having | x2 of betfu
abdomen 2. betfu (bef be'u): x1 is a/the |/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)]
abides (resides) xabju (xa'u): x1 dwells/lives/resides/| at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2
abides (stays at) stali (sta): x1 remains/stays at/|/lasts with x2
abides (survives) renvi (rev re'i): x1 survives/endures/undergoes/|/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]
ability conditions x3 of kakne
ability x2 of kakne
able kakne (ka'e): x1 is | to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]
abode xabju (xa'u): x2 of: x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/| x2
about agreed | x4 of tugni
about 2. ridiculed | x3 of ckasu
about 3. subject learned | x3 of cilre
about 4. terpa (tep te'a): x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object); x1 feels terror | x2 [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]
about 5. nunsnu: x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking | topic/subject x3 [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver]
above (basis for downwardness) dizlo (diz dzi): x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance | a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]
above (directly |) gapru (gap): x1 is directly/vertically |/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3
above (of a roof/ceiling/lid) drudi (rud dru): x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 a drudi is (designed to be) over/| something and shelters it from other things | the drudi
above (relatively high) galtu (gal ga'u): x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance | a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]
above x2 of cnita
above 2. reference for | x3 of gapru
above 3. thing having | x2 of gapru
abrade(s) guska (guk): x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/| x2 from x3 [|, abrasive (= mosyguska)]
abrasive (sand/grit) canre (can): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 [also | (= gukcanre)]
abrasive (scraping) guska (guk): x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 [abrade, | (= mosyguska)]
abrasive (scratching) sraku (rak): x1 [|/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 , spali)
abrupt suksa (suk): x1 (event/state) is |/sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 [also discontinuous]
absent (represented) krati (ka'i): x2 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [|] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 [also: on behalf of]
absolute (| fact) fatci (fac): x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the |
absorbant cokcu (cko): x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an |
absorbs cokcu (cko): x1 soaks up/|/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant
abstract source x2 of sucta
abstract amount | x1 of ni broda
abstract 2. event | x1 of nu broda
abstract 3. property | x1 of ka broda
abstract 4. scale of amount | x2 of ni broda
abstract 5. sucta (suc): x1 (si'o) is |-ed/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3
abstracted sucta (suc): x1 (si'o) is |/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3
abstraction rules x3 of sucta
abstraction tarmi (tam tai): x2 of: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/|/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]
academy ckule (kul cu'e): x1 is school/institute/| at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 [also college, university]
acccustomed x2 of tcaci
accent (emphasis given) basna: x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/| to x2 by (action) x3 [also: say forcefully]
accentuates basna: x1 emphasizes/|/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 [also: say forcefully]
accept cpacu (cpa): x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/|-s x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] [also fetch; | a gift (= du'acpa)]
acceptable xamgu (xag xau): x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[|] for x2 by standard x3 [| (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)]
accepted (| meaning) smuni (mun smu): x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/| by x3 [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]
accepts cpacu (cpa): x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/| x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)]
access (closed |) ganlo (ga'o): x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/| to x2 by x3 [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]
access (open |) kalri (kar): x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/| to x2 by x3 [as a doorway]
access (portal) vorme (vor vro): x1 is a doorway/gateway/| way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]
access (street/corridor) klaji (laj): x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers | to sites along it]
access thing having | x3 of kalri
accessed from street x3 of klaji
accessible x2 of kalri
accessible 2. x2 of vorme
accessible 3. x3 of vorme
accessible 4. not | x2 of ganlo
accessing (of a street/corridor) klaji (laj): x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 | x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
accident snuti (nut): x1 (event/state) is an |/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an |
accidental snuti (nut): x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident; x1 is |
accidental 2. cunso (cun cu'o): x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 [also |, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]
accidentally (| broken) spofu (pof po'u): x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); | break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)]
accommodates (capable of containing) vasru (vas vau): x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 [also |, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]
accompanied in x3 of kansa
accompanied x2 of kansa
accompanies (with) kansa (kan): x1 is with/|/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) [x1 is together with/along with x2]
accompaniment dansu: x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to |/music/rhythm x2
accompany kansa (kan): x1 is with/|-ies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) [x1 is together with/along with x2]
accomplish snada (sad): x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/|-es x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
accomplishes snada (sad): x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/| x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
account janta (jat): x1 is an |/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4
accountable fuzme (fuz fu'e): x1 is responsible/| for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3
accruing (of profit/gain) prali (pal): x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 |/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]
accrual (of profit/gain) prali (pal): x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage/| to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]
accuracy (| of a measurement) merli (mre): x5 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with | x5
accuse consider metaphor "guilt-assert" (= zugyxu'a)
achievable x2 of kakne
achieve (with assistance) sidju (dju): x2 of: x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/|/maintain event/activity x3
achieve see also "succeed"
achievement x2 of snada
achieves snada (sad): x1 [agent] succeeds in/|/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
acid composition x2 of slami
acid slami: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]
acidic slami: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is | [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]
acquire cpacu (cpa): x1 gets/procures/|-s/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)]
acquire 2. lebna (leb le'a): x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes]/|-s x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) [also confiscate, appropriate]; [| with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]
acquires cpacu (cpa): x1 gets/procures/|/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)]
acre standard x3 of kramu
acre sub-unit of | x4 of kramu
acre 2. kramu: x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
acres number of | x2 of kramu
acres 2. size in | x2 of kramu
acrid kurki: x1 is bitter/|/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2
across (beyond a boundary) bancu (bac): x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly '|' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
across (extending | a range) kuspe (kup ku'e): x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches |/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2
across (opposite ragve (rav): directly | a gap), x1/x3 of: x1 is located |/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 [also: x1 is over there (|/beyond zo'e); directly |/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]
across (spanning a gap) cripu (rip): x1 is a bridge/span over/| x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]
across see also "traverse", "intersect"
act in drama x5 of draci
act (volitional zukte (zuk zu'e): with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking |-tion x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 [also |-ing at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]
act see also "do" for action without purpose
acting (| at zukte (zuk zu'e): with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 [also | at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]
action goal x3 of zukte
action x2 of zukte
action 2. influenced | x3 of xlura
action 3. influencing | x4 of xlura
action 4. see also "do", "act" especially x2 of "zukte"
actions (constituting an event of trying) nuntoi: x4 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by |/method x4
actions (kind |) xendo (xed xe'o): x2 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in |/behavior x3
actions (| comprising an attempt) troci (toc toi): x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by |/method x3 [also experiments at]
active (| ingredient in a paint) cinta: x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/| substance x2, in a base of x3
activity (labor - event) nungu'a: x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [|] with goal/objective x4 [also: x2 is a worker/laborer]
activity avoided x2 of lazni
activity artistic | x2 of larcu
activity 2. brave | x2 of virnu
activity 3. controlled | x3 of jitro
activity 4. failed | x2 of fliba
activity 5. guided | x3 of gidva
activity 6. paused | x4 of denpa
activity 7. protest | x4 of pante
activity 8. relaxing | x2 of surla
activity 9. sexual | x2 of cinse
actors draci: x5 of: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with | x5 [x2 may also be a convention]
actual (real) zasti (zat za'i): x1 exists/is real/|/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]
actuality fatci (fac): x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/|, in the absolute
actuator (| of a percussion instrument) damri: x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/| x2
actuator (| of a stringed instrument) jgita (git): x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with |/plectrum/bow x2 [also lute, viola, cello]
add jmina (min): x1 |-s/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3
added to x3 of jmina
added x2 of jmina
added 2. x2 of sumji
added 3. x3 of sumji
addend x2 of sumji
addend 2. x3 of sumji
addition result x4 of jmina
additive x2 of jmina
address system x3 of judri
address thing having | x2 of judri
address 2. judri: x1 is an | of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3
addressed x2 of tavla
addressed 2. audience | x3 of cusku
addressee x2 of judri
addressee 2. x3 of mrilu
addressee 3. letter | x2 of xatra
adds jmina (min): x1 |/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3
adept x2 of frili
adherents (| of a religion) lijda (jda): x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), |; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]
adherents x2 of lijda
adheres snipa (nip): x1 |/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]
adhering surface snipa (nip): x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive [note that x1 is the | surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]
adhesive snipa (nip): x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/| [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]
adjacency direction x4 of lamji
adjacency property x3 of lamji
adjacent x3 of korbi
adjacent 2. thing having | x2 of lamji
adjacent 3. lamji (lam la'i): x1 is |/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 [also touching, contiguous, against]
adjust stika (tik): x1 (event) |-s/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]
adjusted x2 of stika
adjustment amount x3 of stika
adjusts stika (tik): x1 (event) |/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]
adjutant vipsi (vip): x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 [also assistant, |]
admiral ralju (ral): x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) [staple (= ralselpra); general/|/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]
adores x2 of dirba
adorn jadni (jad ja'i): x1 (object) |-s/decorates x2; x1 is an |-ment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]
adorned x2 of jadni
adornment jadni (jad ja'i): x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an |/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]
adorns jadni (jad ja'i): x1 (object) |/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]
adult makcu (ma'u): x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/| in development-quality x2 (ka)
advantage prali (pal): x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/| to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]
adventitious cunso (cun cu'o): x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, |, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]
adversary x3 of bandu
adversary 2. bradi: x1 is an enemy/opponent/|/foe of x2 in struggle x3
adversity gleki (gek gei): x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) [| (= kamnalgei)]
advises see also "suggests"
advises 2. gidva (gid gi'a): x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) [a guiding person |/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]
aesthetic melbi (mel mle): x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by | standard x4 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]
afar thing having | x2 of darno
affair (organized activity) cuntu (cu'u): x1 is an |/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)]
affair (something attended to) jundi (jud ju'i): x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/| x2
affair (| with representation) krati (ka'i): x3 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in |(s)/function(s) x3 [also: on behalf of]
affair involved in | x2 of cuntu
affectionate (feels |) prami (pam pa'i): x1 loves/feels strong | devotion towards x2 (object/state) [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)]
affirms xusra (xus xu'a): x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/|/purports to know that x2]
affix compound (contrasted with 'phrase compound' = tanru) lujvo (luv jvo): x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4
affix compound argument of | x3 of lujvo
affix compound 2. meaning of | x2 of lujvo
affix compound 3. metaphor of | x4 of lujvo
affix form x3 of rafsi
affix language x4 of rafsi
affix thing having | x2 of rafsi
affix 2. gismu (gim gi'u): x4 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with |(es) x4 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]
affix 3. rafsi (raf): x1 is an |/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4
afflicted (diseased) bilma (bi'a): x1 is ill/sick/diseased/| with symptoms x2 from disease x3
afflicts (of a trouble or disturbance) raktu (ra'u): x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 [also |, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]
afraid terpa (tep te'a): x1 fears x2; x1 is |/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]
African aspect x2 of friko
African friko (fi'o): x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
after (in time) balvi (bav): x1 is in the future of/later than/| x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) |; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)]
after (physically) jersi (je'i): x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows | x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 [x1 follows | x2]
after (sequentially) lidne (li'e): x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 |, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]
after (| movement) muvdu (muv mu'u): x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); | a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]
after x2 of purci
after 2. see also "before", which meanings generally have an "after" place as a basis for comparison
afterwards balvi (bav): x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends |; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)]
again krefu (ref ke'u): x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens | in [form] x1 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]
against (adjacent to) lamji (lam la'i): x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 [also touching, contiguous, |]
against (argues | a stand/position) darlu (dau): x1 argues for stand x2 | stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]
against (contends/balances | opponents) fapro (fap pro): x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists | opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract)
against (hears | background) tirna (tin): x1 hears x2 | background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural
against (insure | peril/loss) binra: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) | peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)]
against (restrained | action) rinju (ri'u): x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 | x3 (event) [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]
against (rolls | surface) gunro (gur gu'o): x1 rolls/trundles on/| surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller
against (supports | opposing force) sarji (sra): x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 | force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)]
against (takes revenge |) venfu (vef): x1 takes revenge on/retaliates | x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]
against (tax levied | person) cteki (tek ce'i): x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied | x3 by authority/collector x4 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute]
against (vaccine | disease) jinku: x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 | disease x3 introduced by method x4 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)]
against (weapon for use | opponent/victim) xarci (xac xa'i): x1 is a weapon/arms for use | x2 by x3 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]
against (| opponent in a war) jamna (jam): x1 (person/mass) wars | x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2
against rigid | force) tinsa: x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 | force x3 under conditions x4 [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]
against argued | x3 of darlu
against 2. noise heard | x3 of tirna
against 3. restrained | x3 of rinju
against 4. revenged | x2 of venfu
against 5. rubbed | x3 of mosra
against 6. secured | x2 of snura
against 7. supported | x3 of sarji
against 8. vaccinated | x3 of jinku
age (duration of interval) temci (tem tei): x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 [also |/elapsed time (= niltei)]
age (length of familiarity/association with one) slabu (sau): x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. |, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), | (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]
age (| of boy) nanla: x2 of: x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of | x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]
age (| of child) verba (ver ve'a): x2 of: x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of | x2, immature by standard x3 [not necessarily human]
age (| of girl) nixli (nix xli): x2 of: x1 is a girl [young female person] of | x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]
age cedra: x1 is an era/epoch/| characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a)
age 2. citno (cit ci'o): x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 [also | (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]
agent (representive/proxy) krati (ka'i): x1 represents/is an |/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 [also: on behalf of]
agent (| controlling/triggering apparatus) cabra (ca'a): x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (|) [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external |/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external | to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]
agent (| of movement - pushing) catke (ca'e): x1 [|] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]
agent (| of movement) muvdu (muv mu'u): x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); |-ive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. preja for similar movement with no | implied)
agent (| of success) snada (sad): x1 [|] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
agent (| used/employed by another) pilno (pli): x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, |, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)]
agent (|-ive cause) gasnu (gau): x1 [person/|] is an |-ive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2
agent of authority (of police) pulji: x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 [police officer, as an | (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]
agent rotting | x2 of fusra
agent 2. curmi (cru): x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), | that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]
aggregate gunma (gum): x1 is a mass/team/|/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]
aggression (an event of aggression) gunta (gut): x1 is an |, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing | upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4
aggression (commits |) gunta (gut): x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits | upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3
aggressor (in an event of aggression) gunta (gut): x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an |
aggressor gunta (gut): x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an |
agitates jicla: x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/|] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]
agrarian cange (cag): x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is | [also grange; farming is any organized | activity, not limited to plant crops]
agree tugni (tug tu'i): x1 [person] |-s with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4
agreed about x4 of tugni
agreed that x3 of tugni
agreed upon x3 of tugni
agreed with x2 of tugni
agreement (basis for an obligation) bilga (big): x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/| x3; x1 must do x2 [also x3 frame of reference]
agreement (in | sarxe (sax): harmonious), x1 is harmonious/concordant/in |/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)
agreement x3 of tugni
agrees tugni (tug tu'i): x1 [person] | with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4
ahead crane (cra): x1 is anterior/|/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]
aid sidju (dju): x1 helps/assists/|-s object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3
aid 2. sarji (sra): x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 [also |-s; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)]
aide x1 of sidju
aids sidju (dju): x1 helps/assists/| object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3
aids 2. sarji (sra): x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 [also |; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)]
ailment (something treated/cured) mikce (mic): x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]
ailment treated x3 of mikce
ailment see also "ill", "sick", "hurt"
air composition x3 of vacri
air for fire x3 of fagri
air mass dilnu (dil): x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in | x3 at floor/base elevation x4
air pollution danmo (dam): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/| from source x2 [x2 may be a fire]
air planet with | x2 of vacri
air 2. jelca (jel): x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in |; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]
air 3. vofli (vol voi): x1 flies [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2
air 4. nunvofli: x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3
air 5. vacri (var): x1 is a quantity of |/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3
air 6. kamvofli: x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3
air-reed flani: x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/| musical instrument]
aircraft vinji (vij): x1 is an airplane/| [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3
airplane flies by | x2 of vinji
airplane 2. vinji (vij): x1 is an |/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3
ajar kalri (kar): x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/|/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 [as a doorway]
akin ckini (ki'i): kin, x1 is related to/associated with/| to x2 by relationship x3
akin 2. ckini (ki'i): x1 is related to/associated with/| to x2 by relationship x3
alarm spaji (paj): x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 [also expectation (= nalspaji), | (= te'arspaji)]
alate x2 of nalci
albumin lanbi: x1 is a quantity of protein/| of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u)
alcohol source x3 of xalka
alcohol type x2 of xalka
alcohol xalka (xal): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of type x2 from source/process x3
ale birje: x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/|/brew brewed from x2
alert cikna (cik): (adjective:) x1 is awake/|/conscious
Algerian aspect x2 of jerxo
Algerian jerxo (jex): x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2
algorithmic x2 of tadji
alien perceive as | x3 of fange
alien 2. cizra (ciz): x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) [also |, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]
alien 3. fange: x1 is |/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)
alienation (carried with | from origin x3) bevri (bev bei): x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] [| from x2 to x3 is implied]
alienation (move with | from origin x3) muvdu (muv mu'u): x1 (object) moves to/towards destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply | from origin)
alienation (possible | in transmission) benji (bej be'i): x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) | from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]
alienation (removal) vimcu (vic vi'u): x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 [also appropriates, confiscates; | is inherent]
alienation (seizure) lebna (leb le'a): x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, | is implied]; (cf. vimcu for | where x1 need not gain possession)
alienness property x2 of fange
alike (parallel panra: differing only in property), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are |/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]
alike (similar) simsa (smi): x1 is similar/|/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
alike (similar 2. simsa (smi): having common property), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are |; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
alive jmive (miv ji'e): x1 lives/is | by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]
aliveness standard x2 of jmive
alkali composition x2 of jilka
alkali metal sodna: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | metal of type x2 [default sodium] [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda]
alkali type metal x2 of sodna
alkali jilka (jil): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/base of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]
alkaline jilka (jil): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is |]
Allah jegvo (jeg je'o): x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2
alley klaji (laj): x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/|/[road] at x2 accessing x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
alliterates rimni (rim): x1 rhymes/| with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]
allocated fatri (fai): x1 is distributed/allotted/|/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]
allocation x3 of fatri
allotted fatri (fai): x1 is distributed/|/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]
allowed x2 of curmi
allowing (authorizing jaspu (jap): of a passport), x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 | x4 (activity)
allowing (of a net/filter) julne (ju'e): x1 is a net/filter | passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 [also sieve]
allows x2 of cumki
allows 2. curmi (cru): x1 (agent) lets/permits/| x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits/| a situation (= tcinycru)]
alloy (brass) lastu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc |] of composition including x2 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]
alloy see also "bronze", "mixture"
alloy 2. ransu: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze [|] of composition including x2
alluring (of a lure/temptation) xlura (xlu): x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 [also impresses; x4 is | (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states)
alluring (of something attractive) trina (tri): x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) [also: x1 is | to x2]
alluring x3 of trina
alms pikci: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, |]
alone x1 of claxu
alone 2. sepli (sep sei): x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 [also aloof (= jiksei), | (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one |" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are |); x3 space]
along (accompanying) kansa (kan): x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) [x1 is together with/| with x2]
along (of sites accessed by a street/corridor) klaji (laj): x3 of: x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites | it]
along a street x3 of klaji
aloof sepli (sep sei): x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 [also | (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]
alot mutce (tce): x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 [also very, pretty, |, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]
aloud bacru (ba'u): x1 utters verbally/says |/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]
alpaca kumte: x1 is a camel/llama/|/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]
alphabet x2 of lerfu
alphabet 2. lerfu (ler le'u): x2 of: x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in |/character-set x2 representing x3 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]
alphabetic lerfu (ler le'u): x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is |/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]
alter galfi (gaf ga'i): x1 (event) modifies/|-s/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]
alternation (logical |) vlina: x1 is a logical |/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true
alternative 1st | x2 of vlina
alternative 2. 2nd | x3 of vlina
alternatives (choices) cuxna (cux cu'a): x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of | x3 (complete set) [also prefer (= nelcu'a)]
alters galfi (gaf ga'i): x1 (event) modifies/|/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]
ambassador jansu (jas): x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also | (= raljansu, trujansu)]
ambience vanbi (vab): x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/| of x2 [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]
ambient (conditions for seeing; e.g | light) viska (vis vi'a): x3 of: x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include | lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]
ambient (environment) vanbi (vab): x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 [(adjective:) x1 is |]
ambient background x3 of tirna
ambient nunvi'a: x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include | lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived]
ameliorative zabna (zan za'a): x1 is a |/favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3
American (Hispanic-|) xispo (xip): x1 reflects Hispano-| culture/nationalities in aspect x2 [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-| countries, not Brazil/Guyana]
American (North |) bemro (bem be'o): x1 reflects North | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
American (South |) ketco (ket tco): x1 reflects South | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
American (USA) merko (mer): x1 pertains to USA/| culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2
American aspect USA | x2 of merko
American aspect 2. North | x2 of bemro
American aspect 3. South | x2 of ketco
amid cmima (mim cmi): x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is |/among/amongst group x2 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]
amidst jbini (bin bi'i): x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/| mass x2 in property x3 (ka) [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]
amino acids (sequence in protein) lanbi: x2 of: x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of | acids (sequence/jo'u)
ammonia trano: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/|/nitrates [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]
amoeba jurme (jum): x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/| [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2
among published | x2 of gubni
amongst cmima (mim cmi): x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/| group x2 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]
amount (beyond in |) bancu (bac): x4 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/| x4 (ka/ni) [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]
amount (cost of a purchase) vecnu (ven ve'u): x4 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for |/cost/expense x4 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]
amount (data for averaging) cnano (na'o): x2 of: x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/| x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]
amount (price set by vendor/offeror) jdima (di'a): x1 [|] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual | exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]
amount (| less than) mleca (mec me'a): x3 of: x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by | x4 [also negative (= nonme'a)]
amount (| more than zmadu (zma mau): excess), x3 of: x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by |/excess x4 [also positive (= nonmau)]
amount (| of adjustment) stika (tik): x3 of: x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in |/degree x3 [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]
amount (| of augmentation) jmina (min): x3 of: x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by | x3
amount (| of decrease) jdika: x3 of: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by | x3
amount (| of increase) zenba (zen ze'a): x3 of: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by | x3
amount (| of variance) cenba (cne): x3 of: x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in |/degree x3 under conditions x4 [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change]
amount abstract x1 of ni broda
amount abstract 2. scale of | x2 of ni broda
amount in amperes x2 of xampo
amount of charge x3 of dikca
amount adjustment | x3 of stika
amount 2. decrease | x3 of jdika
amount 3. increase | x3 of zenba
amount 4. see aldo "degree", "quantity", "level"
amount 5. varying | x3 of cenba
amount 6. nunve'u: x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4
ampere standard x3 of xampo
ampere xampo (xap xa'o): x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3
amperes amount in | x2 of xampo
amperes 2. current in | x2 of xampo
amphibian species x2 of banfi
amphibian banfi: x1 is an | of species/breed x2
amused x2 of xajmi
amused 2. x2 of zdile
amused 3. zdile (zdi): x2 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is | by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]
amusement zdile (zdi): x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an |/entertainment/[game] for x2]
amuses zdile (zdi): x1 or x3 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what | x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]
amusing property x3 of zdile
amusing zdile (zdi): x1 (abstract) is |/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]
anal ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the anus/| orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is |]
analogy (congruence in one or more among many properties) dunli (dun du'i): x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); '|' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]
analogy see also "parallel"
analysis method x3 of lanli
analysis subject of | x2 of lanli
analyze lanli (lal): x1 |-s/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity]
analyzed x2 of lanli
analyzes lanli (lal): x1 |/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity]
ancestor thing having | x2 of dzena
ancestor 2. dzena (dze): x1 is an elder/| of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents
ancestral bond x3 of dzena
anchored x2 of lasna
ancient consider metaphor "polar opposite- young" (= tolci'o)
ancient 2. slabu (sau): x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also | (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]
anger object of | x2 of fengu
anger 2. reason for | x3 of fengu
angle (2-dimensional) jganu (jga): x1 is an | [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]
angle (3 or more dimensional kojna (koj ko'a): corner |), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] | [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]
angle (slope |) salpo (sa'o): x2 of: x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with | x2 to horizon/frame x3 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]
angle vertex x2 of jganu
angle x2 of sinso
angle 2. x2 of tanjo
angle 3. side of an | x3 of jganu
angle 4. subtend | x3 of jganu
angle 5. stero (te'o): x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid | (default is 1) by standard x3
angled (right-|) kurfa (kur): x1 is a right-| shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]
angled salpo (sa'o): x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant/| with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]
angora kanba: x1 is a goat/|/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2
angry fengu (feg fe'u): x1 is |/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)
anguish cause | x2 of dunku
anguish (| over) dunku (duk du'u): x1 is |-ed/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2
anguished (of a person feeling anguish) dunku (duk du'u): x1 is |/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2
angular jganu (jga): x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 [also (adjective:) x1 is |; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]
angular 2. radno (ra'o): x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in | measure (default is 1) by standard x3 [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)]
animal (biologically animate) danlu (dal da'u): x1 is an |/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate
animal (invertebrate |) curnu (cur): x1 is a worm/invertebrate | of species/breed x2 [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]
animal (mammal) mabru (mab): x1 is a mammal/'|'/beast of species x2
animal (source of meat) rectu (rec re'u): x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/| x2
animal (source of non-linguistic utterance) cmoni (cmo co'i): x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) [also shriek, most | sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow]
animal (species classification of |) jutsi (jut): x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean |/plant taxonomy]
animal (| making speech sound) voksa (vok vo'a): x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of | x2
animal species x2 of danlu
animal bovine | x1 of bakni
animal 2. woolly | x2 of sunla
animate (biological) danlu (dal da'u): x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically |
animate see also "moves"
animation skina (kin): x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/| (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]
anniversary citsi: x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 [also | (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]
annoy fanza (faz): x1 (event) |-s/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 [also: is disruptive to]
annoyance person suffering | x2 of fanza
annoyed x2 of fanza
annoys fanza (faz): x1 (event) |/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 [also: is disruptive to]
annual (pertaining to a year) nanca (na'a): x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is | [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]
annual (repetitively occuring each year) see "season"
annulus djine (jin): x1 is a ring/|/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]
another (do to one |) simxu (sim si'u): x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) [members of x1 do to each other/one | x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other]
another (| time krefu (ref ke'u): | occurance), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 [also case, |, instance, different, other, time, occasion]
another thing which is walled off x3 of bitmu
another see "other"
another 2. that cursed/blessed by | x2 of dapma
answer (response to stimulus/event) spuda (spu): x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 [x3 also |/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing]
answer (| to a problem) danfu (daf): x1 is the |/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2
answer see also "react"
answered question | x2 of danfu
answerer x1 of danfu
answers (reacts) frati (fra): x1 reacts/responds/| with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]
answers (responds/replies) spuda (spu): x1 |/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing]
ant species x2 of manti
ant manti: x1 is an | of species/breed x2
Antarctican aspect x2 of dzipo
Antarctican dzipo (zip zi'o): x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
antecedent (| of a result) jalge (jag ja'e): x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of |/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) [also: x2 gives rise to/[causes] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
anterior crane (cra): x1 is |/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]
anthracite kolme (kol ko'e): x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/|/bituminous from source x2
antilogarithm x2 of dugri
anus thing having | x2 of ganxo
anus 2. ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the |/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]
anxious xanka: x1 is nervous/| about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3
aorist (| simultaneity) cabna (cab): x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time [time relationship only, '|' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other]
apart sepli (sep sei): x1 is |/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning | or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]
ape smani: x1 is a monkey/|/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2
aperture (covered by a curtain) murta (mur mu'a): x2 of: x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring | x2, and made of material x3
aperture curtained | x2 of murta
apex kojna (koj ko'a): x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 [also |; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]
apparatus (aural sensory |) kerlo (ker): x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory |, information gathering] [(adjective:) x1 is aural]
apparatus (general term) cabra (ca'a): x1 is |/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. ganzu for organizational |)
apparatus (machine minji (mi'i): automated |), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated |, without direct function control] [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]
apparatus (pumping |) pambe: x1 is a pump/injector [tool/|] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]
apparatus (respiratory |) fepri: x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory |/bellows] [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]
apparatus (visual sensory |) kanla (kal): x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory |]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular [x1 is optic]
apparatus (| operated) sazri (saz): x2 of: x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [|/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3
apparatus (| used for purpose) pilno (pli): x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, |, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)]
apparatus function x2 of cabra
apparatus operator x3 of cabra
apparatus control | x3 of cabra
apparatus 2. see also "instrument", "device", "tool"
apparent (lucid/clear) klina (kli): x2 of: x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] [also lucid; x2 remains |/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)]
apparent motion muvdu (muv mu'u): x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); | motion (= mlumu'u)]
apparent property x2 of simlu
apparently observe x3 of simlu
appeals trina (tri): x1 attracts/| to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) [also: x1 is alluring to x2]
appearance x2 of simlu
appears (of color) skari (ska): x1 is/| to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]
appears (seems) simlu (mlu): x1 seems/| to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]
appears (| like) simsa (smi): x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/| like x2 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]
appears see also all words with "observer" arguments in their structure, (whether listed under that keyword or not)
appendage (arm birka (bir): branch with strength), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), | (but jimca, rebla preferred)]
appendage (limb) jimca (jic): x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] [also |]
appendage (supporting | tuple (tup tu'e): leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting |]
appendage (trailing | rebla (reb): tail), x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/|]
appendage grasping | x3 of jgari
appendix rebla (reb): x1 is a/the tail/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage]
apple species x2 of plise
apple plise: x1 is an | [fruit] of species/strain x2
application (art larcu (lar): creative |), x1 (process) is an art [creative |] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]
applied (of ink penbi (peb): with a pen), x2 of: x1 is a pen using ink x2 | by process x3
applied (of polish) spali: x3 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, | using tool x4
applies (| force) danre (da'e): x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/| force to x2 [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]
applies (| lifting force) lafti (laf): x1 (force) lifts/| raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)]
applies see also agentive "spreads"
applying (of a pencil/crayon with marking material) pinsi (pis): x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus | lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]
apportioned fatri (fai): x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) [also spread, shared out, |; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]
appraise x3 of vamji
appreciate x2 of kukte
appreciation (state generating worth) vamji (vam va'i): x4 of: x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/| x4 [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]
appreciative (grateful) ckire (kir): x1 is grateful/thankful to/| of x2 for x3 (event/property) [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]
apprehends (catches) kavbu (kav): x1 captures/catches/|/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]
apprehends see also "understands" (generally initiative tense), "anxious"
apprentice rirni (rir): x1 is a parent of/raises |/daughter x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege/| x2
approach (method) tadji: x1 [process] is a method/technique/|/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]
appropriate (fitting) mapti (mat): x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/|/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3
appropriates (removes) vimcu (vic vi'u): x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 [also |, confiscates; alienation is inherent]
appropriates (takes/confiscates) lebna (leb le'a): x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) [also confiscates, |]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]
approve zanru (zar zau): x1 |-s of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)
approved x2 of zanru
approves zanru (zar zau): x1 | of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)
approximates (is near to) jibni (jbi): x1 is near/close to/| x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)
aptitude stati: x1 has a talent/|/innate skill for doing/being x2
aqua- djacu (jac jau): aqu-, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is |-eous/[|-atic] [|-tic (= jaupli)]
aquaintance x1 of slabu
aquainted with x2 of slabu
aquatic finpe (fip fi'e): x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish | vertebrates]
aquatic 2. djacu (jac jau): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[|] [| (= jaupli)]
aqueous djacu (jac jau): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is |/[aquatic] [aquatic (= jaupli)]
aquisition x2 of lebna
Arabian camel kumte: x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); | camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]
Arabian sadjo (djo): x1 reflects Saudi | culture/nationality in aspect x2
Arabic (pertaining to Arabs as a Semitic people/culture) semto (sme): x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 [Semitic includes |, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]
Arabic (pertaining to the |-speaking culture) xrabo (rab): x1 reflects |-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2
Arabic aspect x2 of xrabo
arachnid jukni (juk): x1 is a spider/|/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2
Aramaic semto (sme): x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, |, and Ethiopian, among others]
arbitrary cunso (cun cu'o): x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, | (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]
arbitrate (judge an event/condition) pajni (pai): x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/| (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]
arbitrates pajni (pai): x1 judges/referees/|/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]
arc bargu (bag): x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 [also |; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
arc 2. lindi (lid): x1 is lightning/electrical |/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 [also thunder (= lidysna)]
arch material x3 of bargu
arch bargu (bag): x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an | over/around x2 of material x3 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
arched over thing | x2 of bargu
arches bargu (bag): x1 |/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
archetypical prane (pa'e): x1 is perfect/ideal/|/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) [also without defect/error]
arcsine x2 of sinso
arcsine 2. sinso: x1 is the trigonometric sine of | x2
arctangent x2 of tanjo
arctangent 2. tanjo: x1 is the trigonometric tangent of | x2
are related x3 of bridi
area (extent) kuspe (kup ku'e): x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/|/scope/extent/range x2
area (gathered from) crepu (rep): x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/| x3
area (metropolitan) tcadu (tca): x1 is a town/city of metropolitan | x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]
area (rural) nurma (num): x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral | of x2; x1 is in the country
area (served by temple/church) malsi (mas): x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving | x3 [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]
area (suburban) jarbu: x1 is a suburban | of city/metropolis x2
area (units) kramu: x1 is x2 local | unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...)
area of effect x2 of diklo
area canlu (cal ca'u): x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional |] occupied by x2 [also occupy (= selca'u)]
argent rijno (rij): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/|-um (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing]
Argentinian aspect x2 of gento
Argentinian gento (get ge'o): x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2
argentum rijno (rij): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/| (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing]
argon navni: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/|/radon/xenon] [default neon]
argue darlu (dau): x1 |-s for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]
argued against x3 of darlu
argued for x2 of darlu
argues darlu (dau): x1 | for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]
argument (something not taken sides on) nutli (nul nu'i): x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 [also x2 |/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]
argument (| of predicate/function) sumti (sum su'i): x1 is a/the | of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) (x1 and x2 are text)
argument of affix compound x3 of lujvo
argument place x3 of sumti
argument relation x3 of sumti
argument roles (| of Lojban root - gismu) gismu (gim gi'u): x3 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among | x3, with affix(es) x4 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]
argument predicate with | x2 of sumti
arguments (| of a compound predicate word - lujvo) lujvo (luv jvo): x3 of: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and | x3 built from metaphor x4
arguments (| of predication) bridi (bri): x3 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among | (sequence/set) x3 [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified)
arguments predicate | x3 of bridi
arguments 2. root word | x3 of gismu
arid sudga (sud): x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is |
arises jalge (jag ja'e): x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) [also: x2 | from x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]
arises 2. rinka (rik ri'a): x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 | from x2]
aristocratic nobli (nol no'i): x1 is noble/|/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]
arm (body part) birka (bir): x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]
arm (garment) gluta (glu): x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower | garment] of material x2 [mitten (= degycauglu)]
arm (lever) vraga (vra): x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and | x4
arm (weapon) xarci (xac xa'i): x1 is a weapon/|-s for use against x2 by x3 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]
arm lever | x4 of vraga
arm 2. thing having | x2 of birka
armed x2 of birka
armed 2. x3 of xarci
arms xarci (xac xa'i): x1 is a weapon/| for use against x2 by x3 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]
army function x3 of jenmi
army soldier's | x2 of sonci
army 2. thing having | x2 of jenmi
army 3. jenmi (jem jei): x1 (mass) is an | serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)
army 4. sonci (son soi): x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of | x2
army 5. bilni (bil): x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an | to defend a state (= bilpre)]
around (arches/curves |) bargu (bag): x1 arches/curves over/| x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/| x2 of material x3 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]
around (detours |) rivbi (riv): x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours |, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]
around (encircles |) sruri (rur sru): x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle |/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]
around (movement | axis) carna (car): x1 turns/rotates/revolves | axis x2 in direction x3 [also revolve (= jincarna)]
around (planet revolving | sun) plini: x1 is a planet revolving | x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4
around (ring/collar |) karli: x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band |/surrounding x2 made of material x3 [also sphincter]
around (shell |) calku (cak): x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] | x2 composed of x3
arranged (of forms in a pattern) morna (mon mo'a): x2 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 | according to structure x3 [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]
arrangement (form of a crystal) krili: x3 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/| x3 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]
arrangement (plan) platu (pla): x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/|/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]
arrangement (structure/organization) stura (tur su'a): x1 is a structure/|/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] (x2, if a set, is completely specified)
arrangement x2 of porsi
arrangement 2. x3 of morna
arrival (prompting a greeting) rinsa: x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to | of x2 in manner x3 (action)
arrives (prompting a greeting) rinsa: x2 of: x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to x2 [, who |, ] in manner x3 (action)
arse zargu (zag za'u): x1 is a/the buttock(s)/|/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] [also ass, behind, butt]
arsehole ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also asshole/ass/|; (adjective:) x1 is anal]
art larcu (lar): x1 (process) is an | [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]
arthropod (blood-sucking/parasitic |) civla (civ): x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking |] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3
arthropod (insect) cinki: x1 is an insect/| of species x2; [bug/beetle]
arthropod (non-insect |) jukni (juk): x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect |] of species/breed x2
article language x3 of gadri
article semantics x4 of gadri
article phrase with | x2 of gadri
article 2. gadri (gad): x1 is an |/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the |/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing '|'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; '|' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning]
artifact make | x2 of rutni
artifact 2. rutni (run): x1 is an |; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made
artificial rutni (run): x1 is an artifact; x1 is |; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made
artist (one who does a creative act) see "create", "invent""
artist (one who practices an art with skill) see "expert"
artist x3 of pixra
artist 2. pixra (pir xra): x3 of: x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by | x3 in medium x4 [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]
artistic (pertaining to arts and crafts) larcu (lar): x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) [(adjective:) x1 is |]
artistic activity x2 of larcu
arts kulnu (klu): x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, |] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]
as much as dunli (dun du'i): x1 is equal/congruent to/| x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]
ashamed before x3 of ckeji
ashamed (one who is |) ckeji (kej cke): x1 feels |/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3
Asiatic aspect x2 of xazdo
Asiatic xazdo (xaz zdo): x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
ask x3 of preti
asked x4 of preti
asks pikci: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [| with humility] x2 for x3 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms]
asks 2. cpedu (cpe): x1 requests/|/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 [also demand (= mi'ecpe)]
aslant salpo (sa'o): x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/| with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]
asleep sipna (sip): x1 is | (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping
aspartame (sugar-like substance) sakta (sat): x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/|/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]
aspect African | x2 of friko
aspect 2. Algerian | x2 of jerxo
aspect 3. American | x2 of merko
aspect 4. Antarctican | x2 of dzipo
aspect 5. Arabic | x2 of xrabo
aspect 6. Argentinian | x2 of gento
aspect 7. Asiatic | x2 of xazdo
aspect 8. Australian | x2 of sralo
aspect 9. Bengali | x2 of bengo
aspect 10. Brazilian | x2 of brazo
aspect 11. British | x2 of brito
aspect 12. Buddhist | x2 of budjo
aspect 13. Canadian | x2 of kadno
aspect 14. Chinese | x2 of jungo
aspect 15. Christian | x2 of xriso
aspect 16. Egyptian | x2 of misro
aspect 17. English | x2 of glico
aspect 18. European | x2 of ropno
aspect 19. French | x2 of fraso
aspect 20. German | x2 of dotco
aspect 21. Greek | x2 of xelso
aspect 22. Hebrew | x2 of xebro
aspect 23. Hindi | x2 of xindo
aspect 24. Hispanic | x2 of xispo
aspect 25. Indonesian | x2 of bindo
aspect 26. Iraqi | x2 of rakso
aspect 27. Islamic | x2 of muslo
aspect 28. Japanese | x2 of ponjo
aspect 29. Jehovist | x2 of jegvo
aspect 30. Jordanian | x2 of jordo
aspect 31. Latin | x2 of latmo
aspect 32. Lebanese | x2 of lubno
aspect 33. Libyan | x2 of libjo
aspect 34. Lojbanic | x2 of lojbo
aspect 35. Malay-Ind | x2 of baxso
aspect 36. Malaysian | x2 of meljo
aspect 37. Mexican | x2 of mexno
aspect 38. Moroccan | x2 of morko
aspect 39. North American | x2 of bemro
aspect 40. Pakistani | x2 of kisto
aspect 41. Palestinian | x2 of filso
aspect 42. Polynesian | x2 of polno
aspect 43. Portuguese | x2 of porto
aspect 44. Russian | x2 of rusko
aspect 45. Sanskrit | x2 of srito
aspect 46. Saudi | x2 of sadjo
aspect 47. Scottish | x2 of skoto
aspect 48. Semitic | x2 of semto
aspect 49. Slavic | x2 of slovo
aspect 50. South American | x2 of ketco
aspect 51. Soviet | x2 of softo
aspect 52. Spanish | x2 of spano
aspect 53. Syrian | x2 of sirxo
aspect 54. Taoist | x2 of dadjo
aspect 55. Ukrainian | x2 of vukro
aspect 56. Urdi | x2 of xurdo
aspects (properties controlled/managed within an event) jitro (tro): x2 of: x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) [x2 are |/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]
asphalt tarla: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/| from source x2
ass xasli: x1 is a donkey/jack-| of species/breed x2
ass 2. ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also asshole/|/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]
ass 3. zargu (zag za'u): x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] [also |, behind, butt]
assembled (science | of a mass of facts) saske (ske): x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/| by a consistent methodology]
assembled zbasu (zba): x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is |/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 [should not be used to express causation]
assembles zbasu (zba): x1 makes/|/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 [should not be used to express causation]
assembly line molki (mlo): x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[|] performing process x2 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]
assert xusra (xus xu'a): x1 (agent) |-s/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]
asserted x2 of xusra
assertion x2 of xusra
asserts xusra (xus xu'a): x1 (agent) |/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]
assets zivle (ziv vle): x2 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested | of x1; bond (= jertervle)]
asshole (body part) ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/|/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also |/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]
asshole (derogative appellation) see "derogative", Lojban "mabla"
asshole/arsehole ganxo (gax): x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]
assignable predicate variable broda (rod): 1st | (context determines place structure)
assignable predicate variable 2. brode (bo'e): 2nd | (context determines place structure)
assignable predicate variable 3. brodi: 3rd | (context determines place structure)
assignable predicate variable 4. brodo: 4th | (context determines place structure)
assignable predicate variable 5. brodu: 5th | (context determines place structure)
assistant vipsi (vip): x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 [also |, adjutant]
assists sidju (dju): x1 helps/|/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3
associate see also "friend", "with", "known", "relative"
associated (related by specific relationship) ckini (ki'i): x1 is related to/| with/akin to x2 by relationship x3
associated (related/germane/relevant) srana (ra'a): x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/| with/is about x2 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]
associated (specifically | with) steci (tec te'i): x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically |]; (x3 is completely specified set)]
association steci (tec te'i): x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose | is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]
assorted vrici: x1 (set/mass/individual) is miscellaneous/various/| in property x2 (ka)
assume sruma (ru'a): x1 |-s/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
assumed (of a belief) krici (kri): x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/| about subject x3 [also gives credence, has conviction]
assumed x2 of sruma
assumes (borrow temporarily) jbera (jer): x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/| x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 [credit (= jernu'e); borrows/| a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]
assumes (supposes) sruma (ru'a): x1 |/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
assumes (| a sitting position) zutse (zut tse): x1 sits [| sitting position] on surface x2
assumption subject x3 of sruma
assumption x2 of sruma
assures nupre (nup nu'e): x1 (agent) promises/commits/|/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim]
astronomical twilight murse: x1 is the [|] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]
at ease surla (sur): x1 relaxes/rests/is | in/by doing/being x2 (activity)
at night nicte (cte): x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is |/nocturnal [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow | (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last | (= prulamcte)]
at peace with x2 of panpi
at peace panpi (pap): x1 is | with x2
at rest cando (cad): x1 is idle/|/inactive ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]
at x1 of zvati
at 2. remained | x2 of stali
at 3. zvati (zva): x1 (object/event) is |/attending/present | x2 (event/location) [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]
atmosphere (air) vacri (var): x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous | of planet x2, of composition including x3
atmosphere (sea xamsi (xas): large partially or fully enclosing layer of a planet), x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[|] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine [also | (= varxamsi, varsenta)]
atmosphere (something x1 burns in) jelca (jel): x3 of: x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in | x3 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]
atmosphere burning | x3 of jelca
atmosphere 2. see also "environment", "surrounding", "shell", "layer", "skin"
atmosphere 3. nunvofli: x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/|] using lifting/propulsion means x3
atmosphere 4. kamvofli: x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/|] using lifting/propulsion means x3
atoll daplu (plu): x1 is an island/|/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular
atom selci (sle): x1 is a cell/|/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 (x2 generally has mass nature)
atom 2. ratni (rat): x1 is an | of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3
atomic number ratni (rat): x2 of: x1 is an atom of element/| x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3
atomic weight ratni (rat): x3 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/| x3
atop cpana: x1 is upon/|/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 (x1 may be object or event)
attached (become physically |) lasna (la'a): x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes |]
attached (joined at locus) jorne (jon jo'e): x1 or x2 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union [also joined/fastened/| by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]
attached (of a phone/modem to a network) fonxa (fon): x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem | to system/network x2
attached (of a shelf/counter) kajna: x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/| to supporting object x2, for purpose x3
attaches (agentive) lasna (la'a): x1 (agent) fastens/connects/| x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached]
attaching (of a joint - body part) janco (jan): x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] | limb/extremity x2 to body x3
attack goal x3 of gunta
attack gunta (gut): x1 (person/mass) |-s/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3
attacked with weapon x2 of xarci
attacked x2 of gunta
attacker (in an event of aggression) gunta (gut): x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an |
attacker gunta (gut): x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an |
attacking (an event of aggression) gunta (gut): x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4
attacks gunta (gut): x1 (person/mass) |/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3
attain (something attempted) troci (toc toi): x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/| x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 [also experiments at]
attain see also "succeed", "do"
attainment (goal of an event of trying) nuntoi: x3 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do | x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4
attempt (an event of trying) nuntoi: x1 is a try/|/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4
attempt (| which succeeds) snada (sad): x3 of: x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/|/try x3 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]
attempted x2 of troci
attempting (an event of trying) nuntoi: x2 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/|/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4
attempts (| to stimulate) frati (fra): x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); | to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]
attempts (| to warn) kajde (jde): x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); | to warn but may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]
attempts troci (toc toi): x1 tries/|/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 [also experiments at]
attend school x4 of ckule
attend jundi (jud ju'i): x1 is attentive towards/|-s/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2
attended to x2 of jundi
attended location | x2 of zvati
attending (present at) zvati (zva): x1 (object/event) is at/|/present at x2 (event/location) [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]
attends (pays attention) jundi (jud ju'i): x1 is attentive towards/|/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2
attends (takes care of) kurji (kuj ku'i): x1 takes-care-of/looks after/| to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]
attention (pays |) jundi (jud ju'i): x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays | to object/affair x2
attentive jundi (jud ju'i): x1 is | towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2
atto- (metric prefix); x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xatsi (xat)
attract trina (tri): x1 |-s/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) [also: x1 is alluring to x2]
attracted x2 of trina
attracting property x3 of trina
attraction (to a gender) cinse (cin): x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[| to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)]
attractive x3 of trina
attracts trina (tri): x1 |/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) [also: x1 is alluring to x2]
atypical (of an event deserving reward) cnemu (nem ne'u): x3 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for | x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 [differs from earned payment because of | nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]
atypical (rare) rirci: x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/| in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) (x3 is complete specification of set)
audacious behavior x2 of darsi
audacity darsi: x1 shows |/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) [x1 is bold]
audacious darsi: x1 is |/shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) [x1 is bold]
audible tirna (tin): x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is |; (adjective:) x1 is aural
audience (intended | for a book) cukta (cku): x4 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for | x4 preserved in medium x5 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
audience (intended | for learning at a school) ckule (kul cu'e): x4 of: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to |/community x4 operated by x5 [also college, university]
audience addressed x3 of cusku
audience of drama x4 of draci
audience x3 of skicu
audience 2. cinema | x4 of skina
audience 3. performance | x3 of tigni
augment see also "grow"
augment 2. zenba (zen ze'a): x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/|-ed in property/quantity x2 by amount x3
augment 3. jmina (min): x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) |-s x2 by amount x3
augmented zenba (zen ze'a): x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/| in property/quantity x2 by amount x3
augments jmina (min): x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) | x2 by amount x3
august banli (bal ba'i): x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, |, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]
aunt thing having | x2 of famti
aunt famti: x1 is an |/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation
aural (pertaining to something heard) tirna (tin): x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is |
aural (pertaining to the ear) kerlo (ker): x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] [(adjective:) x1 is |]
aural kerlo (ker): x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] [(adjective:) x1 is |]
Australian aspect x2 of sralo
Australian sralo: x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2
author (| of book) cukta (cku): x3 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by | x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/
author (| of fiction) cfika (fik fi'a): x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by | x3 [also story, lie, untrue]
author (| of letter) xatra (xa'a): x3 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from |/originator x3 with content x4 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between | and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject')
author (| of message) notci (not noi): x3 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from | x3 to intended audience x4 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]
author (| of poem) pemci (pem): x3 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by | x3 for intended audience x4 [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]
author (| of prose) prosa (ros ro'a): x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by | x3 for intended audience x4 [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]
author (|/stroyteller of a story) lisri (lis): x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the |]
author of a book x3 of cukta
author of fiction x3 of cfika
author x3 of prosa
author 2. letter | x3 of xatra
authority (epistemological |) xusra (xus xu'a): x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of |] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]
authority (person/official having | over) catni (ca'i): x1 has |/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3
authority (police officer pulji: as an agent of |), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 [police officer, as an agent of | (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]
authority (| granting charter to a corporation) kagni (kag): x2 of: x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by | x2 for purpose x3 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]
authority (| issuing passport) jaspu (jap): x3 of: x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by | x3 allowing x4 (activity)
authority (| levying tax) cteki (tek ce'i): x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by |/collector x4 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute]
authority (| to which x1 is accountable) fuzme (fuz fu'e): x3 of: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/| x3
authority basis x3 of catni
authorize company x2 of kagni
authorized by passport x4 of jaspu
authors (invents/creates) finti (fin fi'i): x1 invents/creates/composes/| x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 [x1 is creative/inventive]
authors see also various individual works which may be authored
automated (of machine/apparatus) minji (mi'i): x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [| apparatus, without direct function control] [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]
automatic (not manual) zmiku (zmi): x1 is | in function x2 under conditions x3
automatic (of machine/apparatus) minji (mi'i): x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [| apparatus, without direct function control] [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]
automatic function x2 of zmiku
automatically (of a machine) minji (mi'i): x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function |; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]
automaticity condition x3 of zmiku
automobile karce: x1 is a car/|/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
autumn location x3 of critu
autumn critu: x1 is |/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3
autumn 2. year of | x2 of critu
available x3 of cuxna
available 2. gubni (gub): x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly | to/owned by all among community x2 (mass)
avenge venfu (vef): x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) [also |; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]
avenged x3 of venfu
avenue klaji (laj): x1 is a street/|/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]
average cnano (na'o): x1 [value] is a norm/| in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]
averaged x2 of cnano
avian cipni (cpi): x1 is a bird/|/fowl of species x2
avoid rivbi (riv): x1 |-s/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]
avoidance x3 of rivbi
avoided x2 of rivbi
avoided 2. activity | x2 of lazni
avoiding work/effort (lazy) lazni: x1 (person) is lazy/| concerning action x2
avoids rivbi (riv): x1 |/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]
avuncular bond x3 of famti
avuncular famti: x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation
awaited thing/event | x2 of denpa
awaits denpa (dep de'a): x1 |/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]
awake cikna (cik): (adjective, of one who is |:) x1 is |/alert/conscious
aware sanji (saj): x1 is conscious/| of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]
away (avoids) rivbi (riv): x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours around, stays | from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]
away (depth distance) condi (con cno coi): x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 | from reference point x3 by standard x4
away (depth distance) 2. caxno (cax): x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 | from reference point x3 by standard x4
away (goes) cliva (liv li'a): x1 leaves/goes |/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]
away (moves |) muvdu (muv mu'u): x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [|] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]
away (removes) vimcu (vic vi'u): x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes | x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]
away (vanishes) canci: x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 [also leaves, goes | (one sense)]
away material cleaned | x2 of jinsa
awe manci (mac): x1 feels wonder/|/marvels about x2
awesome x2 of manci
awesome 2. banli (bal ba'i): x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, |, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]
awkward juxre (jux): x1 (action) is clumsy/| by standard x2
axis rolling | x3 of gunro
axis 2. turn | x2 of carna
axis 3. gunro (gur gu'o): x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on |/axle x3; x1 is a roller
axis 4. carna (car): x1 turns/rotates/revolves around | x2 in direction x3 [also revolve (= jincarna)]
axle material x3 of jendu
axle x3 of gunro
axle 2. pulley | x3 of pulni
axle 3. spin on | x2 of jendu
axle 4. pulni: x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on | x3
axle 5. jendu (jed): x1 is an |/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3
axle 6. gunro (gur gu'o): x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/| x3; x1 is a roller

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