THE LUCKENBOOTHS

JK GILLON

The Luckenbooths

The Tolbooth

THE LUCKENBOOTHS

The earliest method of selling merchandise in Medieval Edinburgh was from stalls in one of the city's market places. Artisans and craftsmen soon started to require a more permanent base for their specialised workshops, and in 1440 a number of timber fronted two-storey buildings, called the 'buith-raw', were erected on the High Street to the north of St Giles. Over the years, the buith-raw was extended and heightened until it consisted of seven tenement buildings stretching the full length of St Giles. They were renamed the 'Luckenbooths', from the fact that the buildings contained lockable booths.

The Luckenbooths were linked at their west end to the Bell-house, the meeting place of the Edinburgh guilds, and the Toolbooth, Sir Walter Scott's Heart of Midlothian. The site of the Tolbooth is still marked by brass blocks in the street. The Luckenbooths were the focus of trade and business for centuries. The shops dealt in a wide range of goods and services. These included Peter Williamson's Penny Post Office and Alan Ramsay's circulating library, from which he 'diffused plays and other works of fiction among the people of Edinburgh'. Ramsay's shop at the east most end of the Luckenbooths was later used by William Creech as a bookshop which became the 'natural resort of lawyers, authors, and all sorts of literary idlers who were always bussing about this convenient hive'. Creech was responsible for the publication of early work by Burns.

In the narrow passage left between the Luckenbooths and St Giles were shops or stalls called Krames or Creams. The Krames were 'singular places of business, often not presenting more space than a good church-pew' and the stalls specialised in hardware, leather goods and toys. Various Orders of the Town Council attempted to stop residents of the flats above the Luckenbooths throwing household refuse out of their back windows on to the Krames, but they were unpersuasive, and the close through the Luckenbooths to the Krames was known as the Stinking Style.

The Luckenbooths were finally demolished in 1817, by which time the High Street, now only 15 feet wide, had become hopelessly congested. However, the name of the Luckenbooths lives on in the shape of the heart-shaped brooches known as luckenbooths which are replicas of those in vogue in Scotland during the early 1700's. They were traditionally exchanged between lovers on betrothal.

Luckenbooth Brooch

Heart of Midlothian

HEART OF MIDLOTHIAN BY SIR WALTER SCOTT
(Extract describing the Luckenbooths)

He stood now before the Gothic entrance of the ancient prison, which, as is well known to all men, rears its ancient front in the very middle of the High Street, forming, as it were, the termination to a huge pile of buildings called the Luckenbooths, which, for some inconceivable reason, our ancestors had jammed into the midst of the principal street of the town, leaving for passage a narrow street on the north; and on the south, into which the prison opens, a narrow crooked lane, winding betwixt the high and sombre walls of the Tolbooth and the adjacent houses on the one side, and the butresses and projections of the old Cathedral upon the other. To give some gaiety to this sombre passage (well known by the name of the Krames), a number of little booths, or shops, after the fashion of cobblers' stalls, are plastered, as it were, against the Gothic projections and abutments, so that it seemed as if the traders had occupied with nests, bearing the same proportion to the building, every buttress and coign of vantage, as the martlett did in Macbeth's Castle. Of later years these booths have degenerated into mere toy-shops, where the little loiterers chiefly interested in such wares are tempted to linger, enchanted by the rich display of hobby-horses, babies, and Dutch toys, arranged in artful and gay confusion; yet half-scared by the cross looks of the withered pantaloon, or spectacled old lady, by whom these tempting stores are watched and superintended. But, in the times we write of, the hosiers, the glovers, the hatters, the mercers, the milliners, and all who dealt in the miscellaneous wares now termed haberdasher's goods, were to be found in this narrow alley.

AS I WENT BY THE LUCKENBOOTHS
(Scottish traditional song)

As I went by the Luckenbooths
I saw a lady fair.
She had long pendles in her ears,
And jewels in her hair.
And when she cam' to our door
She speired at wha was ben,
"Oh, hae ye seen my lost love
Wi' his braw Hieland men?"

The smile about her bonnie cheek
Was sweeter than the bee;
Her voice was like the birdie's sang
Upon the birken tree.
But when the meenister cam' out
Her mare began to prance,
Then rade into the sunset
Beyond the coast of France.

The Luckenbooths

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