UNDERSTANDING THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS
BY RYAN HICKS
© 1996-2001 Ryan Hicks


There are some people who have held to their personal theories in favor of keeping the Old Testament Law and thus reject the New covenant and the salvation offered by it. This is all too common among Jewish people who profess to be saved, and yet refuse to give up their false religion for the New Testament's teaching. Some will try to blend their belief in the Lord Jesus Christ with Old Testament law keeping, and thus they cancel out the New Testament altogether, and wind up denying the Lord's work on the cross and mocking His shed blood.

If you have a contract or testament that expired a year ago and yet you still try to live by it and reject the new, revised contract, you are being foolish and only hurting yourself. So it is with these people who choose the Old Testament over the New Testament, especially when they do not even have to. (I will bear this point out further in this study.)

They may argue that Jesus taught that He did not come to destroy the law, and this is true:

Matthew 5:17-18
17   Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil.
18   For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

His coming was to fulfill the law and prophets, not to destroy them. Once all was fulfilled by the Lord Jesus Christ, then His new covenant was enacted and the old was done away with and abolished as we shall see from the Scriptures below.

PROOF THAT THE OLD TESTAMENT LAW WAS ABOLISHED!

Romans 10:4
4   For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.

Matthew 11:12-13
12   And from the days of John the Baptist until know the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force.
13   For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.

Luke 16:16
16   The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the kingdom of heaven is preached, and every man presseth into it.

2 Corinthians 3:5-17
5   Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God;
6   Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
7   But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:
8   How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?
9   For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.
10   For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.
11   For if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious.
12   Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech:
13   And not as Moses, which put a veil over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished:
14   But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same veil untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which veil is done away in Christ.
15   But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the veil is upon their heart.
16   Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the veil shall be taken away.
17   Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.

Galatians 3:19-25
19   Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.
20   Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one.
21   Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.
22   But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.
23   But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
24   Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
25   But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.

Galatians 4:21-31
21   Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law?
22   For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman.
23   But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise.
24   Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.
25   For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
26   But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
27   For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.
28   Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise.
29   But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now.
30   Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.
31   So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free.

Galatians 5:4
4   Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace.

Galatians 5:18
18   But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law.

Ephesians 2:13-16
13   But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.
14   For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us;
15   Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace;
16   And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:

Colossians 2:13-15
13   And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses;
14   Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross;
15   And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it.

Hebrews 7:28
28   For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.

Hebrews 8:6-13
6   But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.
7   For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second.
8   For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
9   Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.
10   For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me my people:
11   And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.
12   For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.
13   In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.

The above Scriptures are so clear that no one need err therein. You must willfully reject these plain Scriptures and the many more like them to hold on to the Old Testament Law.

UNDERSTANDING THE TESTAMENTS

The Greek word diaqhkh (diatheke), means testament, covenant, contract. In the 33 times it occurs in the New Testament it is translated "covenant" 17 times (Luke 1:72; Acts 3:25; 7:8; Romans 11:27; Galatians 3:15, 17; Hebrews 8:6, 8, 9 [twice], 10; 9:4 [twice]; 10:16, 29; 12:24; 13:20); "covenants" 3 times (Romans 9:4; Galatians 4:24; Ephesians 2:12); and "testament" 13 times (Matthew 26:28; Mark 14:24; Luke 22:20; 1 Corinthians 11:25; 2 Corinthians 3:6, 14; Hebrews 7:22; 9:15 [twice], 16, 17, 20; Revelation 11:19).

As it has been for thousands of years, a contract can be revised or made new and the old one done away with. This is what God has chosen to do with the Old Testament (See all the verses above). He brought in a New Testament or contract and has abolished the old. Yet, this does not mean that parts of the Old Testament are not binding on the New Testament believer.

God has chosen to incorporate parts of the Old Testament into the New Testament, thus there are provisions calling for portions of the Old Contract to be valid under the New. This does not mean that we keep the Old Contract, because we do not. Rather it means that we keep the New Contract, which has incorporated portions of the Old, abolished Contract.

This is seen to be the way God has chosen to make the New Testament. He has incorporated Old Testament laws that have been done away with under the Old Testament into the New Testament. Examples of this are:

OLD TESTAMENT LAW

WHERE IT WAS INCORPORATED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Thou shalt not commit adultery (Exodus 20:14) Matthew 5:27-32; 19:18; Luke 18:20; Romans 13:9
Thou shalt not kill (Exodus 20:13) Matthew 5:21-22; 19:18; Luke 18:20; Romans 13:9
Thou shalt not steal (Exodus 20:15) Matthew 19:18; Luke 18:20; Romans 13:9
Thou shalt not bear false witness (Exodus 20:16) Matthew 19:18; Luke 18:20; Romans 13:9
Thou shalt not covet (Exodus 20:17) Romans 13:9
Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself (Leviticus 19:18) Matthew 19:19; Romans 13:9
Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people (Exodus 22:28) Acts 23:5
Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox when he treadeth out the corn (Deuteronomy 25:4) 1 Corinthians 9:9; 1 Timothy 5:18
Ye shall be holy, for I am holy (Leviticus 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7) 1 Peter 1:16
Giving tithes and having judgment, mercy, and faith (Leviticus 27:30-32; Deuteronomy 14:22; Psalms 149; Proverbs 21:3; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:8; Habakkuk 2:4) Matthew 23:23; Luke 11:42; Hebrews 7
Thou shalt not forswear thyself (Exodus 20:7; Leviticus 19:12; Numbers 30:2; Deuteronomy 5:11) Matthew 5:33-37
In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established (Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6) Matthew 18:16; 2 Corinthians 13:1; John 8:17
Honour thy father and thy mother (Exodus 20:12; Leviticus 19:3; Deuteronomy 5:16) Matthew 15:4; 19:19; Mark 7:10; Luke 18:20; Ephesians 6:2

There could be many more examples given, but these are enough to suffice. It is clear that God has chosen to incorporate some Old Testament Laws into the New Testament, and has even revised some of them to include the original law and an additional provision as in Matthew 5:21-48; etc. Some Old Testament Laws God has specifically mentioned their not being incorporated into the New Testament (Cp. Exodus 20:8-11; 31:12-17; Leviticus 19:3; Deuteronomy 5:12-15 with Romans 14:5-6; Colossians 2:13-17; etc.), while others He did not incorporate into the New Testament Law by mere rite of there being no mention or command to obey them in the New Testament.

With the clear teaching of the Scriptures on the matter how can we miss the point that the Old Testament Law was totally done away with and abolished, and that the New Testament incorporates many of the Old Testament Laws into its Law. If people would just take the time to study and use a little of their God-given common sense they would never have to try to cling to the Old Testament Laws, because they would realize that most of the ones they desperately cling to are incorporated into the New Testament anyway. That way you do not have to deny the New Testament by living by the Old Testament Law, rather you recognize the New Testament Law only, including the Old Testament Laws it contains.

We need to look at the Bible as both a letter from God to man and a contract or Testament between those who choose to come under the New Testament. If we fail to read it and study it in depth we will miss laws that we are to obey and promises that we are given if we obey those laws. Let us never go a day of our lives without thinking on the word of the Lord. In doing so we will be enriched and the blessing of the Lord will reign in our lives.


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