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Weather and info for KA destinations.
CHINA
TAIWAN
JAPAN
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 SHA
Shanghai, city in eastern China, a major port located on the Huangpu (Whangpoo) River, near its confluence with the Yangzi River at its mouth on the East China Sea. One of the world's largest cities, Shanghai is China's largest city and its main commercial, industrial, and financial centre. Administratively, it is a province-level municipality answering directly to the central government; its total area of 6,185 sq km (2,388 sq mi) encompasses the city proper, industrial districts, suburbs, and agricultural districts. Population 13,580,000 (1995 estimate).
Shanghai is one of China’s major cultural and educational centres. The city has an orchestra, ballet troupe, several opera companies and film studios, and a circus. Among the institutions of higher education are Fudan University (1905) and Tongji University. Major museums include the Art and History Museum, with extensive collections of Chinese art; the Museum of Natural Sciences; and the Temple of the Jade Buddha. Other sites of interest include Yu Yuan, the garden of a 16th-century mandarin and the Garden of the Purple Clouds of Autumn, a park laid out during the Ming dynasty. Shanghai's most famous landmark is Zhong Shan Road: also known as the Bund or the Waitan, it is a boulevard along the Huangpu River lined with parks and European-style buildings constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Founded in the 11th century, Shanghai remained a small fishing village for centuries. From the 18th century the town prospered as the centre of a cotton-growing area, but it did not become important until after 1842 when the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) opened it to foreign trade. The peace treaty, a result of the Opium War with Great Britain, provided for the incorporation of a greater part of the city into the British Concession. Subsequently, other nations, including France and the United States, obtained extraterritorial rights and privileges; the foreign zones maintained their own administration. Major European banks and trading companies set up in the concessions, and commerce flourished after the British obtained navigation rights on the Yangzi in 1857. By 1860 Shanghai was China's busiest port, accounting for a quarter of the country's total maritime trade. From the 1890s foreign capital promoted local industry, drawn by the supply of cheap labour, which flocked to Shanghai.
A growing Chinese resistance to foreign domination was manifested in the First National Congress of the Chinese Communist party, which was held in the city in 1921. In 1927, with the help of the Communists, the Nationalist army, led by Chiang Kai-shek, captured Shanghai and placed the Chinese section under the Kuomintang government, soon suppressing the Shanghai Communists. The city was occupied by the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. At the end of World War II Shanghai was returned to China, as the United States, Great Britain, and France had renounced their claims. In 1949 the city was captured by Communist forces. During the early 1950s, in an attempt to decentralize industry, many of Shanghai's factories were moved to the interior. This policy was reversed by the late 1950s, and Shanghai once again began to thrive as an industrial centre. It also provided several national leaders, such as Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing and Jiang Zemin, who began his career in local administration and became Communist party secretary in Shanghai before becoming national secretary in 1989, and subsequently state president.
 HGH
Hangzhou (also Hang-chou or Hangchow), city in south-east China, capital of Zhejiang (Chekiang) Province, near Shanghai. It is a port at the mouth of the Qiantang River in Hangzhou Bay and at the southern end of the Grand Canal. Manufactured goods include silk and cotton textiles, chemicals, steel, machine tools, and processed food. Xi Hu (West Lake), a well-known beauty spot with many ancient shrines and monasteries, is here.
The city was walled and given its present name in ad 606. Serving as the capital of the Five Dynasties (907-960), it prospered as a port for the silk trade. During the Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) it was renowned as a cultural centre, as well as becoming the capital. The Italian traveller Marco Polo, who came here in the late 13th century, described Hangzhou as the most beautiful city in the world. In the 14th century the city's importance declined after the port became clogged with silt. Taiping rebels destroyed much of the old city in 1861, and Japanese forces occupied Hangzhou from 1937 to 1945. Rebuilding of the industrial plants was carried out in the 1950s. Population (1990) 1,099,660.
 FOC
Fuzhou (also Fu-chou, Fuchow, or Foochow), city in south-east China, capital of Fujian Province, an industrial centre and seaport on the Min River. Manufactured products include chemicals, silk and cotton textiles, iron and steel, and processed food. Among its exports are notable lacquer work and handmade fans and umbrellas. The city's trade is mainly with Chinese coastal ports; exports of timber, food products, and paper move through the harbour at Guantou (Kuan-t'ou), which lies about 50 km (30 mi) downstream of Fuzhou. Fuzhou consists of an old walled city, approximately 3.2 km (2 mi) from the Min River, and a modern riverside quarter which is connected by bridge to Nantai Island. A university is in the city, and several important pagodas and temples are nearby. The strategically located island of Matsu, held by Taiwan, is near Fuzhou in the Taiwan Strait.
Fuzhou, founded in the 2nd century bc, was absorbed into China during the 6th century ad. It was opened to foreign trade in 1842 as a concession to the British after China was defeated in the first Opium War. From then until the late 19th century, Fuzhou was a major port for the export of tea. The remainder of the city's trade declined after contacts with nearby Taiwan, a traditional commercial partner, were severed in 1949. Thereafter, Fuzhou was linked (1958) by rail to northern China and grew as an industrial centre. Population 1,590,000 (1995 estimate).
 HAK/SYX
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