Mary Ann RIDDLE married John FOSTER 8 Jan 1822 Rosemary St. Church, Belfast

Margaret Riddel, daughter of Henry Riddel of Comber, Co. Down married Robert Neill of Belfast circa 1829.

The Glasgow Directory of 1787 shows

Riddel John, Efq. prefent Lord Provoft, 1ft houfe weft fide Queen's-ftreet
Riddel Henry, merchant, weft fide Queen-ftreet, No. 3
Riddel John, furgeon, lodges with his mother, prin--ftr.
Riddel Andrew, teller to the Glafgow Arms Bank, lodges with his mother, Princes-ftreet
Riddel William, paftry-cook, fouth fide Prince's-ftreet

Riddels, the well-known Belfast firm, celebrate tomorrow the completion of 125 years of business activity in the city. A century and a quarter of continuous trading must be in the nature of a record in the commercial world, and it is with pardonable pride that the firm regard the achievement, particularly as the concern has always maintained the tradition set up by the founder. Today, Riddels is probably the finest establishment of its kind in Ireland.

It was in June, 1803. that in a newspaper advertisement "John Riddle" took "the liberty of informing his friends that he had commenced business on his own account and hoped by his care and attention to merit a share of public favour." At number 38 Chichester Quay he laid the foundations of the hardware business that Belfast knows today. Seven months after this advertisement there came another which announced that Thomas Lyle & Son "have on this day taken into partnership, John Riddle" and that the style of the firm would be Lyle and Riddle.

In 1815 Thomas Lyle retired from the business, and partnership was dissolved, leaving John Riddel in complete control. In 1826 he bought the adjoining premises in the High Street and took into partnership Mr John Musgrave. In 1860 came another important change. The business moved from premises in High Street and came to Donegall Place. Here it steadily increased in importance and prosperity under the guidance of successive generations of the Riddel family.

Since Riddels became a limited company in 1902 it has had three chairmen – Mr Sam Riddel (I902-1903), his cousin, Mr Henry Musgrave (I903-1921), and Major CG Duffin, 1921 to the present time. Mr Henry Musgrave was a cousin of the Riddel brothers and a brother of Sir James Musgrave who founded the well-known Belfast firm of Musgrave and Company, iron founders and manufacturers of stable fittings. After two years of clanging hammers and swinging cranes the new Riddel building was opened to the public last Christmastide. It is not too much to say that this building is an example of the finest modern business architecture to be found in Ireland today. Standing five storeys high and covering about 60,000 square feet of floor space, it is one of the largest and most up to date establishments of the kind in the United Kingdom.

The late Sir John Arnott fitly represented the commercial enterprise of the South, while such men as Mr. Thomas Sinclair (who married Mary Duffin, dau of Chas.& Theodosia,) universally regarded as one of the wisest of Irish public men, Sir William Ewart, head of the leading linen concern in the North, Sir Daniel Dixon, now Lord Mayor of Belfast, Sir James Musgrave, Chairman of the Belfast ....

William, the fourth son of Nicholas, emigrated from Ireland to America in 1815, where he became a noted historical author. He described the role of his father in the first chapter of his small book, "Incidents Recalled¹" (1848, p. 9-10):

My father, the late Nicholas Grimshaw, being the first that introduced the spinning of cotton twist into Ireland, besides being a person of liberal education, and great public spirit, seems to have been a leading character, in his neighbourhood, from nearly his earliest settlement in the country. He was a native of Blackburn, in Lancashire, the birth-place of the late Sir Robert Peel; who, I have understood, was a near relation of my father’s; and I know we have, in our family, the same Christian names as the Peels, viz. Thomas, Edmund, William, and Robert. My father and Mr. Peel were nearly of the same age, and commenced business about the same time; but they were of very different dispositions; the former being fond of improving his property, by the planting of trees, and other ornaments, and also passing his summers at the fashionable watering-places in England; incurring an expense, not altogether warranted in a manufacturer, having fourteen children to support. He was also unremittingly attentive to the interests of the public; to which, Mr. Peel, being a man of much less education than my father was, in the early part of his career, but very slightly devoted.

The late Nicholas Grimshaw, who filled the office of mayor of the city of Preston, for more than forty consecutive years; and also the late Henry Fielding, of Garstang; were first cousins of my father’s. Our name is pure Anglo-Saxon, signifying "a dark wood;" and there is a dilapidated village, in Lancashire, in ancient times the residence of our family, from which it is derived.

My father came to Ireland, as I can collect from the births registered in the family Bible, about the year 1776, shortly after the improved system of spinning cotton-twist, the invention of which seems, with justice, partly to be attributed to Richard (afterwards Sir Richard) Arkwright, had been brought to some degree of efficiency, if not of perfection. His motive for settling in Ireland seems to have been two-fold, - first to evade the operation of Arkwright’s patent, (which did not, at any time, extend to Ireland,) and secondly, to reap advantage from the comparatively low rate of wages in that country. But in both these objects, he had evidently miscalculated. The advantage derived from the non-payment for t4e patent-right, was more than counterbalanced by the isolated position in which he placed himself, with regard to the obtaining of machinery, and the speedy adoption of new improvements; and the difference of wages was equally countervailed, by the waste and expense attending the instruction and training of raw hands. The consequence was, that, although the profits were considerable, owing to the infancy of the business, and the small competition, yet, in the course of time, he found himself constrained to apply to the Irish Parliament, for protection, in the nature of what is now called a tariff, amounting to ten per cent, upon cotton-twist; and, subsequently, when he commenced the printing of calicoes, in which he became highly distinguished for his taste and the permanency of his colours, he induced the parliament to impose a protective duty, also, on the latter article, amounting to more than one shilling per square yard; duties, which, it will appear, in the sequel, contributed rather to retard, than to accelerate the extension and perfection of the cotton manufacture, in Ireland.

My father’s first place of settlement was in the parish of Belfast, county of Antrim, about three miles north of that town, and five from the ancient, but poverty-stricken city, of Carrickfergus, on the site of an old linen bleach-green, or flax-mill, called Greencastle; where the writer of this memoir was born. In a small building, still in existence, near the high-road, and the sea-shore, at a landing-place, known as the Lime-stones, was erected the first machinery for spinning cotton-twist in Ireland. The machine being circular, and kept in motion both day and night, realized, in the first year, the enormous sum of eighteen hundred pounds, or eight thousand dollars. The water, however, at Greencastle, being found insufficient for an extensive business, my father purchased another site, adjoining, and further to the north, situated in the parish of Carnmoney; upon which, is since erected the beautiful and extensive village of Whitehouse, still the property of my family, with more than three hundred dwelling-houses, and having appurtenant one hundred and seventy English acres of good land, surrounded by a plantation of trees, with other rural improvements; in which, my brothers take great delight.

At Whitehouse, in conjunction with Mr. Nathaniel Wilson, a gentleman of some enterprise and capital, a new cotton-mill was erected, in 1785, capable of holding four thousand spindles and preparation; and, about ten years afterwards, by the enlargement of an old building, originally used for bleaching lawns, by a lady, named Tomb, another mill was organized, containing about an equal number of spindles; which was the greatest extent ever ventured on by any of the family; and these two mills, about twelve years ago, were converted to the purpose of spinning flax; the spinning of cotton in Ireland, having become almost wholly unprofitable, owing to the gigantic competition in Great Britain.

........conveyed the remainder of his portion of the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Philadelphia in payment or security for debt. These lands of the bank lay for years without attention. In 1832 the bank, fearing the consequence of delay, sent out its agent and attorney, William Grimshaw, the well-known complier of several school-books and minor histories. He was a man of imposing appearance, tall, severe and high tempered--a man well calculated to impress the settlers with fear of the law's tangled net-not personal fear, for few knew the feeling. He was active and efficient, compromising with some and suing others. A large crop of ejectments followed, some of which found their way to the Supreme Court with various fortunes

Thomas Wrigley (b. 1839), a prominent physician in Belfast who served as Registrar-General of Ireland and conducted pioneering public health studies on cholera and other water-borne diseases.

Roly (b. 1879), son of Thomas Wrigley, who commanded a squadron of the Indian Army Corps during World War I and kept a detailed diary which was subsequently published.

Beatrice Ethel (b. 1870), author of many fictional works based on her life and experiences in the South Pacific.

I am copying you 3 days of a travel diary written by my Great Grandfather, John Cunningham Stewart on his return to the Belfast area, where he was born. He was travelling with his new bride Geraldine, and meeting his relatives and old family friends. I am researching the various people he meets and describes, and someday may publish the diary. If you know the people and have other comments to make, please feel free to make your suggestions and additions. - Mike.

Thursday, 1st June 1865. Looks like rain in the morning, but turned out a fine, pleasant day. I finished my letter to Arthur, and Ellen wrote a note also. I had sent him a couple of Whigs. I went to town in the 11.30 omnibus, and posted letters and papers. I also took Arthur's photographs for Annie to Magill's to be framed. I went to see Thomas Johnson, whose office is in Victoria Street near the Post Office. He is not much changed. He knows nothing of Uncle Robert Arthur, except that he has no practice and no office. His name is on the entrance door at the Victoria Chambers, but his office there has been long closed.

I bought a set of enamel studs, and a necktie today, as we dine at Mr. Conway Grimshaw's. I went again to the Graveyard, and saw the Sexton, who went with me to the grave. He can not, nor can I, he says, possibly find out by the books, in which graves in the lot, the different bodies are. I can find, on application to the Steward at the Poor House, who are in the lot, but not who lie in the separate graves. He cannot get the grass to grow anywhere in the graveyard this spring. He cannot account for it. I see this for myself - the new growth being very scanty everywhere. I have not time to go to the Poor House today, having to go to Whiteabbey by train to see Mr. Cunningham.

I had been at Mr. Cunningham's office in the Linen Hall this forenoon but he was not there, & the office was closed. I also went to Mr. Ward's (the Stationer's) but could not find an old Peerage to get the information about Grand Papa Stewart that I was in search of.

At 2 I walked down from the Graveyard to the York Street Station, and went down first class to Whiteabbey. Nicholas Grimshaw and his wife were in the train, on their way to Port Rush, & I got into their carriage. Passed Greencastle & Whitehouse, Longwood, etc. at Whiteabbey at 2.13 pm. Walked

back to Macedon about 3/4 mile. Mr. Cunningham is in Scotland, so I left a card and returned to Station where I waited 1/2 hour. Back to Belfast at 3.30. Walked back to Fernville - and dressed for dinner, and with O'D.Ellen & Geraldine to Mr. Conway's for 6 o'clock dinner. Toby Bushell & Mrs. Bushell & Dr. Thomson were there, Annie did not feel able to go, so her place was empty beside me at dinner. After dinner the gentlemen retired to the little breakfast parlour for their punch. Then tea in the drawing room. Home at 11. I remember Mrs. Bushell perfectly. She has a regular Belfast face and voice. She is a jolly good natured woman, I think.

Tuesday, 6th June 1865 [NB: Pasted at the top of the page is a newspaper clipping: "On Tuesday,

the 6th inst, Mary Frances, daughter of William Wilson, Jr, M.D. aged 22 1/2 months".]

Very fine day. In the morning I wrote to R. McClelland, asking Robt. Stewart's address, also to Sir Bernard, Ulster King at Arms, in Dublin, asking about the restoration of our names to the Peerage. Annie & Geraldine wrote to Jane. I had a letter from Aunt Catharine from Newry. She is going to Londonderry, & will come by Belfast and see G. & me, on Saturday next. At twelve Annie, Ellen, Geraldine & I drove to town. I got my new boots from Coey's - we then drove down to the Grove, & paid a visit to the Sinclair's. I saw Jeannie for the first time. She is a nice mannered little thing, not pretty, but nice looking. Major Wethered was there for lunch. We then drove down to Longwood, & saw Mrs. Cameron, & Annie

Dunnville and Araby Cameron - a tall girl of 14, whom I remember as a little child of 2 years of age. They were all very stiff & dignified. They were going to have a croquet party, & were evidently horrified at the idea of having to ask an extra party of four to lunch. Some of the people came in when we were there. A Mrs. Mitchell, & the Duffin girls - great tall things, whom I remember as little children. Annie D. has fallen off very much in her looks, & manner too. Jane is still faithful to her, but Annie says she is not the same honest jolly girl she used to be. The last time I remember being in their drawing room was an evening when we had charades, & I kissed Annie D. under the very pillar she sat beside today. The horse was put up in the Longwood Stable, and we walked to Whitehouse. Miss Nancy & old Mr. James are alone now. The House is being prepared for Mrs. James & the children. Miss Nancy is just the same - she seemed really glad to see me. She had only heard of our arrival that very morning. Poor old Mr. James is very shaky. He is now 95, and cannot, I think, last much longer. He seems perfectly clear in all his faculties, - but old age alone will, I fear, soon prove too much for him. He still attends to the office in the Mill. Miss Nancy took us around the garden. It is in beautiful order, & it too is being prepared for the children's return. I remember every walk in it. It is painful for me to be here, and to miss the children's voices. The place is the same, but the whole feeling & atmosphere of the place is altered. It is almost like being in a graveyard. Mr. James, Alicia, and Johnny are dead, since I saw them all. Miss Nancy gave us some lunch, a bag full of gooseberries, a huge bouquet of flowers - and strongly pressed Geraldine and me to go and stay with her for some days before we go back to England. She is indeed a good kind soul & seems very glad to see me -

Why, I'm sure I don't know. It is very strange to walk through the old rooms that I know so well, & yet to find all so altered. It almost makes me resolved to not go to see old places any more. I don't think, that when I return to Canada, I shall have the same longing to see the old places, any more. The people are changed, or gone altogether. Home at six. Geraldine has a letter from Jane. O'D. goes back to town this

evening. Anthony Trollope is here from London and the local Inspector as well, so O'D. has been busy for some days. He goes to town about 10 - leaves the office again at 5. He has not really hard work when there.

His salary, he & Annie tell me, is about £330. Then he has about £100 for the sale of Postage Stamps, & about £140 from the insurance business, and about f100 from rents - making about £650 to £670 a year, so that they are very comfortably off.

In evening, we walked and sat in garden. Mr. Conway & Mary came over - we walked home with them at 8. Annie had cockles for tea on my account. They were cooked, & I ate almost two quarts of them. O'D. came home a little after nine. We were all tired, & went to bed early.

Wednesday, 7 June 1865 Lovely bright warm day. Not a cloud in the sky. I did not go out all morning, but made up my diary which was far in arrear. Mrs. Murphy was here again today & Mrs. Chas. Duffin called on Geraldine. I wrote to Aunt Mary at Ballymena, - and to Jane. The Post Boy takes the letters to town.

Not out all day - even in the garden, until dinner time. Ellen went in the Bus a 1.30 p.m. and returned at 3.30 p.m. O'Donnell is having a workshop built at the end of the house - wood with a brick foundation, and the workmen are here all day long. Dinner at 6 - then dressed, and all, except Ellen, went to Mrs. Bushell's

for tea. They have a very nice house. Mr. & Mrs. Charles Duffin (she was a sister of Weston Grimshaws) & 4 girls, Mary Staveley, & 2 Miss Davidsons & ourselves were there. Very warm evening. Windows all open. Talked, music, & Toby Bushell sang a couple of comic songs. A set of Quadrilles. The 2 eldest Duffin girls I must have seen at Longwood. The second says she remembers me, but I don't recollect either of them. Home at eleven.

Notes:Greencastle: Nicholas Grimshaw, progenitor of the many Grimshaws noted in this diary, would have lived at Greencastle, where he had a bleechgreen and where some of his children were born 1777 through 1782. He had a bleach green there. The younger children were born at Whitehouse. His son

Robert owned property there when it was referred to as Green Castle in the Parish of Shankhill (Griffith's Valuation index 1848-64). Hilary Tulloch writes in July 2000 "It looks as though it has been more or less wiped out by the M2/M5 motorway junction on the way into Belfast from the north. It is on the coast, just south of Whitehouse. There is a Greencastle Close and a Greencastle Place, small roads off Shore Road. Cave Hill is to the west and McArts Fort is situated just to the south east of the summit of Cave Hill (1,182 feet). Belfast Castle was built on the slopes of Cave Hill in 1870. The grounds of the castle are open to the public. 'There are five caves on the hill and an earthwork called McArts Fort where Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen took their oaths of fidelity prior to the failed 1798 Rebellion.'" (Belfast, Street Atlas Guide, 4th ed. (Aug 1999), Belfast: Causeway Press (N.I.).

Graveyard - The New Belfast Graveyard - Clifton St, Belfast.

Macedon, seat of John Cunningham.

Fernville, the home of O'Donnell (O'D.) Grimshaw & his wife Annie, who was the sister of the diarist, John Cunningham Stewart.

O'Donnell was the son of Mr Conway, or Mr Conway Grimshaw, son of Nicholas

Grimshaw and Mary Wrigley.

Bushell, Ann Jane, nee Cunningham, wife of Theobald Bushell and the daughter of Ellen Cunningham and Adam Duffin. Her brother, Charles, married Theodosia Grimshaw; another brother married Maria Murphy,

sister of Joseph Wiliam Murphy who married Lizzie Grimshaw. Theobald and Ann Jane Bushell did not have any children. (Cunningham pedigree, PRO Belfast T1116/11)

Bushell, Theobald, husband of Ann Jane, was a wine and spirit merchant, a commission agent and share broker, 35 North St., Belfast, and lived at Strandtown Cottage, in the parish of Holywood, Co Down. (Slater 1845; Index to Griffith's Valuation of Ireland, 1848-1864).

Thomson, Dr. Charles Wyville (1830-1882). Born at Bonsyde near Linlithgow, and baptized Wyville Thomas Charles, the son of Andrew Thomson, surgeon in the East India Company's service, Wyville Thomson was educated in Scotland, though he did not complete his studies at the University of Edinburgh (1845-50), he lectured first in Botany (Aberdeen, 1851), then at Marischal College at Aberdeen in 1851

where in 1853 he was granted an honourary LL.D. Dr Thomson then was appointed a professor at Queen's College at Belfast where he remained till 1869/70 (Natural History 1853-54; Natural History and Geology 1860-70). Following his appointment at Queen's, he was a professor at Dublin, 1869 and Edinburgh University, 1870-82. In 1868, Thomson organized expeditions to the north of Scotland, 1868; and round the world 1872-76, the basis of two books published. F.R.S. 1869; knighted 1876, when he formally took on the name Charles Wyville Thomson. Thomson married in 1853, Jane Ramage Dawson - their only son, Frank Wyville became surgeon-captain in the 3rd Bengal Calvary. (DND, vol XIX p. 716-7, 1937-8; History of Queen's University)

The Duffin family included Charles (1814 - 1886) son of Adam Duffin and Ellen Cunningham, and Sarah Theodosia Grimshaw, the daughter of Edmund Grimshaw and Elizabeth Taylor. Theodosia, Mrs. Charles

Duffin, then aged 54, had 8 children, 5 of whom were female - and it was unlikey that any were married by 1865, only Charlotte and Molly were to eventually marry. While it is not possible to state for certain which 4 of her 5 daughters came for tea at the Bushell home this afternoon, likely it was the four eldest, young Molly at 12 would not have 'come out' into society and was likely to have been at home. Theodosia was then 22, Bessie 19, Ellen 17, and Charlotte 16. Not mentioned were three sons, Edmund (1840-1870), Adam (1841-1924) and Charles (1850-1915).

The Cameron family. Robert Grimshaw and his wife Arabella Duffin had seven children but only Susan and Mary lived to adulthood. Susan (born circ 1812) became Mrs. Cameron in 1849 having then married Donald Meint Cameron and Mary (Margaret Mary) Mrs. Dunville, having married Robert John Dunville. Annie Dunville and Araby Cameron, daughters of these two sisters and granddaughters of Robert Grimshaw and thus were cousins. (See also Grimshaw, Robert)

Mr James. Refers to Mr James Grimshaw, of Whitehouse. (9 July 1772- 23 March 1866) , son of Nicholas Grimshaw and Mary Wrigley.

Mary Stavelley: ran a school in Belfast, in 1865.

The Progenitror was John Barbour who was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, about 1770 William Barbour, one of six children, was a son of John Barbour, of Paisley, Scotland, and Bridget Connal. He was born in at the "Plantation" of Kilbarchan, near Paisley, in 1797. He died in 1875, and is buried, with his wife, a daughter-in-law, and four of his children, in the Lambeg Cemetery, in Lisburn. In 1821, he moved out of his father's house and he married Eliza Kennedy, and went on to have 14 children. In 1823, he moved to Lisburn, then in 1824, with his wife and his first two children, Catherine and John Doherty, he moved to Hilden. Hilden was an estate near Lisburn. In the years that followed, he founded William Barbour & Sons, his linen company, at Hilden, Ireland. By 1842, the mill was the largest linen mill in Ireland, continually expanding. In 1861 the mill was extended and several keystones are said to be portraits of Barbours. He was active at the market Square Presbyterian Church, where he was an Elder, and a Sessions Clerk, and at the Railway Street Presbyterian Church. He was also a Justice of

Close to the Lisburn Motorway interchange the originally cluster of workers houses alongside the bleachworks is the village of Plantation. The workers houses were set up in the eighteenth century by John Barbour - the man who introduced Linen thread making to this area. The original settlement, which dates back to the days of the planters by name has practically disappeared.

If my eldest daughter Elizabeth Law Barbour Andrews shall survive me I give to the Trustees or Trustee for the time being of the the Indenture of Settlement for her benefit dated the Thirtieth day of June, One
Thousand Nine Hundred and Nineteen and made between myself of the one part and John Milne Barbour and James Andrews of the other part all my interest under the ultimate trust of that Indenture in the funds and property thereby settled and I direct such Trustees or Trustee to hold the said interest in trust for such
person or persons for such purposes and in such manner as my said eldest daughter if attaining the age of
Thirty-five years shall by Will or Codicil specifically mentioning this my Will and this power appoint and in default of and subject to any such appointment in trust for my issue per stirpes who shall survive my said eldest daughter and who being male attain the age of Twenty-one years or being female attain that age or marry and if more than one in equal shares per stirpes.

Harold Adrian Milne Barbour was born on 17 July, 1874 and was educated at Harrow and Oxford, where he graduated with a Master of Arts degree. His grandfather, William, had founded the family firm Barbour & Sons, which was to become the largest thread-linen works in the world. His father, John D. Barbour, was instrumental in helping a group of workers set up a consumer co-op in Lisburn in 1881, based on the Rochdale model in England. The Lisburn Society was to grow to become one of the largest co-ops in Ireland, with the young Harold elected President in 1900. In 1906, Harold was elected to the board of the IAOS, and one year later joined the board of the IAWS, replacing Loftus Bryan as Chairman in 1910. He was a man of unbounded energy and enthusiasm and was instrumental in the establishment of many new initiatives including the banking service and a grocery department. A Dairying Department was started in 1913, which provided a complete service for the building and equipping of creameries.

He believed in exploiting the latest technology, purchasing a motorcar in 1912 and installing an intercom telephone between the offices and warehouses at the Dublin headquarters. He was one of the first to hold the view that there was enormous potential for the Irish food industry in the European markets.

Barbour’s generosity was shown when, in Easter Week 1916 he placed £3,000 to the credit of the IAWS in the Ulster Bank in Belfast. He also paid the salary and expenses of an extra IAOS organiser to promote tillage during the war years. He and his wife were later to donate £5,500 to the IAWS to build a new warehouse and frontage at Thomas Street. The gift was on the condition that the building be dedicated to the life works of R.A. Anderson, Sir Horace Plunkett and Fr. Tom Finlay S.J..

In 1922, Barbour resigned from the Chairmanship of the IAWS due largely to pressures from his own business and the fact that he resided near Belfast. He continued to give unstintingly of his time to the co-operative movement and was elected President of the newly formed Ulster Organisation Society (UAOS) in 1923. He worked with the Northern co-ops until his unexpected death, on 23 December 1938, while in Zurich on his way to the Far East on business.

He had been the Chairman of several boards, a Senator in the Northern Ireland parliament and a distinguished member of the Lisburn and Belfast Regional Education Committee. His life had been one of service, kindness, generosity and achievement and his passing was widely mourned. In his last letter to his children he wrote:

"I cannot wish you a happier life than mine has been".

A national school was first opened at Hilden on 1 January 1875 and one of it's earliest pupils was John Milne Barbour later to become the Rt Hon Sir John Milne Barbour DL.

In 1913 the present school building was opened and was described at the time as being one of the finest school buildings in Ireland. It is now a listed building. Over the years the school was sustained by Hilden Mill with the interest and support of the Barbour family.

Unionist demands to be excluded from Saorstat Eireann had a seemingly strong economic logic. On the one hand, their belief that 'non-Catholics' had "inherent and ineradicable endowments of character and aims" (Thomas Sinclair), which set them apart from the mainly agrarian Catholic populace of pre-Treaty Ireland. Quite apart from this, a more analytical argument against a united Ireland was espoused by J. Milne Barbour, a leading Belfast industrialist in pre-Treaty Ireland. Barbour's opposition to the six counties' participation in the Free State was threefold. Firstly, he claimed that the Free State would be highly protectionist in outlook, secondly that industrial interests would be subsumed by an overriding concentration on rural development, and thirdly that participation in an independent Ireland would result in restricted access to the UK market. While at first glance, his predictions would seem to have been accurate, a hypothetical analysis of what may have happened in the case of an all-Ireland state in the early 1920's can refute them.

Refs: D. Dunlop, Life of WJ Barre, Belfast, 1868; Belfast Evening Telegraph, 20 Sept 1910, p. 3; Larmour, Belfast, p. 24.

Gatelodge to Danesfort: No date or architect for the building of this has been recorded but a fair attribution would be to William Batt with a date in the 1870s quite likely. Batt went in for this type of steep roofed square tower as can be seen on some of his town hall and Orange hall designs. It was also used on his gatelodge that formerly stood at the entrance to Botanic Gardens. Here it forms a fitting introduction to the main house by William Barre. Good stone piers to the entrance gateway with corner colonnettes and little carved heads.

Jane Lynd married Rev. Adam Duffin, of Dungannon, brother of William Duffin, of Newgrove. Jane was the daughter of the Rev Charles Lynd mentioned below.

The Rev. Charles Lynd, mentioned above, was descended from a French Protestant family in Normandy, one of the numerous refugee-households whom the tyranny of Louis XIV, compelled to fly from France in the end of the seventeenth century. His father hastily converted his available property into money, fitted out a ship, intending to land in Ireland in Shane's Castle: was driven into Lough Swilly, and ultimately settled at Ramullen. His son Charles was born in 1681, entered the University of Edinburgh in 1699, and was ordained as minister of Fannet, including Ramullen, in February 1708. This being an Irish-speaking district, he had early learned to speak and preach in that language. I have seen several of his private devotional papers preserved by his descendants, which show him to have been a very experienced Christian and a most zealous minister. He removed to the charge of the second congregation in Coleraine in 1728, and died there in December 1751. He published an anti-Seceder tract: 'A Short and Plain Vindication of Several Spiritual Principles, especially of the Conditionality of the Spirit of Grace', in 1749.

Green Hall, aka Duneoin, stiil stands and was built by Ellen's brother John and was built about 1800 and established a Bleach works here. It is now the home of Patrick Fenton

The Cunninghams had extensive interests in the West Indes as well as in Ireland in printing, stockbroking, newspapers, textiles and bleaching