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Infrasonic Waves
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Species: Solenopsis aurea, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis xyloni (American Fire Ants) and imported Solenopsis saevissima (South American fire ant); will attack if mound is destroyed or moved and are considered pests. Physics Application: Fire ants use electricity to function in the movement of muscles and the like as other organisms also do, however they also seem to possess an inexplicable attraction to electromagnetic forces. Or, as it may be expressed: they display an interest in the technology of homo sapiens. A possible explanation as to this odd behaviour is thus: it may perhaps be that the ants mistake the electricity from machines as the electromagnetic fields of their prey. Despite the reason for their interest, it remains that their interaction with machines is not considered a pleasant relationship: fire ants are known to sever wires and produce short circuits. It has been calculated that every year, fire ants are the source of millions of dollars worth of damage, including accidents due to severed wires in traffic lights, circuits in automobiles and computers, destruction of motherboards, et cetera.
Species: Ovis sp. (Sheep) Physics Application: Research done with sheep displayed that sheep form a bond with their offspring based on the sense of smell, which is also based on bioelectricity in the body. It is known that nerve cells transmit electrical impulses, which also release chemicals within the body (these are called neurotransmitters). During the gestation period, the odor of the lamb does not effect the electrical nor chemical olfactory area (smell-sensing) in the ewe’s brain. However, during the birth, signals from the stimulation of the birth canal produces changes within the mother’s brain, which then cause her to become maternally responsive to the lamb, forming a bond with her offspring. After the birth, the cells found in the olfactory area increase in number as well as subjection to increase in activity and when the ewe is exposed to the odor of her lamb, those cells release more neurotransmitters that do not respond to other lambs. Species: Desulfuromonas acerixidans (Geobactors) Physics Application: Although the electricity generated by Geobactors does not necessarily fit the definition of electricity explored by this site, the following is simply of matter of interest, where a zoological form works to generate electricity from a most unlikely substance: During the year 2001, it was discovered that microorganisms addressed as Geobactors are capable of transforming organic substances (most carbon compounds) found at the bottom of the ocean into electrical energy. Most living organisms collect required energy by oxidizing organic compounds with oxygen, however Geobactors can live in oxygen-deficient environments by replacing oxygen with naturally occurring iron. In turn, they can also replace iron with an unnatural substance, such as an electrode. To experiment, researchers placed Geobactors in mud and added it to water in mason jars, then put one graphite electrode in the mud and another in the overlying water. The result was an electrical current, which was strong enough to produce light in a lightbulb or even a simple computer. From this, it was believed Geobactors were the key to the current. It was also found that when Geobactors, found on the end of a primitive battery, were destroyed, current flow stopped. It was derived that microorganisms in mud work together to break down large and complex organic compounds into acetate, which is then ionized by Geobactors, which transfer electrons form the acetate to the electrode. The process by the Geobactors generates electricity. It was also found that some Geobactors are capable of converting toxic organic compounds into electricity (such as toluene). With such knowledge, it could be that they may be used to harvest energy from waste or to clean contaminated areas.
Anemaw [Animal Electromagnetism and Waves] © Elizabeth Gerrow 2002 . |
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